slide menunjukkan bagaimana statemen bahwa suatu negara semakin kaya akan sumber daya alam, maka semakin miskin perkembangan ekonominya!

1. Back
to
Prosperity?
Nature
Back
to

2. SUDAN
RWANDA TUNISIA
SOMALIA
EGYPT
MAROCO
LIBYA
LIBYA

3. Virgil Hawkins, New World Maps, Stealth Conflicts, December 30, 2008
CONFLICT DEATHS

4. A
ASI

5. “ Approximately 790 million people in the developing world are still
chronically undernourished, almost two-thirds of whom
reside in Asia and the Pacific .”

6. 930 million without electricity

7. For the 1.9 billion children from
the developing world, there are:
640 million without adequate
shelter (1 in 3)
400 million with no access to
safe water (1 in 5)
270 million with no access to
health services (1 in 7)

8. At least 80%
of humanity
lives on less than
$10 a day

9. but those countries are suffering…
also having ABUNDANT natural resources

10. Africans
Diamonds Southeast Asians
Raw Materials Minerals
Wind
Wood
Sea Potentials Product 1/3 of world’s OIL
Metals iron
Spices
Middle Easts
Water
Agricultures
Coal
South Asians Fishes Gold
Forests
Natural Gas
Latin Americas

13. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
“products produced within a country’s border”
GDP = C + I + G + (X-M)
•C: Consumption
•I: Investment HUMAN
GOVERNMENT
•G: Government CAPITAL
•X-M: Net Export
FOREIGNERS CIVIL

14. POLITICAL STABILITY GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS
ACCOUNTABILITY REGULATORY QUALITY
QUALITY
CONTROL OF CORRUPTION
institutional
GOVERN
MENT Limi (2007) & Kolstad (2009)

19. Interaction
between rent Natural
GDP flows
seeking firms Resource Curse
negatively
and corrupt appears
government

20. Natural Resource (meningkat), Risk of War (Meningkat),
And Conflict will be existing when government quality
Performs negative, Collrer & Hoeffler (1998)

21. Start of Conflict War/Conflict Location Cumulative
Fatalities
1991 Somalia Civil War Somalia 300.000-400.000
2003 Iraq War Iraq 1.455.590
2011 Yemen Uprising Yemen 1.782
2011 Syrian Uprising Syria 4.200
1969 Papua Conflict Indonesia 400.000
2004 South Thailand Thailand 4.100
Insurgency
2011 South Sudan Border Sudan 125.600
Clashes
and much more…

23. Natural Resource has negative
relationship with Human Capital
development
HUMAN CAPITAL
& AND NATURAL RESOURCE

24. When natural resource is higher,
cost of schooling comes higher and higher…
WHY???
to create cheap labors used for resource exploration!!!

25. Civilians in resource-rich countries with less than
a high school are still NUMBER ONE

26. unicef, 2010 South Asia
Eastern Latin America
& Southern Africa
RICH BUT UNEDUCATE

27. free
&
TRADE
invest
MENT

28. openness
in trade in natural resource country with weak institution
may harm the economic growth
Grossman (2002)

29. Limiting education on the population
to create cheap labor
to attract international investors

30. MAP OF FREE TRADE

32. We verify that
countries with firms that enjoy higher rents tend to have
higher corruption level, therefore, institutional quality can be a channel
through which resource abundance hurts economic growth
Kami memverifikasi bahwa
negara dengan perusahaan-perusahaan yang menikmati
sewa yang lebih tinggi cenderung memiliki
tingkat korupsi yang lebih tinggi, oleh karena itu,
kualitas kelembagaan mendapat aliran keuntungan
dari kelimpahan sumber daya menyakitkan
pertumbuhan ekonomi

33. Natural Resource has negative effect
on economic growth when there is no control for political stability,
government effectiveness, regulatory quality,
rule of law and democracy
Sumber Daya Alam memiliki efek negatif
pada pertumbuhan ekonomi bila tidak ada kontrol untuk
stabilitas politik, pemerintah efektivitas, kualitas peraturan,
supremasi hukum dan demokrasi

34. Kasus ‘Perilaku Pemerintah’ yang menyimpang
maka giliran anda
adalah sesuatu yang dinilai awet, untuk
menemukan ide agar suatu negara dapat bebas dari cengkraman ancaman
sumber daya alam dan pemerintah