Cultural Safety In Australia

Cultural Safety In Australia
Master of Nursing Science
University of Melbourne
Foundation of Nursing NURS90066
Student Id: 970109
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences
Subject Coordinator: Mrs Kristen Bakker
Test Teacher: Mr Thomas Mathew, Mrs Bronwyn Tarrant
In today's era, cultural safety is the principal subject involved in nursing practice. Culture is defined
as a group of people of different origins, values, languages they speak, spiritual beliefs and many
more. Unsafe cultural practice consists of any action which destroys or deteriorate the overall health
and cultural identity of a person or individual. Many factors which influence cultural safety are
cultural, socio–economic, political, historical, emotional, which potentially affect the indigenous
Australians should be taken into account by service care providers to provide best ... Show more
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population across different parts of Australia have lower life
expectancy than mainstream Australians (approximately 10 years difference in lifespan between
indigenous and non–indigenous people). Late diagnosis of disease is the most prominent, with many
indigenous people entering the end or terminal phase of illness before it is diagnosed (Williams,
2016). The colonisation of Australia had a catastrophic effect on Torres islander or Aboriginal
people. Behrendt, L, (2012) states that in 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip and other 1500 civilians,
marines and crew arrived at Sydney. After 10 years of their arrival, Australia's indigenous population
reduced by 90 percent. Three main reasons for this drastic decline in number were violent conflicts
between colonisers, the introduction of new diseases and other civilians or non–native population
acquire the large proportion of indigenous lands. Moreover,
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Australian Aviation Regulations Essay
1. Introduction The Australian Aviation Regulations have a long history since 1920. The aviation
regulator have the mission to create a safer airspace in Australia. The regulations and act nowadays
are more mature compared to the old days as the aviation regulator always keep up to date, review
and make amendment for the regulations and act. All these effort of the aviation regulator makes the
aviation safety in Australia reach to a higher standard.
2. History
After World War 1, there is a lot of skilled pilots and aircraft is imported back to Australia. At that
time, there was no regulations restricting the aviation industry and people fly aircraft whenever they
want. This situation maintained until 1920 when the Australia Government established the Air
Navigation Act 1920 and was approved by the Parliament. This Act was established by the Australia
Government to response to the International Convention for the Regulation of Aerial Navigation
which was held in Paris in October 1919 [1]. On 28 March 1921, the Air Navigation Act 1920 came
into force and the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of Defence was established to supervise
the Act and Regulation. The Civil Aviation Branch have a rapid growth after it was established and
this lead to two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, these regulations also act as a standard for the aviation regulators to issue certificates,
licences, registrations and permits that is related to the aviation industry. This is to ensure that the
particular holder meets the safety requirement in all the aspect that is included in the regulations and
hence, making the airspace safer. To maintain high standard of aviation safety, safety education and
training programs should be provided by the aviation regulators

Security In Australia
Introduction.
Crime, violence and safety are issues that concern the whole world; the increase in crime is a social
phenomenon of great momentousness where victims are usually citizens. On many occasions of
daily life, people find different concepts of the word "Security", being undoubtedly well known
related to crime, but the rightful concept can be defined as absence of risk or confidence in
something or someone. However, the term may take different meanings depending on the area or
field to which it refers, generally Security means "The state of well–being that humans perceive and
enjoy". (Wikipedia, 10 February 2018).
When people cannot find their state of well–being such as security, they decide to fulfil their
necessities in other countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Question 3 represents the opposite, where 40% of the participants chose option Regard with number
4 there was an increase with option C. Where in number 5 there was a slight increase in option B
and A while there was a decrease with option C. The question number 6 try to analyze what is
missing in the safety system for students in this case the option B had the highest rat of percentage
which is saving them from exploitation in anything. So here the question 7 which is obviously
should be about how is responsible about this weak of safety the it was undoubtedly the answer
would be the government. Therefore the government has a duty must do it in order to help students
live in peace in this purpose the question 8 was what the government do, here the confuse the
participants a little bit where some say that it should gave them more facilities and offer, on the
another hand some say that it should put more taxes and the plenty be stronger, but we should be fair
and aware that the government doesn't the one who is responsible on safety and also the students
them also responsible on that, how can the students help the government in that this question
number 9 where the rate of chosen the options was logic firstly almost all students respect

Alcans Azustralia Limited Leadership Essay
(Case Study Report)
Case Study: Alcan Australia Limited
Prepared by
Executive summary
In the modern era to be one in its own and to be global leading firm, not only huge investments and
large infrastructure required, along with these there is a great need of perfect, efficient and effective
leadership, leadership programs and motivational skills. These entire together make a firm more
innovative and perfectly sound .The example is here Alcan's Australia Limited which is a mixture of
all these skills and effective operations and today, a Australian leading company.
Questions
1. What do you believe were the key reasons for the success of the Alcan's leadership training ...
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Empower employees to achieve – It involves: * Setting specific, measurable and challenging goals
that impact on all aspects of quality and effectiveness. * Setting and demonstrating high standards in
all aspects of the tasks to be completed. * Displaying faith in the ability of employees to effectively
carry out tasks and achieve goals.
3. Encourage participation and involvement – It involves * Holding regular meetings to discuss
team progress * Discussing work methods and approaches with subordinates * Seeking ideas and
opinions amongst team members * Team decision making.
4. Demonstrate empathy and provide support– It involve * Finding ways of making the job more
stimulating and interesting * Being personally supportive and helpful * Providing appropriate
resources and organisational support * Providing encouragement and increasing the self–esteem of
individual team members.
So in this case these four principles are applied in the company operations which prove to be very
successful for the company.
Maslow Hierarchy of needs

Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/hierarchyneeds.htm (19/08/09)
There are five different levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and some of these needs are seen here
in this case and these are: 1. Security Needs– These include needs for safety and security. Security
needs are important for

Food Security Regulations
There are different levels of regulations for food security in Australia such as Federal, State, and
local levels.
Definition
Food safety can be defined as a scientific regulation expressing treatment of food, its preparation,
transportation and most importantly its labeling and storage in ways that blocks foodborne virus.
This includes a number of practices that should be trailed to prevent possible food related health
hazards in all the ways.
Background
A Policy is signed by the Australia and New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council
(Ministerial Council) which is used by the statutory authority Food Standards Australia New
Zealand (FSANZ) to develop food standards for the Australia and New Zealand Food Standards
Code. (www.health.gov.au) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(http://www.health.gov.au/ )
Food Regulation Agreement's main aim is to provide safe food panels to protect public health and
safety; reduce the regulatory problems in the food business and provide economical compliance and
enforcement measures; provide a consistent regulatory approach across Australia; recognize that
food safety responsibility encompasses a variety of portfolios across all levels of government;
support the joint Australia and New Zealand efforts to harmonies food standards; and facilitate
harmonization of domestic and export standards and their harmonization with New Zealand and
other international standards.
Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) develops food standards in line with this policy,
which are then published in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. And this comes under
Federal Level
The Department of Agriculture administers relevant legislation at the border. All imported food must
meet Australian quarantine requirements (under the Quarantine Act) and is then subject to the
requirements of the Imported Food Control Act. Federal

