B.Sc NURSING III YEAR

1. HYPOTHESES
&
ASSUMPTIONS
PRESENTED BY:
Mrs. DEVA PONPUSHPAM.I,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.

2. HYPOTHESES
Hypothesis is a tentative
prediction or explanation of relationship
between two variables.
Hypothesis is a shrewd guess or
inference that is formulated and
provisionally adopted to explain observed
facts or conditions and to guide in further
investigsation.
- Good and Hatt

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD HYPOTHESIS
Conceptual clarity & availability of
techniques
Empirical referent & economical
Objectivity & consistency
Specificity & simplicity
Relevant & purposiveness
Testability &verifiability

4. SOURCES OF HYPOTHESIS
Theoretical or
conceptual
framework
Previous research
Real life
experiences
Academic
literature
SOURCES

5. TYPES OF HYPOTHESES
HYPOTHESES
SIMPLE &
COMPLEX
ASSOCIATIVE &
CAUSAL
DIRECTIONAL &
NONDIRECTIONAL
NULL &
RESEARCH

6. SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS (BIVARIATE)
It expresses an expected relationship
between one independent and one
dependent variable under study.
Eg. There will be a significant association
between smoking behaviour and lung
cancer among individuals attending
respiratory clinic.

7. COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
(MULTIVARIATE)
It refers to a prediction of a relationship
between two or more independent
variables and two or more dependent
variables.
Eg. There will be a significant association
between obesity, lack of exercise,
smoking and myocardial infarction and
hypertension among clients attending
medical out patient department.

8. ASSOCIATIVE HYPOTHESIS
It state the relationship between two or
more than two variables that occur or exist
in natural setting without manipulation. It
is commonly used in co relational
research studies.
Eg. The more the communication from
health care professionals, the higher the
awareness and satisfaction among
patients.

9. CAUSAL HYPOTHESIS
It predicts the cause and effect relationship
between two or more variables in
experimental research, where independent
variable is manipulated by the researcher to
examine the effect on the dependent
variables.
Eg. Prevalence of infection is lower in patients
who receive surgical care with hydrogen
peroxide as compared to patients who
receive the surgical care with povidone
iodine solution.

10. DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
It specifies not only the existence of relation
but also the expected direction or nature
of relationship between the variables.
Eg. There will be a significant increase in
the wound healing process among those
who receive insulin than those who do not
receive insulin among patients with
diabetic ulcer.

11. NONDIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
It states that a relationship exists, but not
stipulate the exact nature / direction of
relationship.
Eg. There is a relationship between age and
depression.

12. NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0)
It is also known as statistical hypothesis. It
states that there is no relationship or no
difference or no effect between the dependent
and independent variables. It is used for the
purpose of statistical testing and interpreting
inferences.
Eg. There is no relationship between internet
addiction and depression among engineering
students.

13. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (H1)
(ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS)
It states the existence of relationship
between variables. It is also called
scientific, substantive or theoretical
hypothesis.
Eg. There will be a significant relationship
between increasing age and osteoporosis.

14. ASSUMPTIONS
Assumptions are statements that are
taken for granted or are considered true,
even though they have not been
scientifically tested.
Assumptions are principles those are
accepted as being true based on logic or
reasons but without proof or verification.

15. TYPES OF ASSUMPTIONS
Universal
Based on theories
Empirical based assumption
Research / methodological
assumption
Warranted
Unwarranted

16. UNIVERSAL ASSUMPTIONS
These are beliefs that assumed to be true by
a large part of society or universe. Testing
of such assumption is not always possible.
Eg. Divine power controls the universe.

17. ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON
THEORIES
It may also be drawn from theories. If a
research study is based on a theory, the
assumption of particular theory may
become assumption of that particular
research study.
Eg. Study based on Betty Neuman System
model follows the assumptions of Betty
Neuman System model in the study.

18. EMPIRICAL BASED
ASSUMPTIONS
These are derived from previous research
studies. They are therefore considered the
most reliable.
Eg. Use of drug warfarin for ischemic heart
disease or coronary artery bypass grafting
surgery patients improves blood
circulation and prevents thrombus
formation.

19. RESEARCH/METHODOLOGICAL
ASSUMPTIONS
Researcher has to formulate some of the
methodological assumptions to conduct a
research study.
Eg. Participants will be participating in the
study willingly and respond to the
research tools honestly.

20. WARRANTED ASSUMPTIONS
These type of assumptions stated along with
the proof or evidences to support.
Eg. Regular prayer brings success because
it boosts the morale of the individual.

21. UNWARRANTED ASSUMPTIONS
These assumptions do not have supportive
evidence or proof. Sometimes, it will be
difficult to fulfill these kind of
assumptions.
Eg. The almighty God exists everywhere in
this universe.

22. IMPORTANCE OF
ASSUMPTIONS IN RESEARCH
 Assumptions work as a foundation or base
for researcher.
 Selection of research topic can be based
on written assumption or assumptions of
the previous studies.
 Assumptions helps in research process
and conclude the research study.
 Verified and tested assumptions expand
the body of knowledge.

23. THANK YOU