medical uses and classification of vaccines ,

1. PBL-2

2.  To define vaccine
 To discuss classification of vaccine
 To know the role of vaccine in immune system.

3.  Immunobiological substance designed to produce specific
protection against given disease.
 Imparts active immunity ( Act as antigen which induce
production of specific antibody and or cell-mediated
immunity by recipient himself/herself)

4.  Live-attenuated vaccine
 Killed/ inactivated vaccine
 Toxoids
 Sub-unit vaccine
 Conjugate vaccine
 DNA vaccine
 Recombinant vector vaccine.

5.  Uses weakened/ attenuated form of germ that causes disease.
 Pathogenicity has been lost but immunogenicity is retained.
 Similar to natural infection that creates strong and long
lasting immune response.
 Just one or two doses of most live vaccine can give lifetime
protection against germ and disease.

6. Bacterial Viral
Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) Polymyelitic Oral Vaccine (OPV, Sabin)
Typhoid (oral) Mumps
Measles
Rubella
Varicella
Limitations
• Pregnancy
• Immuno compromised state or organ transplant

7.  Consists of microorganism killed by heat or chemicals.
 More stable and safer than live vaccines as dead microbes
can’t mutate back to cause disease.
 Doesn’t provide immunity as strong as live vaccines so
requires several doses over time (booster shots)
 Can be used in immuno compromised patient

8. Bacterial Viral
Typhoid-Paratyphoid (TAB) Poliomyelitis inactivated (IPV)
Vi Typhoid polysaccharide Rabies (Chick embryo cell)
Cholera Rabies (Human diploid cell)
Whooping cough (Pertusis) Rabies (Vero cell)
Haemophilus influenza type B Influenza
Plague Hepatities A & B

9.  Toxins produced by organisms are detoxified by treating
them with formalin- solution of formaldehyde and sterilized
water.
 Toxicity is lost but antigenicity is retained.
Example: Diphtheria, Tetanus

10.  Consists of only antigens instead of entire molecule.
 Contains 1 to 20 or even more antigen so is difficult for
immune system to identify.
 Example: HIV, Hepatitis B and C.

11.  Vaccines are made for bacteria which posses coating of
polysaccharide.
 Used in infants and children as their immune system can’t
recognize polysaccharide coated bacteria.
 Example: Hemophilus influenza type B, PCV

12.  Genes from microbes’ antigen are introduced into the body
 This microbial DNA instructs cell to synthesize Antigen
 Person’s own body becomes vaccine
 Example: Influenza & herpes

13.  Similar to DNA vaccines except use of vector.
 Also called chimeric vaccine as uses two or three recombined
vaccine.
 Example: Hepatitis B, Cholera

14.  Antigen stimulates number of macrophages, T-cell, B-cell and get phagocytosized by
antigen presenting cell
 By the help of MHC molecules, antigen are recognized by T-cell (MHC-I by CD8+ cell
and MHC-II by CD4+ cell)
 During MHC-I, CTL cell activated and produced CTL memory cell
 During MHC-II, B-cells activated and divided into antibodies producing plasma cell and
most important B memory cell
 Secondary immune response rapidly shown by body on the infection of pathogen
because of having memory cell.

15.  To prevent from infectious disease
 Reduce risk of epidemic in community
 For control, elimination and eradication of disease
 Cost effective

16.  Basic immunology- Abul K.Abbas
 Textbook of microbiology- Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s
 K.D. Tripathi Pharmacology
 Park’s Preventive and Social Medicine
 https://www.123rf.com/stock-
photo/vaccine_cartoon.html?sti=n569kt88a1y5l82xii|&mediapopup=82338742
 https://www.skepticalraptor.com/skepticalraptorblog.php/vaccine-medical-exemptions-
california-legislature/
 www.vaccines.gov

17. THANK YOU!!