Lord Fogarty Essay
The first poem I will be discussing is "Fellow Being" by Lionel Fogarty. Sound techniques such as
consonance are used in this poem to invite the reader to understand how Australia can function as an
unwelcoming home to the Indigenous Australians. Fogarty writes in the poem that "The kissing of
winds to trees are the love between aborigines". Through the repetition of the soft drawn out "s"
sound in the words "kissing" and "trees", the quality of the sound portrays a sense of love and safety.
Furthermore, the word "kissing", with its connotations of affection and love, and "trees" with its
inferences of freedom and life emphasises the connection indigenous Australians had with the old
Australia. The reminiscent style of the poem reveals the inhospitable nature of modern Australia
towards Aborigines.
Fogarty also uses image techniques such as metaphors to describe the interdependent nature of the
relationship the indigenous Australians had with the land. By emphasizing this important
relationship, Fogarty reveals the fractured bond that the white Australians forced upon the
Aborigines. The phrase "aboriginal is the bread" equates the indigenous ... Show more content on
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The use of consonance in this poem encourages the reader to view modern Australia as an
inhospitable home for indigenous Australians. Noonuccal describes the Aborigines as, 'A Semi–
naked band, subdued and silent'. The alliteration of the soft, drawn out "s" sound in the words
"subdued" and "silent" conveys to the reader an atmosphere of silence and forlorn resignation. In
particular, the word "subdued", with its connotations of unresponsiveness and being withdrawn,
further emphasises the conflict between the white and indigenous Australians. This conflict
ultimately separated the Aborigines from their land, resulting in Australia becoming a hostile home
for the original

Trade Between Australia and China
Many products we use today are made in China. Trade between Australia and China has heightened
in the last couple of years. China has one of the world's largest economies. It has an increasing role
in shaping the world economy, accounting for a third of the increase in the world's gross domestic
product and imports for the period 2000 to 2003 (The Economist 2004). It is also home to a
population of 1.3 billion inhabitants, consuming a variety of goods from food items to luxury
commodities, toys, clothing, gifts, most car parts and many more things Australia benefits from. For
non–agricultural goods, Australian import tariffs are generally low. The most notable exceptions are
on motor vehicles and textiles, clothing and footwear imports. ... Show more content on
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Labour costs are lower, and more importantly, labour is largely subservient.
In contrast, China's merchandise exports to Australia are mainly labour intensive manufactures, with
the major categories being textile, clothing and footwear products, as well as machinery and
electronics. Together these items amounted to $4 billion in 2003, around 70 per cent of China's
exports to Australia. China's gross domestic product has been growing annually at 7 per cent on
average over the past five years, reaching $6.4 trillion (in purchasing power parity index) in 2003 (
Anderson K., 1995). China's integration into the world economy through trade was one of the key
drivers of this strong economic growth. China has adopted measures to transform its economy from
a centrally planned system to a more market oriented one. These measures included the opening of
China's economy to world trade. Many of the Australian companies such as Black & Decker, makes
many of its power tools and locks in a factory it owns in Suzhou, outside Shanghai, and a separate
50/50 joint venture plant in Shenzhen, southern China's manufacturing boomtown. Ford Motor also
planned to buy up to $3 billion worth of auto parts from Chinese suppliers. Wal–Mart also spends
more than $18 billion annually on products made in China (D. Uren, The Australian News, 2008).
According to Baier, S.L. and Bergstrand, Chinese motorcycle manufacturers don't make huge

Code Of Professional Conduct For Nurses In Australia
Nurses practice in a safe and competent manner.
Nurses are personally accountable for the provision of safe and competent nursing care. (Code of
Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia). This means that it is the responsibility of a nurse to
maintain the competence which is required for the current practice. In the practitioner's case, her
performance was unsatisfactory especially in the use of medication, medication safety, and
intravenous medication administration. She had committed a lot of medication errors during her
employment with the hospital and the facility recorded "near miss" medication error as well. She
was poor in calculating the infusion rates and the amount to be diluted in the medicine.
Furthermore, she showed incapability in one of the emergency situations that took place in the ward.
She was able to press the emergency button during that time but failed to take any independent
nursing actions that could help the patient save his life. As a competent nurse, you should be able to
act promptly and think fast during an emergency situation. It is ... Show more content on
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The scopes mentioned referring to the education, knowledge, and extent of experience of a nurse.
The practitioner's background states that she finished Bachelor of Arts from the University of
Assumption in the Philippines. So she was not a registered nurse back in the Philippines before she
came to Australia. She didn't have any background or experience regarding nursing. She just took
her nursing course when she arrived in Australia and that may be a factor for her being incompetent
as a nurse. With regards to the emergency situation that arose, it was found out that the practitioner
had lack of pediatric experience which has been difficult for her to adjust to the pediatric care

Immigration Restriction Act In Australia Essay
The two main reasons to the passing of the Immigration Restriction Act was because of racism and
economic fears. The Immigration Restriction Act was also commonly known as the 'White
Australian Policy'. There is evidence of racism all throughout this time; most being towards the
Chinese and Aboriginal cultures. One reason that the immigration act was passed was because many
Australians were jealous or worried about the hard work that foreigner workforces were doing. The
white Australians were threatened by the fact that they could lose their jobs. A second reason for the
passing of the act was because they wanted to maintain 'racial purity'. The third reason is because of
the wellbeing of Australia, white Australians used this as an excuse. ... Show more content on
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This was for many reasons but one main reason being the fact that the whites could lose their
occupations and industries to a Chinese being, which were also known as coolies. Source 1 states
that some of the earliest evidence was during the gold rush during the 1850's, Chinese were hard
workers and needed to support their families and themselves. It also states in source 1 that South Sea
Island Islanders (commonly known as 'Kanakas') were imported as cheap labour to work in
Northern Queensland. This was so they could work on the sugar cane fields; the process is called
'black birding'. Source 7 shows that the origins that the Policy was built on was because of 'racial
exclusiveness' on the gold fields. The Dictation Test, as seen in source 5, was given to all non–
European people attempting to enter Australia in the years between 1901 and 1958. The test was
harsh and any foreigner who took the test was almost always set to fail. It was incredibly unfair to
the 'coolies' that were trying to enter. Another reason that the immigration act was passed was
because of 'racial

