Holland Culture Research Paper

Holland Culture Research Paper
Holland Culture During WWll Holland homes usually have small front doors and big windows that stand out. Their houses are full of large amounts of
furniture, plants, and flowers, they're crowded but clean and in order. Holland houses are packed together and are highly populated. The Dutch style
appeared after Spain and Holland were divided in 1581. Rich Dutch sellers started building fairly small but impressive houses, that were high, deep,
and thin overlooking a canal, in Amsterdam. Modern became the main style after World War ll, when the prices of houses started rising. Rotterdam is
one example of this. Rotterdam was severely damaged after World War ll, the main part of the city was rebuilt by Americans. The American style was
steel and glass skyscrapers. Hollands lands were divided in rectangles and mondrian– like squares to save room. The Netherlands have a complicated
network for railroads and thicker bicycle paths. Some people would even have church at their houses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the traditional foods they eat is, meat croquettes, raw herring, pea soup, kale stew, French fries with mayonnaise, white asparagus, and
hotchpotch. The Dutch rarely invite people they don't really know or are not very close to for dinners. But for coffee its different. They invite neighbors
and many others for coffee and a cookie, very often. Their meaning of coffee is cozy, pleasant and sociable. Dutch people started using Chinese–
Indonesian, Surinamese, and Italian foods. There are five categories that Dutch exports can be separated into: natural or improved fuel is 6 percent,
chemical products is 17 percent, factory products is 12 percent, machinery is 24 percent, and agricultural products is 15 percent. Germany is their main
trading partner. There are five others that are 60 percent of Dutch imports, they are: Germany, France, Belgium, the US, and the United Kingdom. Food
plays a big role in everyone's
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Compare And Contrast The 4 Colonies
The four colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, and Pennsylvania all had different religious and political developments, which led some
to complete freedom and others to light toleration. Massachusetts was founded by Puritans, who allowed believers and nonbelievers to live in the
colony. While this may seem like complete religious freedom, it is not; the non–Puritans were forced to pay taxes for the government–supported
church. In addition, the Puritans made strict rules to enforce "God's laws" and forced all people to follow these religious restrictions, such as no public
displays of affection. In contrast to Massachusetts, Rhode Island offered complete religious freedom to every colonist. The founder, Roger Williams,
did not

John Owen 's Holy Spirit
JOHN OWEN'S VINDICATION OF HOLY SPIRIT'S DEITY AND ITS BENEFITS FOR BELIEVERS
Against the Socinians, John Owen vindicated the deity of the Holy Spirit, as well as his benefits for believers, within a Christological context. The
Socinians were not the only opponents Owen dealt with, but they were notorious for their anti–Trinitarian views. On Owen's theological engagement,
Crawford Gribben assessed the Socinian threat as a gift to Owen for drawing "attention to the ambiguity of the boundaries of orthodoxy permitted by
the state," and that Owen "took advantage of the moral panic." While it is true that Owen produced theological works in response to Socinianism, Owen
regarded Socinianism as a major threat. The same applies to other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before examining the doctrines of Socinian and those of Owen, however, it is important to consider the historical context of these theological
controversies.
Historical Context
John Owen's Context
John Owen (1616–1683) was born in Stadhampton, near Oxford, to Henry Owen, a man of Puritan sympathies. After finishing local grammar school,
Owen matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1631. Owen achieved his Bachelor of Arts in 1632. He finished his Master of Arts studies in 1635
and ordained deacon. Then Owen engaged in a 7–year course for a Bachelor of Divinity. In 1642, Owen published A Display of Arminianism, the first
among many of his works. Owen soon received much attention and was invited to preach before Parliament.
In 1649, after the execution of Charles, Owen again preached to parliament. Here, Oliver Cromwell was present and chose Owen as his chaplain. Owen
was then appointed Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1651. In the following year, Owen became vice–chancellor and served until 1657. As a preacher
who joined Cromwell's revolution, Owen's appointment was a symbolic victory over monarchy. In other words, the new appointments to key university
positions were symbolic of the wider ambitions of the Cromwellian administration.
As the "Oxford Reformer," as Gribben put it, Owen promoted Calvinistic piety that transcended the political and cultural division of the university. In
1651, for example, Owen outlined the qualities of Calvinistic piety when he

Did Daniel Francois Malan Contribute To Apartheid In South...
This investigation will explore the question: How did Dr. Daniel Francois Malan negatively contribute to Apartheid in South Africa beginning in 1948?
The focus of this investigation, is the making of the National Party and Malan's role as a white supremacist in South Africa. The first source which will
be evaluated is Robert Schrire's book "Malan to De Klerk", published in 1994 in New York, by St. Martin's Press. The origin of this source is valuable
because Schrire received a Bachelor degree in economics from UCT, followed by his Masters from the School of International Service in Washington
DC, and his PHD from the University of California. Due to his extensive amounts of education regarding foreign studies, like the information analyzed
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the situation at first seemed easily comprehensive, but after further investigation, the actual situation was far more complex. This shows how
it is important for historians to search thoroughly through documents to understand historical events. Unlike a mathematician or a scientist, being a
historian does not instill "absolute truth" or total understanding regarding an event. With historical events, there are different interpretations and
different viewpoints to be taken into consideration when drawing conclusions. Sources have values and limitations, which are heavily analyzed before
the source itself is used. Likewise, historians have to find sources, which ideally line up with the truth. When assessing limitations, if found that my
sources seemed to agree with pointing to Malan for having a large impact and have credible authors which made the limitations hard to find. I regarded
Schrire's novel "Malan to De Klerk" highly valuable, because it gave insight into the start of apartheid specifically under Malan's rule who I
investigated. Secondly, I considered the letter sent from Sisulu to Malan valuable because it showed how the people were oppressed. This also
demonstrated contrasting views to Malan, and a firsthand account of an individual

World Cultures 2 Essay
While his coworkers constructed his designs, what hobby did Bernini pursue? Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Writing plays and designing
stage sets Writing plays and designing stage sets
Question 2 0 out of 2 points What effect does Caravaggio achieve with light in The Calling of Saint Matthew? Answer Selected Answer: Correct
Answer: Shows Jesus bringing the light to sinners Transforms the calling into a miracle
Question 3 2 out of 2 points What is the canzona's dominant rhythm? Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Long–shortshort Long–shortshort
Question 4 0 out of 2 points Why did the Baroque artists place elements on a diagonal, not the Renaissance frontal and parallel planes? Answer
Selected Answer: Correct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Lack of education and superstition Superstition and religion
Question 21 2 out of 2 points Why is Velzquez's Las Meninas (The Maids of considered Honor) such a complex painting? Answer Selected Answer:
Correct Answer:
Question 22 0 out of 2 points Its competing focal points Its competing focal points What distinction does Anne Bradstreet's The Tenth Muse hold?
Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: The first published book written by a woman The first book of poetry written by a colonist
Question 23 2 out of 2 points How was Louis able to maintain such a well–disciplined, loyal army? Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: The
army was well–supplied and regularly paid The army was well–supplied and regularly paid
Question 24 0 out of 2 points Why did the Spanish program to convert the Pueblo to Christianity fail in 1680? Answer Selected Answer: Facing
financial crisis, Spain recalled the missionaries Correct Answer: The Pueblo revolted and killed many of the Spanish
Question 25 2 out of 2 points On whose work did Nicholas Poussin model his classical approach to painting? Answer Selected Answer: Correct
Answer: Rapha el Rapha el
Question 26 2 out of 2 points Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign come to be known as the Age of Absolutism? Answer Selected Answer: Correct
Answer: Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right Louis was a

