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EARTH
Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar
system. It appears bright and bluish in colour when
viewed from outer space.
Earth is the only planet in the solar system that
can support life. Millions of different species of
living things are able to thrive on the
planet Earth because of its large amounts of liquid
water, its atmosphere containing a mixture of
oxygen and nitrogen, and its moderate
temperatures.
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WHAT IS EARTH MADE OF?
Earth is made up of three basic layers: the core, the
mantle and the crust. The core, the innermost area, is
very hot. It is about 6,900 kilometres (4,300 miles) in
diameter. The mantle covers the core and is about
2,900 kilometres (1,800 miles) thick. The outermost
layer, called the crust, covers the mantle like a thin
sheet. At its thickest the crust averages about 31
kilometres (19 miles) thick. Plants, animals and
people live on the crust.
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SHAPE OF THE EARTH
Earth is not perfectly round in shape. It has a
slight bulge around the equator. The total surface
area of the planet is about 510 million square
kilometres (197 million square miles). Land
covers about 30 per cent of Earth, while oceans
cover about 70 per cent.
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WHAT IS EARTH’S CRUST MADE UP
OF?
Earth's crust is mostly made up of stone, soil and
rock. In addition, the crust has plains, forests,
valleys, mountains, desert and canyons.
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WEATHER
Earth has the perfect range of temperatures for
sustaining life. It is not too hot, unlike Venus, and not
too cold, unlike Neptune.
Different places on Earth have different temperatures
and different types of weather. However, the average
temperature on Earth is about 15°C (59°F).
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SATELLITE
Earth has one natural satellite called the moon. A
satellite is an object in space that orbits another
object of a larger size. The distance of the moon
averages about 384,000 kilometres (239,000 miles)
from Earth.
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WATER
Most of Earth is covered by water. This water is in
the form of oceans, rivers, lakes and groundwater.
Some water is frozen. For example, there are glaciers
on mountains and ice sheets in the Arctic and
Antarctic. The four major water bodies on Earth are
the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.
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ATMOSPHERE
Earth's atmosphere is made up of different gases.
This is the air that living things breathe to live. The
atmosphere does not have a sharp boundary. It
stretches to a few hundred kilometres above the
surface of Earth. The atmosphere gets thinner as it
gets further from Earth's surface. It contains water
vapour and the gases nitrogen (77 per cent)
and oxygen (21 per cent). It also contains argon,
carbon dioxide, helium, neon and hydrogen.
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CONTINENTS
There are 7 continents:
1. ASIA 5. EUROPE
2. AFRICA 6. NORTH AMERICA
3. ANTARCTICA 7. SOUTH AMERICA
4. AUSTRALIA
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OCEANS
There are 5 oceans:
1. PACIFIC OCEAN 4. INDIAN OCEAN
2. ATLANTIC OCEAN 5. SOUTHERN OCEAN
3. ARCTIC OCEAN