Essay On Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a very real and common health problem for Australians, with 2 in 3 developing this
deadly disease by the age of 70 (Lynch, 2006). "Due to the Australian climate and lifestyle, as well
as a predominantly fair skinned population, skin cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in
Australia," (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2000). For the most effective prevention
against skin cancer, it is recommended that a combination of sun safety measures are met; slip, slop,
slap, seek, slide (Slip on sun protective clothing, slop on water resistant SPF30+ sunscreen, slap on
a hat, seek shade, slide on sunglasses), (Preventing Skin Cancer, 2017). By simply reducing
recreational sun exposure, the risk of developing melanoma – ... Show more content on
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Adolescents are failing to demonstrate sun safety practices to reduce their risk of getting skin cancer.
A survey completed by 75 students at Ipswich Girls' Grammar School aged 14–16 years showed that
only 12% of students always apply sunscreen whilst in the sun (Find survey results in Appendix).
This is a surprising figure, considering 95% of the students surveyed have been educated on the
importance and consequences regarding sun safety. To ensure that the message of sun safety is
successfully brought to the attention of adolescents, a new campaign must be implemented, targeting
teens by ensuring that it is equitable and caters for diversity within the community.
EVALUATION
"One of the most successful health campaigns in Australia 's history was launched in 1981, when a
cheerful seagull in board shorts, t–shirt and hat danced his way across our TV screens singing the
jingle." (Sun Smart, 2017). The "Slip, Slop, Slap" campaign encouraged Australians to protect their
skin whilst in the sun, and raised this awareness through the use of a catchy song. Population health
expert David Whiteman led a study of six populations with moderate to high melanoma incidence,
finding that Australia was the only one of the six whose melanoma rates decreased around the time
of the Slip, Slop, Slap campaign. Although it cannot be proven that this decrease of

The Health Care : Australia And The Philippines
INTRODUCTION The law creates the order in the health care system structure. To maintain the
order, strict regulation must be adhered. To follow ethical principles, living with guidelines is also a
necessity. To uphold the quality of care and ethical considerations in nursing, mandatory policies
should be legalised. Therefore, it is vital that health care professionals are deemed competent and
qualified. Registered Nurses in Australia are regarded as experts in their area of specialisation.
Being reputable in global health care, Australia's hospitals and aged care facilities such as the Alpine
Health is designed to be utilising state–of–the–art facilities. The first part of the essay intends to
discuss the effects of the health care ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regulatory Impacts in Australian Health Care The system of health care in Australia is
multidimensional and is regulated by regulating bodies. The national body for all health
practitioners is the Australian Health Practitioner Agency (AHPRA) which manages all health
boards including Nursing (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council, 2014). The
Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council ANMAC (2014) identified the nursing and
midwifery issues involving the registering nursing and midwifery practitioners and students that are
dealt by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). Some of these issues are the
handling notifications, complaints, investigations and disciplinary hearings as well as developing
standards and guidelines for the nursing and midwifery profession. In addition, ANMAC accredits
and monitors all educational programmes that can lead to registration of nurses in Australia
(ANMAC, 2014). A single National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (National Scheme) was
established by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) for registered health practitioners.
The National Scheme is implemented by the National Boards that is supported by AHPRA. Several
professions are currently regulated by a matching National Board, such as the nurses, midwives and
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health practitioners (AHPRA, 2016). According to
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2007, health, safety and welfare of employees and

Investing Of Better Health And Safety Systems
Investing in better health and safety systems requires a 'business case' to be made (Gahan,
Sievewright and Evans, 2014). The business case seeks to establish whether investment in better
health and safety systems can provide a net economic legal, or benefit to business, irrespective of
whether such investments might also be able to generate net benefits that directly accrue to
individual workers, the business overall or the community at large (Work Safe Australia, 2014).
This essay defines what is a business case and this management tool can be used to ensure health
and safety objectives are met and integrated within a business. It outlines the requirement for a
health and safety business case and puts forth evidence gathered from a ... Show more content on
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The business case may also put forward alternative solutions and identifies assumptions (State of
Victoria, 2010).
The focus of the business case and the level of detail required in a business case will depend on the
size of the business, the impact to the business and the proposal itself (State of Victoria, 2010).
Health and safety is usually seen a as cost or overhead rather than an improvement to productivity or
increase in profit, therefore a health and safety business case is usually based upon one the
following justifications: legal, financial or strategic (Work Safe Australia, 2014).
Requirement for a health and safety business case
As stated there is a tendency in industry to perceive resources dedicated to health and safety systems
as expenditures rather than investments with improvements in health and safety beyond those
required to meet compliance obligations often delayed. Quality systems are easier to justify. It also
remains difficult to convince management of the benefits of investing in health and safety systems
because of a tendency to overestimate the costs associated with implementation and undervalue the
costs associated with system failure (Gahan et al., 2014; Work Safe

Examples Of Code Of Ethics In Nursing Practice
I am going to expand upon Astha Regmi's comment about professional codes and guidelines in
Nursing Practice. I have chosen it because in her writing she has mentioned about professional
conduct, code of ethics, its purpose in the nursing career and some of the essential guidelines for
applying these ethics in the field of nursing.
Professional conduct is the reference point on the basis of which the acceptable manner has to be
portrayed by the professional person. Regardless of their job title, position or place of work, a
person needs to act and carry his responsibility in a professional way. (CFA, June 2014). Code of
ethics is a written document which contains a bunch of criterion, values, laws and principles which
will be helpful in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A nurse who is knowledgeable and is sensitive to gather all these information will be able to convey
a qualitative nursing care. Every individual nurse is accountable to provide quality care as well as
promoting the care to uplift the standard of nursing care. The initial assessment of patient
requirements, preferences, their values, and beliefs need to be done. Accordingly, care has to be
planned and implemented. (Australia, Aug 2008).
Appropriate recording and reporting are also fundamental in promoting quality care. Care will be
more effective if provided collectively as a team. Providing care is one duty but side by side equal
priority should be in maintaining and following own ethics and principles. This is how sustainable
and appropriate care can be administered which will further contribute to maintaining dignity and
integrity of the profession. (Lachman, 2009)
 Nurses need to value respect and kindness for self and

Cultural Safety In Indigenous Australia
Three Wiki assignments helped to correct misunderstanding and lack of knowledge about
indigenous people and culture; moreover, it was time to think about how cultural safety could affect
nursing practice.
Cultural Safety
Williams (1999, p. 213) states that cultural safety is a safe environment for people; that is, respect
and understand others, and share their knowledge and experiences through truly listening. AIDA
(2013) explains why cultural safety is important for indigenous people. Aboriginal peoples
experience discrimination and racism in many ways especially health service; however, cultural
safety help to close the gap between indigenous Australian and non– indigenous Australian (AIDA
2013). Cultural awareness is first step to understand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, fully understand of cultural safety (Gerlach et al. 2015, p. 22).
Stolen generation
The Australian government has created and implemented many policies to create a united White
Australia until the 1960s. Most significant history issue is 'Stolen generation', which was
implemented from 1910 to the late 1970s. This policy is serious trauma to all generations of
Aboriginal peoples and still effect on them (Korff 2017b; Murphy 2011, p. 482). Many assimilation
policies have focused a great deal on children because the government thought that children could
easily adapt white culture. The children who were taken live in missionary camp or some children
were adopted by European family. They learned Western culture and English forcefully, and the
government tried to get rid of indigenous culture from them. In addition, they banned children from
using their traditional songs or languages. In fact, children who have been educated so long time
have forgotten all about the indigenous cultures and language (Australians togetherr n.d.). Stolen
children and their families are still struggle with past mismanagement and discrimination;