Christian Reformed Church
On March 26, 2017, I visited Palos Heights Christian Reformed Church, 7059 West 127th Street, Palos Heights, Illinois. A Christian Reformed Church
service is completely different than a Catholic mass. I had been going to Palos Heights CRC since the beginning of the year and noticed that they
celebrate the Lord's Supper about once a month with pieces of bread and sparkling grape juice. The Sunday prior to the Lord's Supper mass is dedicated
to repenting and preparing the congregation for the celebration of the Lord's Supper. There's an obvious theme for the entire service such as on March
26 the theme was "God's victory and Him being one of us." There were five songs sung throughout the service and every song referenced the Lord, the
King, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
God has brought us into the community and it is our responsibility to include God into the community He has given to us. Worship involved songs that
all were relatively regarding God's reign and community. The songs and Scriptures read/song had a meaning of how Christians will be saved if we
continue to be followers if we love God and keep his commandment, and if we preach the Word we will be saved by grace. The covenant of grace has
many significant meanings in the Christian Reformed Church, "the covenant of redemption may be defined as follows: "The agreement between the
Father, giving the Son as Head and Redeemer of the elect, and the Son, voluntarily taking the place of those whom the Father had given him"
(Hoekema 187). The value of keeping the covenant of grace is to preach the Holy Scripture but to also grow stronger in faith. The covenants made
between man and God are meant to keep commandments and to join in fellowship with one another. The message of the importance of the covenant of
grace in the reading of Perspectives in the Christian Reformed Church is that "the covenant of grace, further, does full justice to both the individual ad
social aspects of Christianity. The covenant of grace requires man's full–orbed service of God as God's covenant partner" (Hoekema 200). God alone is
all powerful, great, good, Creator, Redeemer, and the

Rembrandt Harmenszoom Van Rijn: The Dutch Golden Age
Rembrandt Harmenszoom van Rijn Rembrandt was best known for his self–portraits and etching works, known as the Dutch Golden Age. He was the
most respected artist of his times. With the use of shadow and light, illustrations of biblical scenes, and self–portraits in his paintings earned him great
fame. Rembrandt was born on July 15, 1606, in Leiden, which was considered Dutch Republic. He was one of nine children. His father, Harmon Rijn
(Dutch Reformed Church) and his mother, Neetlgen Zuybrouck (Roman Catholic) were known as a well–to–do family. Rembrandt attended school
from 1612 to 1616 where he was tutored on biblical studies and the classics. From 1620 to1625 Rembrandt studied under the artist Van Swansburgh
whom specialized in scenes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He deconstructed from his former teachers compositions and made them his own. In 1626 Rembrandt created his first etching. It was so good it led him
to international fame. His etchings were high quality and were achieved through suggestive handling of light and dark. This new light style, as noted in
most of his paintings, left large areas obscured in shadow. The intensity falling at a given part on a lighted surface created spots of lightness and pockets
of deep darkness in his paintings. This led to an innovative turn in his use of light. In 1628 Rembrandt completed a painting in which the lighted
elements were clustered together, surrounded by clusters of darker colors. This draws the viewers eye to a focal point before observing the other details
of the painting. In 1629 Rembrandt completed several pieces of art work; Judas Repentant and Returning the Pieces of Silver. The Night Watch was
Rembrandts most famous painting. It was huge, and Rembrandt used effective light and shadow, and the perception of motion in his paintings.
Rembrandt married Saskia van Uylenburgh in 1634. Out of four children only one survived. Saskia died at the age of 30 and soon after Rembrandt took
up housekeeping with his housekeeper. Rembrandt went through several misfortunes but none seemed to affect his work. Rembrandt died Oct4, 1669 in
Amsterdam

Rembrandt Essay examples
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history and the most important in Dutch history.
Rembrandt was also a proficient printmaker and made many drawings. His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden
Age (roughly equivalent to the 17th century), in which Dutch culture, science, commerce, world power and political influence reached their pinnacles.
In all, Rembrandt produced around 600 paintings, 300 etchings, and 2,000 drawings. He was a prolific painter of self–portraits, producing almost a
hundred of them (including some 20 etchings) throughout his long career. Together they give us a remarkably clear picture of the man, his looks, and —
more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1631, Rembrandt had established such a good reputation that he received several assignments for portraits from Amsterdam. As a result, he moved
to that city and into the house of an art dealer, Hendrick van Uylenburgh. This move eventually led, in 1634, to the marriage of Rembrandt and
Hendrick's greatniece, Saskia van Uylenburg. This was obviously a marriage for love. Although she came from a good family (her father had been
burgomaster of Leeuwarden), Saskia was an orphan and was probably not very wealthy. She lived with her sister in Frisia and did not have many
'grand' connections in Amsterdam. These events, however, are widely disputed.
In 1639, Rembrandt and Saskia moved to a prominent house in the Jodenbreestraat in the Jewish quarter, which later became the Rembrandt House
Museum. Although they were affluent the couple had several setbacks in their personal life. Three of their children died shortly after birth. Only their
fourth child, a son, Titus, who was born in 1641, survived into adulthood. Saskia died in 1642 soon after Titus's birth, probably from tuberculosis.
After her death he began an affair with Titus's nurse, a widow called Geertje Dircx. This ended in a lawsuit. Geertje claimed that Rembrandt had broken
his promise to marry her, and demanded that the council force him to marry her. The council did not go that far but Rembrandt was asked to pay her a
lot of money. He then cooperated with Geertje's family to have her locked up in a

