Student teachers' usage and access of electronic resources in the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) during the Covid-19 outbreak

1. University of Nebraska - Lincoln
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
12-10-2021
Student teachers' usage and access of electronic resources in the
Student teachers' usage and access of electronic resources in the
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) during the Covid-19
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) during the Covid-19
outbreak
outbreak
deivam muniyandi
deivammuniyandi@gmail.com
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
Part of the Educational Technology Commons, and the Online and Distance Education Commons
muniyandi, deivam, "Student teachers' usage and access of electronic resources in the National Digital
Library of India (NDLI) during the Covid-19 outbreak" (2021). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal).
6421.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6421

2. 1
Student teachers' usage and access of electronic resources in the National Digital
Library of India (NDLI) during the Covid-19 outbreak
Dr.M.Deivam
Assistant Professor
The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)
Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India – 624 302
ABSTRACT
. The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kharagpur created the National Digital
Library of India (NDLI). It is a single-window portal that accumulates and collates
information from prestigious Indian and international educational institutions, as well as other
relevant sources. It is free and accessible to the public. The objective of the study was to find
out the student teachers' usage and access of the NDLI during the Covid-19 outbreak. The
online survey method was employed for the study. The investigator designed the
questionnaire in Google Forms. The researcher sent the questionnaire about the National
Digital Library of India via email and classroom WhatsApp group. A sample consisted of 92
student teachers who participated from the university department and colleges of education,
Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India. The respondents for the research were chosen using a
simple random sampling technique. The investigator prepared a structured questionnaire
about the NDLI and the access and usage of various electronic resources for academic
purposes in the digital library. The data was collected from the participants and analysed in
MS Excel. The results of the study revealed that 78.26% of the student teachers are aware of
the NDLI and 78.26 percent of student teachers using the NDLI. A total of 54.35 percent of
student teachers have an account in the NDLI. The majority of student teachers used NDLI
resources daily (21.74%), weekly twice (40.22%), and weekly (32.61). The majority of the
student teachers satisfied the electronic resources available in the NDLI.
KEYWORDS: National Digital Library of India, electronic resources, Student teachers,
Covid-19 outbreak
INTRODUCTION
It is quite difficult to locate specific information due to the explosion of data.
Libraries have a certain amount of funding. This challenge has led to the growth of digital
libraries as a viable alternative. Compared to traditional libraries, digital libraries provide
greater features. With the aid of digital libraries, libraries are now accessible from anywhere.
Everywhere and anywhere, library materials and services are available. Access to resources is

3. 2
accessible both on and off the campus. Many repositories have been built with digital library
technology. A digital archive is a repository. In comparison to other storage options, the
repository is less expensive. Every citizen of a country has the right to study from both basic
and advanced source.
Figure 1
NDLI Portal
The National Digital Library of India is an online repository of educational materials
that provides a wide range of services to the learning community. It's more than just a
repository where one can search and browse electronic resources. It is supported by the
National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology
(NMEICT), MHRD, New Delhi. Learners can use filtered and federated searching to identify
the right material with the least amount of effort and in the shortest amount of time. NDLI
offers a service catered to certain user groups, such as prepare exams for university and
college students, as well as unemployed people. Other services for scholars and general
learners are accessible. The NDLI is intended to hold material in any language and provide
interface support for the top 10 Indian languages. It is intended for students at all academic
levels, which include students, researchers and lifelong learners, as well as students from all
fields, as well as children with special needs and popular access devices. Its goal is to make it
easy for learners to acquire and prepare lessons based on best practises from around the

4. 3
world, as well as for academics to undertake interconnected research from many sources. It is
an online repository which includes textbooks, journals, videos, audio books, lectures,
simulations, novels, and other types of learning material. The Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur, is responsible for its development, operation, and maintenance of NDLI.
SALIENT FEATURES OF NDLI
• Users may access educational resources at all levels, from elementary to post-
graduate.
• Students (of all levels), instructors, investigators, librarians, readers, professionals,
physically challenged users, and all other lifelong learners will benefit from the
NDLI.
• Information may be customized depending on criteria such as education level,
language preference, difficulty level, content medium, and other considerations. This
is similar to a "customized service" given in a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week integrated
environment where learners may find out the correct source with the least amount of
effort and in the shortest amount of time.
• Content from a variety of topic disciplines, including Science, Humanities,
Technology, Agriculture, and others, is housed in the repository.
• There are almost 60 different types of learning resources available, including books,
papers, manuscripts, video lectures, and dissertations.
• The items are accessible in almost 70 different languages.
• The repository brings together information from several Indian institutional
repositories.
NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented instructors with unprecedented problems,
requiring them to adjust to virtual teaching. The usual school teaching environment consisted
of pupils congregating in classes according to their timetables based on curriculum and
instructors covering their courses' material through traditional teaching. Pupils were expected
to pay attention to their lecturers, ask the question at end of the lecture and mostly reproduce
their knowledge in examinations (Lipowsky, 2015).