International Student Safety In Australia Essay
Introduction
Australia is a country that has the perception of being safe. In some risk measurement pages (such as
SafeAround), is considered a very safe country, where crimes rates are very low, although very few
travellers will be victims of crime there might be some risk petty theft and and the most commons
dangers are natural hazards and dangerous animals. (2017 SafeAround.com). For international
students the risk and the reasons may be different.
The international students as fee paying customers of education and training services has been a key
strategy in education reform measures in Australia, which has had the aim of expanding education
and training and establishing this as an export industry. For that reason the number of international
students has grown rapidly (see chart) and their safety and have been the focus of increasing
attention. In 2008, there were 435,263 international students living in Australia, and the country
ranked fifth amongst OECD recipients of international higher education students, after the US, ...
Despite the security environment of Australia, they can suffer risk like exploitation by employers,
fraud by migration agents, racial violence, unsafe accommodation, etc., and now the question of
international student safety and the public debate about the nature of crime against international
students now rank high on the public agenda and therefore is an urgent need to investigate so that
police, public transport providers, government departments and education institutions can respond
appropriately. (Victoria University, 2010).
Methodology
A questionnaire with multiple choice was made to 10 international students of the Torrens
University of different nationalities to know the perception that they have about the security in

Needle Sharps Injury Research Paper
The research question/Statement Needle Sharps injuries (NSI) in Australia. How can safety practices
be improved to reduce injury to healthcare providers. Why is this relevant to contemporary health
care? Sharps injuries (mainly needlestick), carry the risk of serious infections. Healthcare providers
are exposed to dangerous and potentially life–threatening infections. Most needlestick injuries
together with other sharps injuries remain largely preventable. Sharps injuries remain an important
area of study since it affects a large number of healthcare providers. According to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 385,000 needlesticks injuries occur yearly in
hospital–based environment's (Wilburn, 2004). The utilization of an apparatus with safety made
protective attributes, mandated in the United States in year 2000 has been led to decreased rates of
needlestick injuries (Battles, Keyes & Grady, 2008). However, Australia remains the only nation
with well developed infection prevention and control systems ... Show more content on
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In the year 2006, the estimated cost of NSIs in Australia's acute care set was estimated at $520 (NSI
low risk). The occurrence of the incidence were broken down as follows, 42 percent injuries for
nurses, 40 percent injuries to physicians and 18 percent injuries other healthcare providers and
workers (Draft, 2010). The last study conducted in 1995, calculated the average cost of one
uncomplicated (where no infection was transmitted) NSI at around $116.91– $1518.05 (Whitby &
McLaws, 2002). It is clear through these findings that no matter how well–developed Australia's
control systems and work–related health safety measures are in the prevention of NSI's, the rate at
which it is still happening is quite

Assessment Task Two Jigsaw Piece
HNN120 Assessment Task Two Jigsaw Piece
Ashe Collins
Student ID : 600215759
Word Count:1409
1
The importance of safe and quality health care in today's society must take into consideration the
patients' perceptions and requirements. Showing your clients dignity is absolutely necessary to gain
their trust and give them comfort. Respecting patients specific needs, moral values and individual
preferences is key in providing the best possible care. Encouraging and teaching the patients
themselves to play a role in the management of their own health, rehabilitation or ongoing treatment
can produce beneficial results. Another significant element is communication, and openly sharing
medical information with the patient and their family allows them to stay informed and have
knowledge about what is happening. These principles are structured strongly on evidence based
practice, but must be morally correct also. Cohering to the evidence based practice helps to
eliminate the safety risks for the patient and the nurse. By establishing high ethical standards and
combining this with evidence based practice we are working towards providing an exceptional
service to our consumer.
Nursing codes of ethics, both locally and globally, translate to a moral responsibility to nurture the
overall health of those needing or receiving healthcare. Patient advocacy for healthcare workers to
deal effectively with ethical issues they encounter on a day to day basis must be able to identify the
most

Professional Identity Is The Persona Assumed By One Who
Professional identity is the persona assumed by one who holds expertise or specialised knowledge
(Dadich 2015). It can also be defined as morals, beliefs that an individual feel. Specific to nursing,
professional identity is to provide quality care for patients and to ensure a safe environment for
others. For the nursing profession, there are a set of guidelines, codes of conduct and codes of ethics
nurses need to follow to ensure the best care is given and provided for others. There are three main
agencies who nurses need to follow; these are the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
(AHPRA), Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) and The National Safety and
Quality Health Standards (NSQHS). The Australian Health ... Show more content on
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The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) are responsible for; developing standards
and setting codes and guidelines for the nursing profession (Nursing and Midwifery Board of
Australia, 2015, para.1). Nurses need to meet the professional standards of the Nursing and
Midwifery Board of Australia they can do this by being registered with the board to meet the
established professional standards in Australia to protect others and the public (Nursing and
Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017, para.1). There are many different versions of the documents
from previous years that have some of the same information but have been revised throughout the
years. This is because the rules and regulations are constantly changing and being updated with each
year. These are relevant for most of the documents on the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia
website. For example, the Codes of Conduct, Ethics, Standards and Guidelines where the names of
organisation and the layout are always changing and need to be updated in the documents to ensure
that the information is reflecting the changing healthcare knowledge. The difference between
standards and guideline is that guidelines are a general rule that can be followed while standards are
something that ideally should be done. Confidentiality is critical for nursing professional to
understand and undertake. If a nurse did not keep a

Safety Induction Training For New Therapists
Safety induction training for new therapists
1. Principles of basic risk assessment
2. What is the hierarchy of risk control and its application
Hierarchy of controls; from most effective (1) to least effective (6)
Controls 1–4 remove human error and involvement with the risk, whereas 5,6 require human
note/action
Required by law to consider in order once a risk has been identified
Elimination – removal of hazard, and in turn the risk. E.g. oil on the floor – wipe it up
Substitution – replace something presenting a risk. E.g. faulty table – use one that works
Isolation – When you cannot remove the risk – isolate it. E.g. broken stairs–> lock so that stairs can't
be accessed
Re–design – redesign a process that presents risk. E.g. Bank run at night –> re–designed to be
mostly electronic and daytime
Administrative – use administrative actions to manage risk. For e.g. sign on a broken window
Personal protective equipment (PPE) – actual work wear to manage risks. For e.g. gloves and face
masks when patient is ill
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. Include information on its use, storage and
maintenance
For PPE controls to work, should be
– Available
– Worker wants to use
– Is maintained
– Fits
– Work properly
In the clinic, we use 2 common items, namely gloves and masks.
These should be used when client display illness (mask), broken or infected skin (gloves)
Always use new and dispose of old appropriately in provided