Rembrandt Observation
Rembrandt
1. First off, your full name is?
My entire name is "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn" (Rembrandt van Rijn, 2012).
2. When and where were you born?
I was born July 15th, 1606 in Leiden, which is a Dutch province of the Netherlands (Rembrandt van Rijn, 2012). Leiden was a lovely place to grow up.
3. Did you have a nice childhood?
I was born into a "well–to–do" family that came from a modest bakery. I grew up with my rowdy siblings and had a truly happy childhood (Rembrandt,
2014).
4. How many siblings did you have?
I was the last of my mother's nine children (Rembrandt, 2014).
5. What kind of household did you grow up in? Was is religious?
I grew up in an extremely religious household. My mother was devout Roman Catholic, while my father was a ... Show more content on
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17. Who was your most painted subject? Any reoccurring themes?
I actually paint myself more than I paint anyone else in my artwork. I have done over 300 self–portraits (Rembrandt Biography, 2015). I add biblical
and historical themes to almost all of my artwork to enhance each painting with symbolism and depth.
18. Has your style always been the same in your paintings?
My style changed drastically after my wife died and I went from a more Baroque technique to a highly contemporary form of art. In the beginning of
my art career I used "an increasingly unfettered, thickly pigmented style of painting and made light of the defining element of his style," (Buchholz,
Buhler, Hille, Kaeppele, & Stotland, 2007).
19. Have your life's events affected your artwork?
"Rembrandt's drawings on her [wife's] death bed are among his most moving works," (Rembrandt, 2014).
20. How do you sign your name on your paintings?
I began signing my name with a simple "R" or "RH" in 1625. In 1629, I added an L, to make the signature "RHL." Many of my later paintings of 1632
and on, have either the name "Rembrant" or "Rembrandt" (Rembrandt,

Protestant Reformation
PAPER 1
(PROTESTANT REFORMATION)
DOUGLAS HOLLOWAY
STUDENT ID# 23766838
CHHI 302_DO5_201340
FALL 2013
DR. KEITH GOAD
LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
NOVEMBER 05, 2013
As a result of increased corruption in the Catholic Church, a significant number of priests in the 16th century tried to transform Christianity back to its
previous Biblical basis and simplicity. Initially, priests channeled much of their efforts in reforming the church, but they discovered that it was very
challenging, and the only viable solution was to split completely from the Catholic Church. There were four movements as a result of the reformation
events. They include the Anglicans, Lutherans, Reformed Tradition (Calvin), and the Anabaptists. Key figures in the ... Show more content on
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He continued to preach and write; enabling him to carry on with reformation.
Reformations' Theological Issues
Luther identified three major principles that were acknowledged by other Protestant factions. According to the theological premises, all Christians are
mandated to believe in the Scripture's primacy. The idea means that the Biblical literal meaning should be favored in contrast to any learned or
conventional readings. Christians are also supposed to reject anything not founded in Scripture. Secondly, justification is by faith alone, and Christians
through believing will be saved, and not by their good works; as maintained by the Catholic Church. The other premise is the priesthood of the believer.
The idea meant that it was not ideal to consider ordained priests as the "true spiritual estate" members. Priesthood was eliminated by Luther in
Protestant Churches though some still make use of pastors or ministers to lead.
Apart from the three principals, the Eucharist sacrament was also elucidated by Luther with reference to consubstantiation. Consubstantiation refers to
the assurance that Christ is indeed present in the Eucharist celebration. The belief is also similar to the transubstantiation doctrine. However, in the
transubstantiation doctrine, it is believed that wine and bread factually change to the blood and body of Jesus Christ during the

Religious Beliefs In The American Colonies
The definition of religious liberty differs in every colony. Every colony has a different belief some believe in god and others don't, but no one was free
to be choose on what religion people wanted to follow. In the American colonies were largely non–Catholics. Although some other religions were
practiced in most colonies, the Puritans in Massachusetts established a new law that no all religions could be practice. Pennsylvania was the first to
follow those rules from court. Spanish colonies were Catholics, there was no other religion to follow. When people got tired and tried to protested about
a new religion they would be persecuted and would send them to another place. French colonies, in their Colonial life was some large Catholic
believers. Religious beliefs of the Dutch vary. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anne Hutchinson believe that everyone should attend to church. She opened her house for people that believe in Christ, she had read the bible in her
house for all people who arrived. She then had to go to court, the court believe something wrong happened. Court let her continue with her private
reunions on her house. People seemed to be better when they accompanied Anne to read the bible. In the year 1645 the English settlers were mainly
Puritans who came to American in pursuit for liberty. Religious acceptance and uncontrolled human conduct were not part of their freedom. John
Winthrop governor of the Puritans Colony at Massachusetts Bay came up with the idea of two different kinds of liberty. His described natural liberty as
something responsible for making the man evil and immoral because this liberty let him to do what he wants to do "good or evil", there was nothing
bad by making our decision, as bad they referred to not to follow any religion or try to follow

Middle Colonies Motives
The middle colonies had many varying motives for founding, religious, economic foundations, and political development. Pennsylvania, New York,
and New Jersey all have different reasons for the creation of the colony. Pennsylvania was claimed by William Penn because he wanted a safe place for
his, and everyone else's, religion. New York, however, was founded because the Dutch were seeking great riches; although Henry Hudson, an English
explorer they employed, did not find a shortcut through North America, he did claim the land for the Dutch. Comparatively, New Jersey was
established and inhabited for its rich and fertile soil. Moreover, New York had different religious motives than those of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
New York, being founded

Colonial America Essay
Current Situation and Future Prospects for Further Colonization of Mainland America This evaluation of the current situation in 1625 and future
prospects for the further colonization of mainland America will include comments about economic opportunities, living conditions, threats, dangers and
motivation of residents who remain committed to American settlement. It will review the situation and future prospects in the Jamestown, Plymouth
and Dutch settlement areas. Jamestown Settlement This first successful British settlement in North America endured severe hardships, primarily threats
from Native Americans and persistent hunger. It is hoped the Powhatan tribe will sign a peace treaty and cede most of their land to settlers ("Jamestown
Colony") ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tribal leadership changed in 1622–23. Indian attacks killed over 700 colonists and destroyed crops and supplies in what was called the Jamestown
Massacre ("The Colonies: Jamestown"). Hunger remains a major hardship. Salt water poisoned colonists. A drought and massive fire destroyed crops
and killed all but 60 colonists (Captain John Smith qtd. in Miller, 84–85). "Gross mismanagement" has failed to improve living conditions (Kelly).
1609 was labeled "the starving time." Only native plants and a few fish sustained the settlers. Desperate colonists cannibalized buried Indians and even
family members (Captain John Smith qtd. in Miller, 85). Tobacco became the colony's sole cash crop and main source of revenue by 1612 with exports
to England increasing from 2,300 pounds in 1616 to over 49,000 pounds by 1618. Importation of slaves to work in the fields began in 1619 ("The
Colonies: Jamestown"). Settlers remain in Jamestown because: ships dock near the shore making it easier handle cargo and make the colony
prosperous; the unoccupied site offers wide views of the area; and residents can try to find gold deposits and the elusive water route across the continent
("Why Settle on

