The document discusses various challenges related to infection control and prevention. It highlights that infections remain a major threat to life despite medical advances. Developing countries face higher rates of morbidity and mortality from infections due to issues like illiteracy and poverty. With the misuse of antibiotics and poor hygiene, healthcare-associated infections have also become a threat in developed nations. The document emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling of needles and waste, and universal precautions to prevent the spread of infections. It stresses that infection control is a responsibility of all healthcare workers.

1. INFECTION CHALLENGES AHEAD? Dr.T.V.Rao MD

2. INFECTION IS GREAT THREAT TO LIFE
The great threat to Life is Infection in spite of many Medical advances
The Morbidity and Mortality in Developing countries is much higher many patients are illiterate and poor, so really we do not work on this area as there is no Accountability
With advances and use misuse of Antibiotics, unhygienic practices lead to spread of Hospital acquired infectionshave become a threat even in Developed countries

4. Life is experience start learningThe TIME IS TICKING

5. My Friends we are moving from Microbiology to Infection

6. Transmission of Infections
Infections can be transmitted through a variety of routes from one part of your body to another, or from person to person, from the environment, food or even animals. People can become infected by contact… touching something or someone; by breathing something in or by swallowing something, or infections can be introduced through a cut or wound

7. Do we Spread Infections?
Despite our best intentions, health professionals sometimes act as vectors of disease, disseminating new infections among their unsuspecting clients. Attention to simple preventive strategies may significantly reduce disease transmission rates

8. Infection a threat to Life
Modern medicine has led to dramatic changes in infectious diseases practice. Vaccination and antibiotic therapy have benefited millions of persons. However, constrained resources now threaten our ability to adequately manage threats of infectious
1 Influenza
2 Tuberculosis

9. WHO IS INCHARGE OF INFECTION
Infection control programmes are cost- effective, but their implementation is often hindered by a lack of support from administrators and poor compliance by doctors, nurses, and other health workers. Some health professionals suffer from the “Omo syndrome”—a belief that they are always super clean and sterile

10. MOST LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS CAN BE PREVENTED - RARELY CURED
Just think How much we can cure these Infections
Hepatitis B and C
HIV Infection
Influenza
Today EBOLA

11. ARE OUR HANDS CLEAN JUSTNO
The hands of staff are the commonest vehicles by which microorganisms are transmitted between patients. Hand washing is accepted as the single most important measure in infection

12. Hand washing
The hands of staff are the commonest vehicles by which microorganisms are transmitted between patients Hand washing is accepted as the single most important measure in infection control

13. When should you wash your hands?
Before eating food
Before and after caring for someone who is sick
Before and after treating a cut or wound
After using the toilet
After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing

14. How should you wash your hands?
Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap.
Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer?
Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.
Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.

15. Steps in Hand Washing

16. What to Use for Hand Washing
Alcoholic hand disinfection is generally used in Europe, while hand washing with medicated soap is more commonly practised in the United States.

17. What is the Best Soap to wash Hands

18. Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective against most bacteria and many viruses than either medicated or non-medicated soaps

19. CAN I USE THE ALCHOOL HAND WASH
Require less time to use
Result in a significantly greater reduction in bacterial numbers than soap and water in many clinical situations
Cause less irritation to the skin
Can be made readily accessible to HCWs
Are more cost effective

20. Gloves
Gloves are a useful additional means of reducing nosocomial infection, but they supplement rather than replace hand washing. Possible microbial contamination of hands and transmission of infection has been reported despite gloves being worn.

21. Masks
It has never been shown that wearing surgical facemasks decreases postoperative wound infections. When originally introduced, the primary function of the surgical mask was to prevent the migration of microorganisms residing in the nose and mouth of members of the operating team to the open wound of the patient.

22. USED SYRINGE AND NEEDLE A threat to Life
The important pathogens to be considered in this situation are hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV .It is essential that the health care provider be knowledgeable about the risks of acquisition of these viruses following needle stick injuries, and the recommendations for management and follow-up. it is prudent to assume that the needle may have been contaminated with one or more of these viruses.

23. DO NOT PLAY WITH NEEDLES
WHO reports in the World Health Report 2002, that of the 35 million health-care workers, 2 million experience percutaneous exposure to infectious diseases each year. It further notes that 37.6% of Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in Health-Care Workers around the world are due to needle stick injuries

24. DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES
Needle stick injuries are a common event in the healthcare environment. These injuries also commonly occur during needle recapping and as a result of failure to place used needles in approved sharps containers

25. Dealing with Needle Stick Injuries
Encourage bleeding at the site of puncture
Wash the wound
Do not scrub the wound while you're washing it. This can make the injury worse.
Never try to suck the wound
Dry and cover the wound. Use a sterile material to dry the wound and immediately cover the wound with a waterproof plaster or dressing.

26. Dealing with Simple Wounds A primary concern
Dealing with Trivial injuries without any Infection control precautions can be Dangerous
1 Gas gangrene,
2 Tetanus
3 Cellulitis
4 Wound infection with Staphylococcus

27. Dealing with Burn Wounds A primary concern

28. Primary care in handling wounds makes the difference

29. Cut injury Looks simple but Infections can make difference

30. Hospital Acquired InfectionsThreat to Life and Reputation of the Hospital
An infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections among staff of the facility

32. Hospital Acquired Infections

33. Behavioural Changes
Previous studies have shown that the traditional approach of lecture-base education alone does not result in meaningful behavioural changes. Rather it is thought that a blended learning approach, with particular focus on the small group format is important.

34. WHOSE BUSINESS IS INFECTION CONTROL?

35. WHO IS INCHARGE OF INFECTION CONTROL ?

36. WE ARE ALL RESPONSIBLE

37. The 10 standard infection control precautions are
1 Hand Hygiene
2. Personal Protective Equipment
3. Respiratory and Cough Hygiene
4. Management of Blood and Body Fluid Spillage
5. Occupational Exposure Management

38. The 10 standard infection control precautions are
7. Management of Care Equipment
8. Providing Care in the Most Appropriate Place
9. Management of Linen
10. Safe Management of Waste

39. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Use Universal Precautions. Universal precautions is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens,

40. Start Practising Hand HygieneTODAY IS A GOOD BEGINNING
You may need to wash your hands a number of times throughout your working day –pause now and think of 5 occasions where you may need to wash your hands.

41. ARE THE FLOWERS SAFE IN THE HOSPITAL?

42. Never Forget Manners makes a lot of Difference
Medical profession has been dealing with the repercussions of “bad bedside manner” for years, and anyone who’s been to the hospital recently can tell you there has been a marked change in the way that medical staff interact with patients.
The incorporation of empathy skills into medical school and residency.

43. My Friends our Patients are not lifeless objects Keep them in good Humour

44. MEDICINE IS CHANGING FROM TRADATIONAL TO MODERN METHODS

45. ADVICE FROM MY TEACHRS

46. SOCIAL MEDIA AND INFECTION
The Facebook and Twitter are well connected with issues on Infection
Can be connected with me if you have any clarification you reach me Rao’s Infection care on FACEBOOK

48. Program Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Junior Residents for effective implementation of basic skills in Infection prevention Practices
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Email
doctortvrao@gmail.com