Cultural Safety Issues In Australia
Introduction
Cultural safety is a very important effect of an organisation. To form cultural safety it requires
proposition that can deal with both the institutional and the individual aspects of health and
community care services. For employees Cultural safety is also essential, mainly for Aboriginal
people delivering services to other Aboriginal people. This can be together with non–Aboriginal
health care practitioners. Predominantly, Cultural safety is important in developing culturally
suitable systems as well as behaviour towards improved attraction including, employment and
preserving approaches.
It is important to understand that cultural safety is a practice and achievement. It requires a
recognition and value of a culture and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have chosen four media articles for my essay which will analyse how racism can contribute to
cultural safety issues and ill health among Indigenous Australians. These media articles are the news
paper articles and TV news articles.
Media 1 http://indaily.com.au/news/2015/09/25/racism–putting–indigenous–lives–at–risk/ Racism
putting Indigenous lives at risk
Key Issues
According to Indaily news article, racism has put Indigenous life in dangers in medical systems as
researched by Flinders University. As stated by Professor Dennis McDermott, from the Poche
Centre for Indigenous Health and Well–Being at Flinders, due to lacks of cultural safety in medical
services and Health professionals, Indigenous people are stopping their hospital treatments earlier.
Professor McDermott has spoken in the Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses
and Midwives conference in Darwin. Some students are openly racist when he tries to educate them
on culturally appropriate ways to deal with Aboriginal patients.
This shows that people are in lack of education regarding cultural safety with health professionals
and within health system. Education has been acknowledged as a plan to tackle inequality to which
cultural education of undergraduate students and health professionals is successful in reducing
racism. This can ensure institutions and practitioners are delivering culturally respectful health

Nuclear Power In Australia Essay
Nuclear power plants should be legal in Australian as they pose many advantages. Such as high
money income and cleaner power source than coal power. This essay will argue that nuclear power
plants in Australia should be legalised. Nuclear has been in use for over fifty years and provides
power to thirty two countries, manufacturing no emissions. Australia is one among the few
developed countries without nuclear energy and therefore the solely G20 nation while not it. Why is
that this the case? 2 reasons: worry and politics. Safety is that the issue cited most frequently by
opponents of nuclear energy in Australia., however there has been only one fatal nuclear accident in
nearly sixty years of generation worldwide. That accident was at urban centre in 1986. consistent
with the report two–handed down in 2000 by the global organisation X c. Committee on the
consequences of Atomic Radiation, twenty eight employees died within the initial 3 months when
the incident, nineteen died between 1987 and 2004 of varied causes not essentially related to
radiation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
whereas we're happy to sell atomic number 92 abroad, the concept of nuclear reactors being
designed here to produce our future energy wants doesn't sit well with some.Last year, the govt
appointed ex–Telstra chief Dr Ziggy Switkowski, a physicist and currently chairman of the
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), to move associate degree
inquiry into energy. His report, atomic number 92 Mining, process and energy – Opportunities for
Australia?, suggested that Australia aim to possess its 1st apparatus operational by 2020, and a fleet
of twenty five reactors by 2050. In April, the govt declared it might begin golf shot rules in situ to
envision this happen – a move that may mean a 3rd of our electricity wants area unit met from
atomic

The Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in...
Introduction
In today's modern society our needs and demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a
daunting task for any developing country or nation. The Australian Federal Government is
confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous
towards the Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the
nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires daily and the procedures of
generating the immense amounts of electricity required for powering every day necessities is
currently being produced by the usage of fossil fuels, which has been validated to be an inefficient
method of producing energy. Nuclear energy offers a resolution and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although the construction procedure of nuclear power plants will substantially deplete the countries
funds, they will eventually become a beneficial asset, producing more kilowatts than coal, wind or
solar (Burgess, 2013). As more plants are manufactured, it's anticipated that construction costs will
decline, making the expense of nuclear generated electricity that much more interesting towards the
general public, resulting in a more profitable solution towards generating energy (Burgess, 2013).
Aiding construction is jobs, therefore raising Australia's current employment rate and boosting the
economy. It will also diminish global warming, revoking Australia form the carbon tax or carbon
emissions trading. Australia holds about 40 per cent of the world's uranium deposits therefore
opening Australia to possible trade with other countries and supplying ourselves with a substantial
amount of fuel that nuclear power plants require (Hawke, 2014). Mining the uranium will supply the
Australian mining workforce jobs, also raising our current employment rate. Former Prime Minister
and former Labour leader Bob Hawke suggested to the Cooperative Research Centres Association
that Australia should embrace nuclear power and quoted "This is a case where in doing good for the
rest of the world, we can, in the process, do

The Importance Of Materials Handling Procedures For The...
MINE1002 Essay – Materials Handling In layman's terms, materials handling is the identification,
storage, and movement of materials between locations. (Siddhartha 2017) A more complete
definition suggests that materials handling is "a system or combination of methods, facilities, labor,
and equipment for moving, packing, and storing of materials to meet specific objectives."(Kulwiec
1985) Regulatory bodies provide organizations with guidelines for the development of procedures
for the safe storage & handling of materials. In Australia, Safe Work Australia is responsible for
providing organizations with guidelines for the development of effective materials handling
procedures (MHP) for the: Identification of materials Storage of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Kulwiec 1985, Siddhartha 2017) Unit materials are discrete items that can be distinguished as
separate entities.(Siddhartha 2017) In comparison , bulk materials are often in the powdery or
granular form. Products of the mining industry, such as ores, are classified as the latter. These
materials are often stored in bins silos, or hoppers. (Kulwiec 1985) For bulk materials the MHP
must also take into account of factors such as but not limited to: Lump size, Flowability,
Abrasiveness, and Bulk density. (Siddhartha 2017) The MSDS or SDS provides the relevant
information for the correct storage procedures of such materials. (SWA 2016) The National
Transport Commission sets the requirement for the transportation materials. The Australian Code for
the Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road & Rail is a resource produced to ensure the safe
transport of materials in the transport and logistics industry. (NTC 2017a) The safe handling of
materials also extends to the aviation and maritime transportation industries. (NTC 2017b) The
MSDS and SDS also provide information to whether the transportation of a material is subject to
strict guidelines. Copper Concentrate, for example, is not classified as a dangerous good and is
therefore its transportation is not subject to strict guidelines. Recall that copper concentrate does
pose a potential risk and as such is still subject to a MHP. (RMT 2011, 2015) The mining industry
uses unconventional modes of transport.

Safety Management Systems In The Aviation Industry
Topic Learning Guide
Aviation Safety Systems
TOPIC 2
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Safety Management Systems in the Aviation Industry
Introduction
This topic area covers the second and third sessions. Now that some of the basic terms and concepts
associated with safety management systems and risk management have been discussed, it is
important to outline what a safety management system encompasses, and the benefits it can bring
when implemented and maintained within an organisation such as an airline. Not only must
organisations be aware of operational issues such as scheduling, crewing, and administration, but all
staff members must be made aware of the importance of implementing measures to identify,
analyse, and monitor safety ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flight Safety Foundation, 2002, Flight Safety Foundation organizational chart,
http://www.flightsafety.org [accessed January 2002] GAIN Programme, 2000, Operators Flight
Safety Handbook, ASFA Safety Management Program Resource Pack. Maurino, D., Reason, J.,
Johnston, N. and Lee, R. 1995, Beyond Aviation Human Factors, Avebury Aviation, England
Aviation Safety Systems
References
Mein, D.T.E. 2001, Employing safety management systems as part of a performance–based
regulatory regime, Air Traffic Management, July/August, pp. 22–26 Nav Canada, 2001, Corporate
Safety Plan 2001–2002, http://www.navcanada.ca [accessed January 2002] O'Connor Airlines, 1999,
OASIS Fieldbook; Airmanship Resource Management, Operations Manual OFB–005, Australia
Reason, J. 1998, Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Ashgate, England Royal
Aeronautical Society, 2002, About the RAeS, http://www.raes.org.uk [accessed January 2002] Shell
Group of Companies, 1999, Aviation Safety Management Policy, Shell International Limited,
London Wood, R.H. 1997, Aviation Safety Program; A Management Handbook, Snohomish,
Washington