The American Colonies : How They Shaped Societies And...
Matthew Blake
Kimberly Taft
History 131
24 July 2015
Religion in the American Colonies: How They Shaped Societies and Politics. The main reason so many immigrants fled from Europe was to free
themselves from religious persecution. They were being forced to either believe a certain way or pay for a specific religion to be in their country, they
were not allowed to believe or practice their beliefs openly without detriment of some sort. The New World was new and had endless possibility and
opportunity to get away from such oppression and pursue a life free from prosecution. Granted there was also money to be made and competition with
Spain and France to discover the New World which made it promising for the wealthy and aristocrats to invest ... Show more content on
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Ann Hutchinson was one of the founders of Providence, Rhode Island. The Puritans believed that it was possible to have an individual relationship with
God without intervening of clergy or aristocracy. Puritans thought that the Bible could be interpreted by any man therefor they placed great emphasis
on teaching their children to read. They also believed that man could govern themselves as long as it was within the Bibles laws, that is where the town
meetings come in and they are still in communities today. This also meant that the Bible was their main source of authority and anyone within the
community who did not abide by the Bible's law within the Puritan interpretation would be reprimanded or prosecuted by authorities hence, the Salem
Witch Trials that took place in Massachusetts. The Puritans believed that hard work, self–discipline, frugality, and self–reliance would be rewarded with
eternal life in heaven. The Puritans did have a democratic view on how their government should be run based on the town meetings where community
member could voice opinions or concerns and they would be addressed accordingly. However, they come to the New World to free themselves from
persecution but were so self–involved in their own

The Doctrine Of Reformed Theology
Reformed Theology in Missions
The argument can and should be made that all Reformed doctrines are important for the sake and cause of missions, but for this paper a few have been
selected to highlight their particular significance in their role in world wide missions. These doctrines have often not received proper importance in
missions because of a general preoccupation or focus on certain Reformed teachings that seem to dominate most people's view of reformed theology. In
fact, they have received very little thought in comparison to those that are concerned with soteriology in missions. Reformed missions, however,
emphasis and esteems doctrines that have in the past been successful and need to be applied to missions in the church today ... Show more content on
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This, together with the preaching on the fall of man and his sinfulness, naturally leads to preaching the gospel. Missions will only be successful if Jesus
Christ is the theme in gospel preaching.
The centrality of Christ and the importance of this is evident in Calvin's Institutes. It is there that McNeill writes, "It is important to realize that the focal
point of the Institutes is not found in God's sovereignty, or in predestination, or in insistence on obedience to God's Word itself, apart from constant
reference to Jesus Christ, whom the written Word makes known." Paul writes to the Corinthians, "For I resolved to know nothing while I was with you
except Jesus Christ and Him crucified." as seen in I Corinthians 2:2. In its missionary task the church needs to reemphasize the centrality and
significance of Jesus Christ. As Paul says in I Corinthians 3, it is not Apollos or he that was important; it is the foundation that he (Paul) laid: Jesus
Christ.
Even though you would think it impossible, some do not present the message of the gospel, the death of Jesus Christ for men separated from God
through sin, in such a manner that Christ is seen and heard as the Scriptures speak of Him. There is a great need to recover this correct and Bible
presentation of the gospel before we take men away from Christ. The great truths of the

How significant was the Reformed faith to the success of...
The Dutch Revolt, In the sixteenth century, was a conflict between the Protestant Low Countries, and the Catholic Spanish Empire. This resulted in the
division of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands, and eventually the formation of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch speaking north were tolerant to
various religious affiliations, whereas, the French and Walloon South, remained loyal to Philip II, and were predominantly Catholic. In order to
establish the significance of reformed faith in the success of the Dutch Revolt, this assignment will explore some of the events surrounding the uprising.
In addition, it will consider social, economic and political factors, in order to identify how they contribute to the success of the conflict. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, Philip II, was a conservative Catholic. His policies to obtain religious uniformity, through his Edicts and the Inquisition were not
welcome. The religious suppression resulted in a further aggravation to relations. The Count of Egmont() and William of Orange(), emerged as the
leaders of the opposition.
On the 5th of April 1566, William presented the Petition of Compromise to Margaret. This requested Philip to end religious persecution in the
Netherlands. ' [... ] his majesty's recent refusal to mitigate the edicts in any way [... ] present difficulties will undoubtedly increase ' and, ' we fear, will
be an open revolt '(). This document makes clear that the Inquisition had not been adjusted since Charles's reign, and that during this time differences
had appeared. This seems to indicate, that the introduction of Reformed faith and ideas, which entered the Netherlands, had some impact. The petition
warns Philip of the situation, and presents the concerns of the nobility. It is clear here, that what is paramount to the nobility is that of their own
interests, rather than that of religion. They would be unable to protect their lands if revolt broke out, and in addition, they feared that others may
provide false testimony in order to gain their confiscated lands. Moreover, as Protestants often faced execution for holding heretic beliefs, this clearly a

Apush Chapter 1 Summary
AD 1600 – 1700
–Persecution of Catholics in Sweden under Charles IX
–Jesuit missionary and scholar, Matteo Ricci, starts evangelizing China
–Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius becomes professor at Leiden. Arminius's studies of Romans lead him to doubt Calvin's doctrine of
predestination, resulting in doctrines emphasizing man's ability to choose Christ and Christ's death for all people. (Arminianism)
–Gunpowder Plot fails. Catholic extremists attempt to kill King James I and blow up Parliament, seizing the government.
–First Baptist Church is founded in Amsterdam by John Smyth, who baptizes himself.
–Emperor Rudolph II permits freedom of religion in Bohemia
–King James Version Bible (The Authorized Version) published
–Galileo is prohibited by Church from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–The British Test Act bans Catholics from holding public offices unless they deny certain doctrines.
–Isaac Watts, hymn writer
–John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress published.
–Edict of Nantes revoked. Huguenots flee France.
–Johann Sebastian Bach, composer called "The fifth Evangelist"
–English Parliament Issues Toleration Act (tolerating all Protestant groups, but not Roman Catholics).
–Chinese emperor officially allows Christianity. Ricci's Initial 2,000 converts multiply to 300,000.
–The Amish founded by Jakob Amman.
–First missionary societies formed by Protestants.
–Jamestown, Virginia, established – first permanent English colony on American mainland
–Massachusetts Bay Colony founded
–Dutch peasants (Boers) settle in South Africa
–British Take New Amsterdam from the Dutch and rename it New York
–War of European powers against the Turks (to 1699); high point of Turkish advance in Europe
–James II of England calls for freedom of conscience; Protestants fear restoration of Catholicism and demand "Glorious Revolution"
–Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia; attempts to westernize nation and build Russia as a military power.
1700 –

Andrew Murray Religion
Introduction
Andrew Murray was born in Cape Town, South Africa; Murray became a noted missionary leader. His father was a Scottish Presbyterian serving the
Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa, and his mother had connections with both French Huguenots and German Lutherans. This background to
some extent explains his ecumenical spirit. He was educated at Aberdeen University, Scotland, and at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. After
ordination in 1848 he served pastorates at Bloemfontein, Worcester, Cape Town, and Wellington. He helped to found what is now the University
College of the Orange Free State and the Stellenbosch Seminary He served as Moderator of the Cape Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church and was
president of both the YMCA (1865) and the South Africa General Mission (1888–1917), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I joke that he is a dead mentor to me, because when I read his writings there is a longing in me to imitate his faith, his passion for God, his conviction
about being holy, his understanding about the grace of God. I admire just how plainly and affectionately he wrote about heavenly things as though he
truly understood them. I just sit amazed at what God revealed to him and wonder if I will ever truly know without a shadow of a doubt the things he
speaks about. His writings are not just fluff, but are the meat and potatoes of Christianity. If you read them you will not be disappointed, but you will be
challenged and inspired to believe you really can be godly through Jesus Christ. This is one of my favorite books, perhaps because it provoked such
thoughts of what true surrender is in the life of the Christian. Should you ever find yourself driven to know the truth about the surrendered life, select
this book and encounter the concepts within. I would recommend this book to current believers who wish to take their relationship with the Lord to the
next level. His writing is geared towards adults, as the language is appropriate for advanced

