bacteriophage

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Innocent bacteria cells Phages that were just released and ready to attack!

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Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and virus-like agents. It focuses on the following aspects of viruses: their structure, classification and evolution, their ways to infect and exploit host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy. Virology is considered to be a subfield of microbiology or of medicine.

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Prions are infectious agents that is composed of single sialoglycoproteins called PrP 27-30. They do not have nucleic acids, instead they have amino acids which are 145. their mass is about 27000-30000 Da.Prions are caused due to misfolding of proteins , misfolding of proteins leads to the formation of various neurodegenerative diseases like kuru , Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), fatal famalia insomnia etc.The word prion was coined by Stanley B. Prusiner which means proteins and infection in simple words we can say that it is a disease caused due to misfolding of proteins. PrPsc or Prion protein scrapie is the misfolded form of protein which is responsible for causing this disease. it may be acquired or produced by altered PrPc genes.(Prion protein cellular). First the PrPsc reacts with PrPc on the cell surface and then PrPsc converts the cellular protein into scrapie form i.e PrPsc form. The new PrPsc is taken inside the cell by process called as endocytosis. inside the cell the PrPsc accumulates inside the endosomes. They continue to accumulate until the contents of the endosomes are transferred to lysosomes which results in the death of cell or cell death. viroids are plant pathogens. viroids were discovered and named by Theodor Otto Diener, plant pathologist at the Agricultural Research Service in Maryland, in 1971. viroids consist of 246-469 nucleotides. the first viroids were identified in potato. i.e potato spindle tuber viroids. Viriods multiply inside the nucleus of infected plant cell by “rolling circle” mechanism, using the host enzymes.Produce a long monomeric strand of RNA which are cut into monomers ,each monomers then join to form an individual circular viriod. After replication , the progeny RNAs move to neighbouring healthy cells though the connecting plasmodesmata or distinct parts of the plants through phloem.coconut cadang cadang disease which affects trees over 1 million coconut palms are killed by CCvd and over 30 million coconut palms are killed since cadang cadang has been discovered cadang cadang in bicol language means dying dying.. It was originally reported on San Miguel Island in the Philippines in 1927/1928. "By 1962, all but 100 of 250,000 palms on this island had died from the disease," indicating an epidemic. THANK YOU

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2. It is NOT a bacteria

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17. Innocent bacteria cells Phages that were just released and ready to attack!

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bacteriophage

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