Resources
ADDITIONAL READINGS http://www.scaleplus.gov.au – all Australian legislation, as well as
court case results are available on this site in full.
Assessment Progress
The information presented within this session, as well as the handouts, are the foundation for the
first assessment. The

Asylum Seekers Oral Persuasive
Refugees Oral persuasive
In my opinion I strongly believe Refugees should always be welcome in Australia, everyone
deserves a safe and comfortable place to live and grow up in. Many in our society disagree on
Refugees and asylum seekers coming into Australia, but others would say everyone deserves
something. Imagine being in a refugee or asylum seekers "shoes", imagine being sexually abused or
living in a poor, unhealthy environment, you'd want to come to Australia to wouldn't you?
"Everyone deserves something that makes them look forward to tomorrow"
My first reason to why refugees should always be welcome is, how badly some get sexually abused
or assaulted, how poorly they are treated and are seen as things instead of humans. picture this, you
a five year old child, the village has been raided, your family have been killed except your uncle and
one of your sisters, she marries an older man, whom she does not love but needs safety and
security... this is a story that has happened before, a story that has happened many times, to many
people. All of us, should be valued and treated with respect, regardless of our skin colour, cultural
beliefs and/or background. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Continuing on with the story from reason one, the sister sells everything she owns for you, until you
finally have enough money for a boat trip to Australia, you go through China, Thailand, Malaysia,
and then finally after traveling in a rickety boat you arrive in Australia, and get imprisoned in a jail
on Christmas island. They make it over, alive. They're worried, scared but so relieved, knowing
they've made it across sea, in Australia, having hope they can stay and be protected, but then we ship
them into

Essay about Trade Between Australia And China
Many products we use today are made in China. Trade between Australia and China has heightened
in the last couple of years. China has one of the world's largest economies. It has an increasing role
in shaping the world economy, accounting for a third of the increase in the world's gross domestic
product and imports for the period 2000 to 2003 (The Economist 2004). It is also home to a
population of 1.3 billion inhabitants, consuming a variety of goods from food items to luxury
commodities, toys, clothing, gifts, most car parts and many more things Australia benefits from. For
non–agricultural goods, Australian import tariffs are generally low. The most notable exceptions are
on motor vehicles and textiles, clothing and footwear imports. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since the implementation of the "reform and opening–up" policy in 1978, China's economy has
been undergoing a rapid and healthy development. Over the past 27 years, China's annual GDP
growth has averaged 9.4 per cent, more than doubled that of the world as well as more than two
folds that of the developed nations over the same period. In 2004, China's GDP reached
USD1650billion, an increase of 9.5 per cent over 2003.(The Embassy of the People's Republic of
China in Australia, June 2005)
Last year Australia imported $287.8 billion in goods from China, up from $51.5 billion a decade
ago, according to the Australian Commerce Department (Asia Education, The University of
Melbourne 2005). Although Australia is importing its many goods from china and reducing the cost,
Australia also have to consider the unemployment rate and safety issues with these imported goods
from Asia.
China is one of the biggest countries along with Thailand and Japan who make goods for Australia.
Being Australia's third largest merchandise trading partner and seventh largest service export market
in 2003, China might significantly affect the Australian economy through any changes made to its
trade policies. A more liberal Chinese trade policy could increase Australia's income in part through
greater market access for its exports. Of every hundred dollars of national

WA High Risk Medication Policy Essay
Furthermore, in U.S., dealing with opioid addiction with opioid prescriptions is managed by Federal
Regulation 42 CFR Part 8, which offers for an authorization and certification–based schemes for
opioid treatment agenda. The guideline recognizes that dependence on a drug is a therapeutic
disorder that may entail reverse healing procedures for dissimilar patients. The Division of
Pharmacologic Therapies, which is an element of the SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse
Treatment, is accountable for managing accreditation principles and official recognition methods.
(https://www.samhsa.gov). Dependence to opioids is a mutilation that can harm and considerably
spoil the major life activities of people. For this reason, Federal regulations are ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These policies are;
Duty of care
Confidentiality and privacy legislation
Mandatory reporting (http://www.health.gov.au).
3.4 Legislation impacting the field of healthcare
From the last three years, it has become hard to assess the impact of mandatory reporting. It requires
other considerable changes to the regulatory plan. In many healthcare organizations, new systems
are designed and implemented to improve the safety of a patient. The changes in the new systems
and discussion around the patient safety heightened the health care's awareness of these problems.
Therefore, in this complex environment, it is hard to extricate the precise impact of mandatory
reporting. Doctors face many hurdles such as; lack of timing, lack of privacy, and humiliation. The
national law has formed the perception of an obstacle to health admittance and Mandatory reporting
clearly weaken the objective of National law having its target on patient safety.
(http://www.health.gov.au).
4.0 Quality and Safety
The Australian quality and safety framework for health care highlights an idea for secure and proper
attention for all Australian and reveals the

The White Australia's White Australian Policy
White Australian Policy
The White Australia Policy is a significant event in Australia. This event is not nessacerialy one
Australians should be proud of but did help Australia become a better place and helped Australia
become what it is today. The White Australian policy affected many non–Europeans seeking safety.
The White Australian policy is known to go on for 25 years until in 1966 Prime Minister set a
Migration Act.
What was the White Australian Policy?
After The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 was one of the first Acts passed by the Australian
Parliament after Federation in 1901. The new law provided strict control over who could migrate to
Australia. The White Australian Policy was not a single government proclamation but in fact

Australia vs. China: An Economic Comparison
Australia and China adopt very different economic systems in order to cater the best for their
society. However, Australia's economic system is more successful than China's and, due to the
writer's right–wing value system, will be measured in terms of environmental efficiency, labour and
entrepreneurial resource efficiency and the standard of living.
The basic economic problem for any country is that resources are scarce while wants are infinite.
This means that countries must decide what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce in
the most efficient and equitable way possible. Australia and China both take different approaches to
solving this economic problem, even though both can technically be classified as a mixed economy
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Australia's power distribution is very effective with very few blackouts and 24 hour assistance in
case of emergencies (Metcalfe, 2007). Like any other country, Australia has environmental issues
however it is trying to become more environmentally friendly and efficient. Australia is building
more infrastructure and becoming more environmentally friendly. China on the other hand does not
have effective energy distribution. Blackouts are a common thing in China due to the overwhelming
demand for energy (Xinzhang, 2007). Right now China faces the problem that there is not enough
transmission capacity to provide additional supplies which results in poor distribution. Coal is the
main resource used for energy supply in China by a staggering 63.4% compared to 6.9%
hydroelectricity (China Today, 2005). Coal use in Australia is significantly less than this with only
42% of its energy source being coal (Metcalfe, 2007). China has overwhelming carbon dioxide
emissions, so overwhelming that China is accountable for 15% of the world's emissions (World Fact
book, 2007). This has very negative social costs with acid rain being a frequent problem for China.
5% of China's GDP is spent on trying to fix the social costs of pollution (China Today, 2007). Not
only is this not statically efficient, but it is not dynamically efficient either. Therefore, even though
both countries have environmental issues, Australia is able to provide a better power supply