Essay on The Church's Struggle Against Apartheid
The Church's Struggle Against Apartheid
The failure to denounce, resist and incite to resist apartheid and its resulting violations of human rights, constitutes the failure of the church to live up to
its faith convictions. Rather the church often got caught up in its debates on the legitimacy and right of resistance against the authorities. These debates
were dominated by the question of the violence and the armed struggle. This furthermore happened under circumstances in which our members were
part of the armed wings of the liberation movements. Prozesky, Martin, Christianity in South Africa p 132
The Churches struggle against apartheid and a comment on the effectiveness of this Challenge. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Apartheid System was based upon the earlier system of segregation. Segregation was the system imposed on the British colonies in the rest of
Africa; this system was in no way linked to any religious ideology. This differs to apartheid, which later on in the development of this system, was
justified, although through a narrow minded, and some would even say twisted interpretation of the gospels, the system of apartheid and racial
segregation.[5]
Of significance was the way the policies were enforced. The Native affairs department of the earlier segregationist period was more passive than its
successor, The Bantu Affairs Department. The Bantu Affairs Department played a far more direct role and was remembered for its authoritarian control
over the daily lives of the African people[6].
Now that the differences between Apartheid and the segregation of Africa have been shown, we must not forget the similarities between the two. The
laws gave the white South Africans privileges were not knew to the country, laws passed in the early twentieth century also allowed colour
discrimination, and the Land Act of 1913 denied Africans the right to choose where they wanted to live. This marked the permanent segregation of
South Africa into areas designated for white or black ownership. Martin Prozesky comments:
'The unmentioned purpose of the 1913

Vaccines And The Anti Vaccine Argument
"As healthy as my lifestyle seemed, I contracted measles, mumps, rubella, a type of viral meningitis, scarlatina, whooping cough, yearly tonsillitis, and
chickenpox, some of which are vaccine preventable" (Parker 1). This quote by vaccine advocate Amy Parker, a woman who was not vaccinated as a
child, shows just a glimpse into the life of an unvaccinated individual. Parents who do not vaccinate their children claim many different reasons for
their decision. Three of the most popular reasons are: religious grounds, health problems as a result from vaccines, and the belief that the illnesses are
rare. Each of these reasons can be proven as nonessential in the anti–vaccine argument. First of all, religion has become a frequently used excuse.
Recently, a case arose in New York City when three families obtained vaccination exemptions due to religious reasons (NYC Court 1). Because they
chose to not vaccinate their children, their children were not allowed to attend school during times when another student had a vaccine–preventable
illness (NYC Court 1). Naturally, this sparked an uproar among the parents, who then sued the city by claiming it was a violation of their First
Amendment right to religious freedom and their 14th Amendment right to equal protection under the law (NYC Court 1). The dogma of several
mainstream religions references vaccines and whether or not they are necessary. For example, "the Catholic Church strongly supports vaccination, even
making it a moral and

Genocide In South Africa
While the ecumenical church was focused on preventing a post–World War apocalypse, they were neglecting a cultural genocide in South Africa. From
1948 through 1994, a legal division of white and blacks took place. Apartheid, literally meaning a "state of being apart", was racial segregation
instituted by the National Party that kept a minority white population in power over the predominant black indigenous population.
This all originated during the Transatlantic Slave Trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The West Indies Company, a subsidiary of the
Netherlands (the Dutch Reformed Church being the State Church) had a colony in South Africa and when the slave trade ended, the Dutch offered up
South Africa to all of the displaced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the church leaders who spearheaded the campaign to end the apartheid was Bishop Desmond Tutu. Bishop Tutu called for the united church to
be in solidarity with the voiceless in South Africa. If the blacks' voice was taken from them, the church would become their voice. But this voice would
not just demand peace, it would enact it. Desmond Tutu called upon the WCC to form an ecumenical voice within South Africa. The South African
Council of Churches (SACC) was formed and became the voice of popular resistance that challenged the legitimacy of the apartheid state. The Kairos
Document, a critique of state theology, pronounced in 1985 that "the day of judgement had come" for apartheid and that Christians "must quite simply
participate in the struggle for liberation". The WCC assisted in Bishop Tutu in countless protest–marches and global awareness. Desmond Tutu's
approach to ending the apartheid revolved around excluding the evil before embracing reconciliation. The South African Commission for Truth and
Reconciliation was created to do this very

Vincent Van Gogh Research Paper
Vincent William van Gogh was a Dutch Post–Impressionist artist who was most famous and significant figure in the history of Western art. Vincent
William van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Groot–Zundert. He was named after his grandfather and his brother who died at birth one year
before he was born. His painting was notable for its beauty, emotion, and colors of depth which was highly influenced by the 20th–century art. During
his life, he was struggling with mental illness and remained poor throughout his life. On July 29, 1890, at Auvers–sur–Oise, Vincent van Gogh died in
France at the age of 37 from a self–inflicted gunshot wound.
Vincent Van Gogh was born as the second of six children into a religious Dutch Reformed Church family in

Viggoth Tribe Research Paper
In the charts of this week, I would to know more about the tribe in chart 32. The first tribe is the Goths; they were the first Germanic people originated
in southern Scandinavia to become Christians in the 6th century Gothic historian Jordanes. history–world.org/goths.htm Then, after the 3rd century,
they migrated around the Black Sea. Then, the western tribe of the Goths was called Visigoths and they developed themselves during the 3rd Century
CE by the West of the Black Sea. www.ancient.eu/visigoth/ Picts are another tribe, they are descendants of the Caledonii, and they combined
themselves with the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata in order to create the Kingdom of Alba in Scotland. Pictish had been described to be the home of the
Caledonii, which was a group of indigenous. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This island was populated for about 9,000 years ago. This tribe was considered to be a Celtic culture because insular Celtic culture diversified to Irish,
Scottish and Manx. During the Iron Age, the Celtics lived around most of Europe, and even before Julius Caesar occupied most part of it. Also, the
Franks are another tribe who were a confederation of the Germanic tribes. In the 3rd century, they resided in the Lower and Middle Rhine. Their
missions were to spread Christianity in Western Europe. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks The Scots are from Scotland, they emerged from an
amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels. Their descent are from different places around the world. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people
The Angles were settled in Britain in the post Roman period and were the main Germanic peoples. Their name came from the district of Angeln which
is an area located on the Baltic shore.

How Did The Hollanders Influence
When the Dutch finally wrested the maritime provinces of Ceilão (Ceylon) from the Portuguese in 1658, there began a second European cultural
influence on the Oriental society within the Island's shores. The Hollanders' impact turned out to be of greater significance than their predecessors.
They introduced a common law that prevails today, and left a legacy of their splendid architecture: forts, churches, hospitals, and residences.
They were also responsible for establishing the Burgher community in the Island, whose members have contributed to the Island's culture far beyond
their slim number. And there are other influences besides: Dutch words 'borrowed' to fill gaps in the Sinhala language, certain culinary items, even the
introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Roman Catholicism had the advantage of being forcefully promoted by the Portuguese in the 16th Century: it was ingrained. Despite
discrimination many Catholics remained loyal to their faith, while others nominally embraced Protestantism. Today, Calvinists account for less than ten
percent of the Christian population of Sri Lanka.
Roman–Dutch Law
Roman–Dutch law, which today serves as the general law of Sri Lanka, was established by the Dutch; created by the combination of early modern
Dutch law and Roman (or civil) law. It was exported from Holland by colonists first to the Cape of Good Hope, where it became the foundation of
modern South African law, and then the Island the Dutch called Zeilan. As Roman–Dutch law ceased to exist in Holland in the early 19th Century,
South Africa and Sri Lanka are the only countries to be ruled by Roman–Dutch law.
The law was initially applied to the Burghers and the Sinhalese elite serving the Dutch administration. When the British acquired the Island in 1796, it
was extended to include low–country Sinhalese and other ethnic groups. Subsequently Roman–Dutch law had a sizeable influence on the
transformation of society both in the low–country and upcountry where Kandyan law had prevailed until the British capture of the kingdom in

Christianity And Church History During The 20th Century
It is common and preferable to study history from above–through the lens of the predominant culture or through the actions of a famous figure. Yet,
learning history from below allows us to gain insight from the feelings and emotions of those affected, in addition to learning a story or history that is
hidden when studied from above. The story is told from the perspective of the common people or individual. In this paper, the history of Christianity
will told from below. It will be told from the prospective of an individual who was born and lived in South Africa in the middle 20th century, during
apartheid. First, this paper will briefly discuss the beginning of Christianity in South Africa. Second, it will discuss Christianity and church history
during the 20th century, which is the main time period referenced in the paper. Third, it will discuss church history from the oral account of and viewed
through the life of Joy Hepkin, a black South African who currently resides in the United States. The fourth sections will provide a reflection on the
personal value gained from this oral history and the value of oral history for ministry today.
PRELUDE
In order to gain a personal perspective on the history of Christianity in South Africa, Joy Hepkin, a coworker, was interviewed. Joy is a registered
oncology nurse. Joy was born in South Africa and spent most of her time there living in Johannesburg. She is married and her husband is a pastor. Joy
was interview over a

Martin Luther, John Calvin And The Protestant Reformation
One theme present during the reformation, was smaller churches breaking off from the larger church, and establishing their own forms of christianity.
Many people were unhappy with the way the church was running and sought to reform these flaws by making their own forms of the church. People
such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, were unhappy with how the church was being run created their own religions. Martin Luther created
Lutheranism, which did not believe in the selling of indulgences and believed that salvation was granted by faith alone. Both of these ideas went against
the Church at the time and his ideas were highly disputed. John calvin had created Calvinism, which believed in predestination, which meant that God
had already decided who was saved, and who was damned. The idea of predestination also went against the church's idea that faith and good works lead
to salvation. 2. Immorality, ignorance, and pluralism all gave the church a bad name, but immorality hurt the church the most. Immorality in the church
consisted of gambling, drinking, and promiscuity which cast a bad light on the church as the clergy were supposed to be men of god and were not to
engage in such devious acts. The clergy was also highly ignorant with many preaches not knowing latin, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When the reformation started, the catholic Habsburgs of Spain became nervous and tightened their grip on the Netherlands, however, the dutch rebelled
and the british took their side starting the 80 years war, in the end, the dutch were ultimately successful. As the dutch took to more protestant ideas, the
strictly Catholic Habsburgs tightened the grip on the netherlands pushing for Catholicism. The Dutch rebelled with the help of protestant England and
started the 80 years war against Spain. This created tension between Spain and England because they were on opposite sides in the battle. In the end,
the Dutch were eventually victorious and became their own country free of Spanish

What Influence Did John Calvin Have On Church History
"WHAT INFLUENCE DID JOHN CALVIN HAVE ON CHURCH HISTORY" John Calvin was born at Noyon, France, on 10 July 1509, the son of a
notary. He went to the University of Paris in 1523 (it was not unusual to attend university at so young an age), where he learned Latin from the
humanist Mathurin Cordier. He developed a strong love of languages and earned his Master of Arts in 1528 in theology. Then, in 1532, Calvin
experienced a spiritual conversion. It was typical of Calvin that he gives us virtually no details of this crucial moment in his life. In contrast with
Luther, who is extensively autobiographical, Calvin wrote merely that he had experienced a "sudden conversion," and we must be satisfied with that
("The Reformation: Calvin." The Reformation: Calvin. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015.). John Calvin is not at the last–place level on an equivalence with
Martin Luther as the inventor of the Reformation. Actually, Luther 's followers produced a formal church; however, Calvin 's followers created several
churches; to name a few the French Huguenots, the English Puritans, the Scottish Presbyterians, and the Dutch Reformed Church. In fact, Calvin had an
outstanding way to the German lands, and Luther had a large influence in Western Europe, however, you will not stray incorrectly by going to see
Calvin 's influence in the churches west of the Rhine River, and Luther 's hand in the churches east of the Rhine.
Likely the best known aspect of Calvinist theology regards predestination,

How Did The Great Awakening Influence The Separation Of...
The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals that greatly contributed to the separation of church and state, it did this because it played a part
in the growth of different types of Protestantism. In addition, the Great Awakening embraced evangelical style teachings and focused on church
congregations. Furthermore, the Great Awakening formed new boundaries between the church and state that before were nonexistent by changing
church membership requirements, growth in the variety of religion and making religion a more emotional and personal experience. The Puritan Church
was wilting under the weight of their doctrines and membership requirements. Some worshipers of Calvinism due to Jacobus Arminians, a dutch
theologian, disagreed with the Calvinist doctrine of predestination and instead believed that they determine their own future by doing good works. ...
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The separation of church and state was becoming a popular policy with the colonists. Furthermore, the majority of colonists soon decided they wanted
the government to have nothing to do with their beliefs. Unfortunately, government passed laws to keep the church in order, however that only fueled
the colonists to have a separation of church and state. The Great Awakening changed the way people felt about religion. It made people want to be more
independent and be more in touch with God. Additionally, the Great Awakening reformed the church and believers of God. Furthermore, the Great
Awakening had many effects in colonial America, notably being separation of church and state, growth in the variety of religion and changing the
requirements for church