Australia Post Executive Summary
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The scope of this essay is to develop a strategy for improved performance in the next five years for
Australia Post, by assessing the current strategy adopted by the organization and providing
recommendations for improvement of the current strategy.
The current strategies employed by Australia post are:
Building community engagement program and the launching of National Conversation.
Investing to become a leader in e–commerce.
Building their parcel business.
Transforming post office.
Embracing technology and innovation.
Australia Post is enjoying their monopoly of parcel delivery service and retail service, however their
profit from those services were overwhelmed by the decline of their traditional service ,which is
letter delivery (7.3% decline from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
INTRODUCTION
Australia Post is a government owned corporation which provides postal services, mainly in
Australia and some in its overseas subject. It is founded in April 25th, 1809. The headquarter of the
corporation is currently located in Melbourne, Australia. The corporation provides services such as
delivery services,logistics and fulfillment services, retail products, financial services, direct
marketing and database management services. (Wikipedia)
MISSION
"To supply postal services within Australia and between Australia and places outside Australia.
While doing this, we will provide high–quality, efficient services to the community, and operate
commercially and achieve a reasonable return on assets." (auspost, about us).
VISION
"To improve the employment experience for people with disability and better connect with our
customers and the community through accessibility of all our products, services and facilities."
(auspost active plan).
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
"To provide high–quality, efficient services to the community. As much as possible, we will also
generate dividends and enhance shareholder value." (auspost vision and mission).
3. AUSTRALIA POST STRATEGIC PLAN

Sopranos Smallgoods
The legal responsibilities of workplace safety With the critical considerations of the case, Sopranos
Smallgoods has been confronted with a diverse set of negative issues relative to workplace safety.
The fundamental employees and supervisors have the low level of attitudes and behaviours to
support workplace safety, and the company of Sopranos does not have the effective mechanism and
physical infrastructure facilities to support the workplace safety mission. According to the
identification of Aupperle, Carroll and Hatfield (1985), the corporation has various legal
responsibilities to support the workplace safety, in order to further protect the interests of existing
employees in the workplace. Clarke (1999) holds the similar opinion, that is, the corporation must
provide the sufficient funding to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Sopranos Smallgoods is he significant supplier of smallgoods to Australian market, the report
plans to focus significantly on the legislations and regulations established by Australian government
and relevant authorities. Overall, Australia has established the strict and mature regulatory
mechanism for a group of corporations which have manufacturing activities in the country. To be
more specific, to begin with, the most important law for workplace safety is the Workplace Health
and Safety (WHS). According to the description of Hart (2010), it is essential to create a safe work
environment to be the foundation of the success of the business. At the same time, the high level of
workplace safety also can be referred as the effective method to retain talents and maximise the
productivity in the workplace. The WHS legislation mainly focuses on five aspects (Australia
Government 2015). More exactly, the corporation should carefully consider the diverse safety
premises when formulating different strategies. For instance, it is necessary to assess the potential
risks in relation to the workplace activities, in

Speech Pathology Australia
Individual 1500 word essay.
All professional bodies idealise to differentiate themselves from others. Professional bodies aim to
create awareness within society of who they are and what they do, in order to create and maintain a
specific professional identity. According to Speech Pathology Australia (2016), speech pathology is
the 'diagnosis, management and treatment of individuals who are unable to communicate effectively
or who have difficulty with feeding and swallowing' (para. 1)., whereas nursing defined by Oxford
Dictionaries (2016) refers to 'providing care for the sick and infirm' (para 1). Both nursing and
speech pathology aim to maintain their own specific professional identity through individual
measures. This essay will analyse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through professional development, these disciplines are able to improve their professional
knowledge through specialised training, formal education and advanced professional learning. (The
Glossary Of Education Reform, 2014, para 3). The Code of Ethics for Speech Pathology Australia
states that speech pathologists must attempt to 'continuously update and extend our professional
knowledge and skills through activities such as participating in professional development , and/or
engaging the support of a mentor or supervisor'. (Speech Pathology Australia, 2010, para. 43).
Participation in professional development as discussed by Speech Pathology Australia allows them
to monitor individuals continuous learning regarding the profession, and therefore they are able to
identify that speech pathologists are providing quality care and services to patients/clients through
having knowledge of new and changing information regarding speech

Research: Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia
INTRODUCTION
By the beginning of 21st century, public health activities over different settings led to growth in
healthcare. Improvement in large number of diseases, injuries, infectious diseases, nutrition,
sanitation, cancers, & dental health have led to significant growth in Australia's health population
since last 30 years. Improvements grew from advances and technology in medicine and surgery,
delivery of quality health care services, and also range of public health programs & promotion via
an organized approach (NHMRC, Dec 1996, p.7). When we talk about developing and
implementing population based interventions & strategies, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Significant funds have been provided by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
for medical research in tobacco diseases. Also, the State, Federal and Territory funding to road
safety continues for more than 20 years. Road safety expenses have been more in developed road
safety infrastructure.
In 1989, the law was passed in which the Federal Legislation banned all forms of tobacco
advertisements like signs, billboards etc. Also, in 1987 the Victorian Tobacco Act added a wholesale
tax on tobacco products in Victoria to promote good health, prevent diseases, and disabilities. It was
later followed by South Australia in 1988, Australian Capital Territory in 1989 and Western
Australia in 1991. The most notable traffic law was one in which seat belts became compulsory to
be worn in 1970. In Australia, the illegal blood alcohol concentration limit has been set up to
0.05ml/100ml throughout Australia. Laws were introduced in 1976, to enforce proper restraint of
children's/babies in vehicles. In Australia, the ratio of injured persons with blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) reduced from 44% in 1981 to 30% in 1995 (FORS, 1995, P.17)
In the late 1970s, Australia was one of the first nations to run mass reach anti–smoking campaigns
(Egger et al, 1983, p.1125–28). Media started playing a significant role in spreading awareness to
public with evidence about the dangers of tobacco smoking to health. Now the community knows
about the harmful

Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
In Australia, several processes are involved before a new medication can be approved and made
available to the public. As new medicine is formulated in laboratories, first, biochemical and animal
experiments is conducted to determine if it is safe and useful for humans. Next, an application for
clinical trial is submitted to Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australia sponsor must be
included. Series of clinical trials are conducted. Only after phase III trial (about 1000–3000
volunteers recruited) satisfies the safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards set by the TGA that
the medicine is approved for sale in Australia. If the approved medicine by TGA is equivalent or
better than other drugs with similar effect, it is subsidised by Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. ...
Therapeutic goods include medical devices, blood and blood product, biological products and all
medicine types such as prescription, over–the–counter and alternative medicines. TGA has other
responsibilities which include; (1) evaluation of a therapeutic product before it is sold to the public,
(2) monitor the product once it is available to the market, and (3) conduct quality assessment for
therapeutic goods to be exported. TGA do not determine the cost of the product, their main focus is
on product quality, efficacy and