Differences Between New England And Middle Colonies
Differences between the New England and the Middle colonies
In the early 17th century, colonies were being established by outside settlers from European countries. The Middle colonies consisted of New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. The New England colonies consisted of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhode Island.
Each colony had their differences when it came to religious beliefs and the economy. The Middle colonies had a higher tolerance for religious beliefs.
There were great amounts of diversity when it came to religion. The various types of religion at the time were: Presbyterian, Church of England, Dutch
Reformed, Dutch Lutheran, Seven Day Baptist, German Reformed and the Quakers, who were later known to lead the charge in freeing slaves. Many
Europeans frowned upon the idea of religious freedom. The freedom to express religious or non–religious beliefs attracted many European settlers. This
tradition was later allowed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2014. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more–subjects/history/us–history–i/seventeenth–century–colonial–settlements/new–
england–colonies>.
"The New England Colonies." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 08 Aug. 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/3.asp>.
"Religious Pluralism in the Middle Colonies, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center." Religious Pluralism in the Middle
Colonies, Divining America, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2014.
"Religion in the Colonies, Middle Colonies." Middle Colonies. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2014.
<http://www.countriesquest.com/north_america/usa/people/religion_in_the_united_states/history_of_religion_in_the_united_states/religion_in_the_colon
Schweikart, Larry, and Michael Allen. A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror. New York:
Sentinel, 2004.

The Corruption Of The Puritans In New England In 1639
Deciding that religious freedom is worth the risks, the puritans crossed the sea. Puritans were reformed protestants and believed that the church of
England was still too much like it was before. They believed the church of was corrupt. They didn't break from the church but sought to reform it, so
they set out for the New World in the 1630. When they arrived in the New England area they decided to start a new colony. The puritans were very
strict and didn't tolerate other religions.
Thomas Hooker was the founder of Connecticut colony and a prominent puritan minister. His most famous sermon was on May 31, 1638 on Principles
of Government. This influenced the fundamentals of government in 1639. Roger Ludlow wrote most of the fundamentals of government,

Holland Christian Schooling Report
To start the story of my religious upbringing I have to go as far back as I know, with my great grandpa. My great grandpa grew up in the region of
Holland in the Netherlands. In the year 1919, when he was nine years old, he came to America with his family. They settled in Holland, Michigan
where my family has remained. Holland, Michigan was founded not too long before that, in 1847. Holland was founded by Dutch Calvinist separatists
who were led by Albertus VanRaalte. VanRaalte intended to purchase land in Wisconsin, but an early winter delayed the group and they ended up
hearing about available land in west Michigan. Dutch immigrants, like my great grandpa and his family, moved to America, and more specifically to
west Michigan because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was blessed to be able to go through such a good school system. Some people complained about going to a private, Christian school, but I really
enjoyed it. I do wonder sometimes though what it would have been like to go through public schooling and if that would have changed how I am today.
I think the strong morals and values I hold today were largely created by my upbringing. But, I do think I used to simply claim to be a Christian because
of my family. If my parents are Christian that must mean I'm a Christian, right? Going to college made me realize that my faith is something that I have
to make my own. My faith is not necessarily my parents' faith. I have to make a decision on what I believe and what I stand for, separate from my
family. I remember that around the age of 14 I started to feel distant from God and was not very strong in my faith. Throughout high school I think I
had different points of feeling "spiritual highs," but felt like my faith was lukewarm. Today, I think I am starting to separate my parent's faith from my
own, and starting to make it mine. I feel like this is something everyone has to do at some point in their life. In the past year, and in the past couple
months especially, I have had a stronger relationship with God. I definitely don't feel "strong" in my faith, but I feel like I am growing spiritually. I
think being here and the

John Henry Livingston Influence On Religion
Besides being known as the Father of the Reformed Church in America, the resolver of the Coetus vs. Conferentie dispute, the instituter of the Union of
Articles to provide education for colonial clergy, and the founder of New Brunswick Theological Seminary, John Henry Livingston is also known as the
father of the modern missionary movement (By Grace Alone, 81). Livingston helped a young RCA denomination establish itself and wade through
some challenging theological positions (The Dutch Reformed Church in the American Colonies, 207–209). During Livingston's time, it was the middle
of the Second Great Awakening and an evangelical pietism was filling the churches across the colonial seafront (Word and World, 16–17). Livingston,
too, resonated with this individualism since he found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being far more consistent than Frelinghuysen, Livingston espoused millennial views which echo a hope that Christians can bring the return of Christ
before the year 2000 (A People in Mission, 1–8). Livingston, in his 1804 sermon The Everlasting Gospel, preaches on the Great Fall of Babylon and the
apocalyptic doom that could follow. By proselytizing to the world the good news of the Gospel, this apocalypticism can be avoided. Livingston
believed that once the entire globe heard the Gospel, the church would enter into the millennial reign (Word and World, 18). Livingston, in his sermon,
goes so far as to say that it is the Christian's duty to live out the Great Commission to foreign lands. But the millennial reign will come about if the
church is not being pious; therefore, the church must stress moral and social order–essential piety–so that Jesus will return (Word and World, 112–113).
Livingston is known for believing America to be a City on a Hill which, in her pious wisdom, could oversee all foreign mission and evangelize the

How Significant was the Reformed Faith to the Success of...
The Dutch Revolt of the sixteenth century, was a conflict between the Protestant Low countries, and the Catholic Spanish Empire. This resulted in the
division of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands, and eventually the formation of the Dutch Republic. This struggle culminated into a Religious
split. The Dutch speaking north were tolerant to various religious affiliations, whereas, the French and Walloon South, remained loyal to Philip II, and
were predominantly Catholic. In order to determine the significance of Reformed faith in the success of the Dutch Revolt, interpretations from both
Peter Griel and Wallace will be explored. Additionally, social, economic and political factors will be considered, in order to determine their ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, another fundamental factor is introduced, that of centralisation and the independence of the individual provinces. Furthermore, Philip II, was a
conservative Catholic. His policies to acquire religious uniformity such as his edicts and the Inquisition, led to persecution of heretics, This religious
suppression resulted in further aggravation in relations. The Count of Egmont and the Prince of Orange emerged as the leaders of the opposition
On 5th April 1566, The petition of compromise was presented to Margaret of Parma,by William of Orange,who was accompanied by approximately
200 armed men. The petition requested that Philip put a stop to religious persecutions in the Netherlands, which were implemented through the edicts
and the inquisition.This document makes clear that inquisitions had not been adjusted since Charles reign, and that now they were presented with
different times things had changed. Here, seems to indicate the introduction of Reformed Faith and ideas entering the Netherlands, had some impact of
some kind. The petition warns Philip of the situation, and presents the concerns of the nobility, which is primarily that of their own interests, being their
property. Religion is not emphasised significantly. The consequences of a revolt would be detrimental to the nobles as they would be unable to protect
their lands. Additionally, fears of slanderous testimony been given about them, purely

Americ A Great Success For The Europeans
Settling America was a great success for the Europeans, but not Native Americans. The New World gave many a chance to move up in the social order
and seek religious freedom. The poor were given an opportunity to trade their labor for passage over as indentured servants and even some women
gained the right to conduct business and own property. Unfortunately Europe 's gain harmed the Native Americans greatly. Their population was
decimated and they were pushed from their homes to make room for new settlers. Though many benefitted, many were also harmed. Unlike most of
history, colonization helped many women gain more rights and respect. In order to have an equal gender ratio, England sent "tobacco wives" (women
sent to marry men in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After they had served out their contract they would be given freedom dues, land and money, for their service. With that they were able to start their own
farms and families and gain success. The failing Economy of Europe was an important deciding factor for many colonizing the new world. Spanish
settlements were primarily for finding precious metals and other resources to send back to Spain, using Indian labor for mining and anything else that
needed to be done. Most countries were looking for gold or resources to send back home. Colonies in the West Indies and South Carolina grew sugar,
other colonies grew tobacco. Due to that, they needed more labor for their plantations, giving the opportunity to more people to come over. Virginia had
lumber, which was used to build ships, which were used to send other goods back to England. America became essential to international trade, and even
had trade agreements with the Indians, which was one of the time they did benefit from colonization. More so than economic reasons, religion was the
number one push factor for many to move to America. Whether it was to spread their religion or for religious freedom, they were given the opportunity
to do both. The Puritans came to America for both those things. They wanted to spread Protestantism among the natives, but their own reformed
version, which they were persecuted for in England. They created a society based on Puritanism, with the Church being the center of their

My Life And Life Of A Missionary
I look back on my life and realize what a turbulent time I have lived through. Through all of this religious turmoil and political strife I have not lost my
faith. I am Yann Allaman and I was born in 1560 in Geneva. I am the only son of my two beloved parents and ever since I was young I knew that I
wanted to be a missionary. I am blessed to have been born into a Calvinist family, so that I could have been raised according to God's law. Throughout
my life I have spread this religion to as many heretics as possible. Because of my devotion I began my preaching in Geneva, then I traveled to Kampan
in the revolting Dutch provinces to spread God's word there, and finally I have settled in New Amsterdam, and continue to preach this very day, 1632.
This memoir will not specifically be about Calvinism since I have already written down my treatise in another text. It will be about my travels
throughout Europe and what I have seen. Geneva is the heart of Calvinism and where I was born, so I do have a special connection to it. When I was
growing up in Geneva we had the perfect kind of governance in which the church leaders tried their best to insure that the conduct of God's people in
Geneva was holy and righteous "with Calvin's guidance, Geneva's government became a theocracy" (Cole & Symes) . Therefore people were prevented
from consuming alcohol, dancing, card playing, and more; in order to purify the town. My father was a minister in the Consistory and was very pious,
so he

Causes Of Religious Freedom In The New England Colonies
Religious freedom varied from what colony you lived in. All of the colonies in the regions had to deal with religious problem, whether it be persecution
or being removed from that colony. Some people had the religion/religious freedom they wanted. However, the Middle Colonies had a lot of religious
toleration while the New England Colonies had very little toleration. Therefore some people did get the freedom they wanted, but it varied from where
they lived and who they were. The New England region consist of the four colonies Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.
The first colony found out of these four was Massachusetts. It was found in 1620. It was led by William Bradford. The second colony to be found was
New Hampshire. It was found in 1629 by Captain John Mason. The third one was Connecticut. The Connecticut colony was founded in 1635 by
Thomas Hooker. Last but not least is Rhode Island. It was found in 1636 by Roger Williams. The Pilgrims wanted to create an Anglican utopia. Other
religions besides Puritanism was not allowed except for in Rhode Island. People who were not Puritans lost voting rights and were required to pay taxes
to support the Congregational Church. The Mayflower Compact was created in 1620. The Mayflower Compact was meant to be a contract not just
between the colonist, but between themselves and God. Part of the Mayflower compact says, "In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are
underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread

My Personal Statement On My Life
For as long as I can remember, I was told I could do anything I put my mind to if I was willing to put forth the effort. My parents played the essential
role of providing resources that would instill a good work ethic and passion in me. While my options are limitless, I have spent most of my academic
career preparing me for a future in scientific research and academia. Enumerable factors have molded me into the passionate person that I am today, so
the answer to "Who are you?" is not simple but is rather a culmination of life experiences.
I learned the values of respect, honor, and drive from both my biological family and my church family. I grew up going to Sunday school in the
Episcopal Church where I learned what it meant to have morals and how to be an all–around decent human being. At home, my parents taught me
similar values and lead by example while explaining the importance of kindness towards others. Growing up in the Episcopal Church has grounded me
in such a way that I can find a home and family anywhere in the world simply by finding a church with the iconic red doors. My spirituality and
dedication to service formed me into a caring person who can never say no to someone in need. The church has always been my outlet where I can find
peace and serenity, so in return I dedicate my time to giving back in honor of all it has provided for me. The Youth Service Organization (YSO) at my
home church taught me the benefits of giving back to a community who gives

The Chart Above Displays The Known Ancestors Of John...
The chart above displays the known ancestors of John Bigony Rex. The Bigony, Rex, Knauss and Tibben lines reaches the furthest back in time to
European births in the 1600 's. The circles represent roots of the American dream, when men and women alike risked all to journey across an ocean to a
distant land called America. It was a time of kings, war and persecution. Our brave forefathers were farmers, blacksmiths, fishermen and laborers.
Regardless of their humble start, they became the building blocks for what will become a shining beacon of hope that transformed our world. John
Bigony Rex grew up with the fading grandchildren of a group of Revolutionary War soldiers in Roxborough Pa. during the 1870 's. Stories of William
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Henry Tibben represented hundreds of farmers growing up along the Dutch and German border in independent Bentheim county. He firmly believed
that hard work, religious freedom and the spirit of man could create a superior world for all people. To that aim, he took full advantage of his schooling,
mastering not only reading, but writing and accounting. Optimism filled his soul like the fresh paintings hanging in the museums. He expected the
future will harbor better things than just quiet farming. In that spirit, he never accepted the limits of digging peat or milking cows, or practicing a
religion he did not profess to. His exploring mind always asked questions, often to the annoyance of his mentors, building a dream for himself and his
descendants that only America could foster. A test of Henry 's grit came during the 1670 's when a dark spirit spread across Holland. French King Louis
sent legions of horses, cannons and nights across the Rhine River into the flat, peat fields of the Dutch frontier. Other Catholic allies soon joined in the
rampage, sending Protestants into a panic. Rape, pillaging and infernos followed their movement north toward the Tibben farm; the unprepared Dutch
armies retreated or surrendered. His Dutch neighbors called 1672 the "The Year of Disaster." The Tibbens worshiped in a church that many Catholic
leaders despised, The Dutch Reform Church. The Tibben farm resided along the Dutch and

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