The State Should Stay Out of the Employment Relationship
| 1001EHR Employment Relations | Assignment Two: The state should stay out of the employment
relationship. Critically discuss | | Peiyao NIU (s2838788) | Tutor's Name: Gabby DanielsTutorial
Time: 20:00–20:50 Monday |
|
The employment relationship may be defined as the relationship between employer and employee
over the terms and conditions of employment (Loudoun, Mcphail & Wilkinson 2009). In
Australia, the industrial relations had become a big issue, so "following the 24 November 2007
Federal election, the Rudd Labor Government began work on its promises to re–shape Australia's
industrial relations system." (Riley & Sheldon 2008) However, some people think that the state
should stay out the employment relationship. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By now, it has been operated for eight years and prohibits the discrimination on the basis of age.
Recent research vindicates this prediction, demonstrating that women at all levels of management
still report gender discrimination as a barrier to their advancement in Australia (Metz & Moss
2008). The gender pay gap is also reflected in the low numbers of women in leadership positions
(Goward 2004). Therefore, the state enacted Sex Discrimination Act 1984 to assist the government
for this issue. Under the Sex Discrimination Act it is unlawful to discriminate on the basis of gender,
marital status, pregnancy and family responsibility (Loudoun, Mcphail & Wilkinson 2009).
Racial discrimination includes race, colour, belief and national or ethnic origin. Australia is a
multicultural country; a large number of people are from different countries. They have different
cultural background like language, race, colour, belief and so on. Therefore, the racial discrimination
has become one of the most serious discriminations in Australia. For prohibiting it, Australia
government legislate the Racial Discrimination Act 1975.
Disability has many forms. According to Brazenor (2002), 'a disability is defined as any limitation,
restriction, impairment ... has lasted or is likely to last six months.' Loudoun, McPhail &
Wilkinson (2009) also indicated that the unemployment rate

Leadership And Commitment Of Senior Management Essay
Leadership and Commitment
Senior management leadership and commitment forms a key element of this model. A successful
OSH risk management strategy must be driven by senior Management. This is the level of
management mandated to make critical decisions on policy development of an organization. Risk
management is most effective when it is integrated into the initial stages of business and strategic
planning. In Australia the public service legislation places an emphasis on high levels of
professional leadership and expertise; and performance management, and accountability in devolved
management framework (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005). In a study done to establish safety
standards in Borabu District in Kenya it was found that 36% of head teachers indicated that Board
of Governors were uncooperative in improving safety standards. (Migiro, 2012). Training
institutions like other organizations must be led by senior management that is committed to safety.
2.3.1.2 Active Involvement of all workers
Active involvement of all workers in the workplace ensures success of any OHS management
program, and helps to develop a 'safety culture' in the workplace. Open communication between
management and workers support OSH activities. Employees provide critical OSH information as
they are often in the immediate work area and identify hazards. They can provide valuable advice
about risks and possible solutions (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005). In Kenya the OSH Policy
demands that workers

Lutchman, Maharaj, And Ghanem's Five Components
There are five key components to an OHSMS (Lutchman, Maharaj, & Ghanem, 2012) each have
their own benefits to an organisation. These five components include:
Policy – This sets the organisations commitment to comply with relevant laws and seek continual
improvement in safety(Standards Australia, 2001). The policy sets what the organisations upper
management wish to achieve and what their goals for safety within the organisation are. This
benefits the organisation by providing a message from upper management to all staff and the
community on how the organisation will manage safety. A good policy as seen later, will assist an
organisations reputation, and can help develop a good safety culture within the organisation,
ensuring worker participation

Career Objective Sample
Career Objective
Accomplished and highly safety focused Electrician seeking a challenging new career opportunity
where I can utilise my qualifications and extensive experience on various oil & gas projects
spanning 12 years. Trade qualified, multi–skilled and competent member and leader, I possess
advanced technical, fault–finding and problem solving skills, coupled with proven
instrumentation/automation and hazardous area expertise. Capable of functioning in remote areas,
harsh and challenging conditions, I am flexible to work various rosters/shifts on a FIFO basis, with a
proven track record of achievement promoting and adhering to workplace safety regulations,
coupled with a 100% accident free record. Physically fit and energetic, with ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
May 2014 – Dec 2014 G&S ENGINEERING | www.g–s.com.au Bechtel: Curtis Island QCLNG
Project – Gladstone, Queensland
Instrumentation & Control Technician
Company Profile:
G&S Engineering in an alliance with Calibre Global and Brown Consulting is a leading Australian
integrated engineering services and project delivery group, providing comprehensive capability
across the asset life to service the resources and infrastructure markets in Australia and overseas
locations.
Project Scope:
Queensland Curtis LNG (a joint venture of QGC, China National Offshore Oil Corporation & Tokyo
Gas), Australia Pacific LNG (a joint venture of ConocoPhillips, Origin and Sinopec), and Santos
GLNG (a joint venture of Santos, Petronas, Total, and Kogas) each engaged Bechtel to design and
build the liquefied natural gas complex on Curtis Island.
Key Duties:
Worked collaboratively as part of the specialist electrical team sub–contracted to Bechtel on the
QCLNG project to carry–out the commissioning, installing and fault finding on all major
instrumentation and controls

Schools Are The Most Significant Socialisation Force Next
Schools are the most significant socialisation force next to the family and it is in school where
children form relationships which influence social and academic outcomes. This would mean that
schools must be a safe place for students to be at. A safe school would equal to better schooling life.
In Australia workplaces or organisations follow a law that is called 'Work Health Safety Act' or
WHS in which has been updated over time and varies from state to state (Business 2017). An
organisation must meet the WHS requirements set out in the acts and regulations as a minimum
requirement in its respective state otherwise penalties are issued if they are not met. This essay will
talk about work health safety act as a whole, how to reduce risks ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Every school is required to carry out regular risk assessments of the premises and activities to
identify any hazards in advance, but all members of staff should also be aware that risk assessment
is an ongoing process, and that they must remain cautious and report any potential hazards to the
health and safety officer (Safe Work Australia 2011). Each school must place its own health and
safety policy and ensure that all staff are trained in its contents. The school should ensure allocating
sufficient resources to meet health and safety priorities. The school should also ensure that
attendance on appropriate work health safety training courses and/or meetings.
All staff should take ownership for, not just their own safety but also ensuring that their actions, or
lack of action, does not cause harm or dangers to others, for example, if a staff was using an
equipment that is for the adult use only, it must be used and stored away where it is out of reach for
students. If the staff can see a potential hazard with the equipment they are using, it must be reported
or taken care of appropriately. If safety equipment is provided, then staff must ensure it is used at all
times. For example, it is customary to wear aprons and closed shoes in the kitchen throughout the
practical. If there comes a student wearing the inappropriate types of shoes, you, as a teacher should
make the judgement to either let them find closed shoes so they can participate in the

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