5. 4
Teachers, pupils, and parents are facing challenges to adapting to new situations as a
result of the school lockdown. Alternative forms of education are to continue through online
teaching. Teachers must adapt to digital resources, which necessitates the use of a variety of
web tools and electronic resources in order to solve problems and implement novel teaching
and learning strategies. The problem of COVID-19 is also faced by teacher education
courses, which are specifically designed to provide instruction to student teachers. The
student teacher is attending the online classes and needs electronic resources to meet the
learning activities (Bhat, 2017). Earlier, student teachers collected the electronic resources
from various websites. The government of India launched a digital library, where learners get
all the electronic resources in one portal. In the present study, to focus on student teachers'
usage and access of electronic resources in the National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
during the Covid-19 outbreak,
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
Sarasu, R., Ashkar, K & Sayed Mohamed Jelani, A. (2019), the study's major goals
were to a) determine awareness and b) determine how to expand the usage of NDL services.
The researcher used a questionnaire survey approach to find out what the respondents thought
about using NDL resources. The results of this investigation revealed that NDL knowledge
and use are extremely low. Many of the respondents are also ignorant of the resources
accessible to them and have not used them, despite the fact that they are extremely important
to their studies and research. As a result, the library can organise Orientation Programs and
user awareness programmes in this area.
Amit K. Tamrakar & Jyoti Jadon. (2018). In this research, the survey method was
employed. A systematic questionnaire was created to gather information from Post graduate
students, research scholar, and teaching faculty from ten major departments, IIT - Delhi. The
research looks at the information sources that users choose, how libraries run training
programmes for their users, how users may find Electronic resources, how frequently users
use Electronic resources, and why they use them, among other things. The majority of users
chose e-journals for educational / research purposes, according to the surveys. The IIT-Delhi
library offers a user training programme to help users get the most out of their electronic
resources. The majority of respondents find it easy to find relevant information using the
library's electronic resources.

6. 5
Mani.M, et al. (2019), the major goal is to investigate the effects of ICT expertise,
library infrastructure, and motivational variables on students' use of electronic resources. The
investigator has gathered 110 questionnaires from pupils for this purpose. The information
was gathered using a systematic random sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis is
used to validate the tool. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse the data.
The important conclusions are that student computer knowledge is the primary source for
increasing e-resource usage, and academics and library staff members are the primary
motivators for increasing student e-resource usage. As a result, library staff and professors
may provide a variety of lectures and workshops to help students improve their ICT skills.
Samuel Dery, et al. (2016), Determine the awareness and usage of ICT among pupils
at the University of Ghana's College of Health Sciences. The study was adopted cross-
sectional research including students from all five Schools of the University of Ghana's
College of Health Sciences. The schools yielded a total of 773 pupils for the study. The
simple random sampling was employed to choose pupils from each stratum. The percentage
of students who knew how to use a computer was nearly 100%. About 83 percent had
computers (p 0.001), and 87 percent had self-rated computer competence (p 0.001). At 93
percent (p 0.001), it was primarily used for studying. This study demonstrates that pupils
have appropriate computer knowledge and skills. It provides a chance to introduce them to
ICT in healthcare delivery.
Parminder Sing & Payare Lal. (2017), the utilisation of e - resources by Desh Bhagat
University and Chitkara University library users in Punjab. The research primary goal was to
learn about the search strategies used by participants searching electronic resources at
selected universities, to determine whether the services and facilities provided by various
electronic databases are adequate for the responders to determine the quality of information
retrieved through electronic resources, and to determine whether participants are aware of
electronic resources. The research was carried out by sending questionnaires to 200 people,
including 25 teaching staff, 25 research researchers, and 50 pupils from various universities.
There was a 100% response rate. The survey discovered that the majority of participants were
aware of e-learning, that many participants lacked the time and expertise to use the resources,
that the majority of participants use electronic resources for education and research, and that
many participants believe that e resources are extremely important for professional
advancement.

7. 6
Preetham Shetty.K.V & Divakar. (2020), the study goals was to integrate and appraise
the use of digital resources distributed by learned organisations, publishers, and distributors
to VTU-associated Belagavi's technical institutions via VTU-Consortium. The research was
conducted on pupils, and teaching staff of the NMAM Institute of Technology. The
information gathered from the questionnaire was evaluated, tallied, and displayed statistically
and graphically. According to the findings, 100 percent of library users were aware of the
VTU-Consortium, 54 percent of users preferred digital resources to written materials for their
academic purposes, and 44 percent of users had difficulty accessing information. The
librarians' orientation sessions on accessible electronic resources under the VTU Consortium
were proposed in this study. This allows consumers to get the most out of their resources.
DEFINITION OF THE KEY TERMS
Student Teachers
Student teachers are those who are enrolled in teacher education programmes and are
pursuing a bachelor's degree in education.
Electronic resources
All of the items that a library distributes over a computer network are referred to as
electronic resources.
Covid 19 outbreak
Coronaviruses are a viral type. There are several types, some of which cause illness.
COVID-19 is a epidemic of respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus
discovered in 2019.
OBJECTIVES
• To find out the awareness of the National Digital Library of India among student
teachers.
• To find out the student teachers' preference for electronic resources in the NDLI.
• To explore the usage of the National Digital Library of India for academic purposes.
• To find out the student teachers' satisfaction towards electronic resources available in
the NDLI.

8. 7
METHODOLOGY
The online survey method was employed to collect the response from the student
teacher due to Covid-19. The investigator designed the questionnaire in Google Forms. The
researcher sent the questionnaire to participants via Gmail account and classroom WhatsApp
group. 92 participants responded to the questionnaire out of 123.
POPULATION
The population of the study was made up of student teachers who are all studying
teacher education programmes in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu.
SAMPLE
A sample consisted of 92 student teachers who participated from colleges of
education and university department, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India. The participants
for the study were selected using a simple random sampling technique.
Table 1
Sample details
Type of Institute No. of Students No. of Student
responded
Total
University department 50 35 35
Colleges of Education 85 57 57
Total 92
TOOL
The investigator prepared a structured questionnaire about the National Digital
Library of India (NDLI) and the access and usage of various electronic resources for
academic purposes in the digital library.
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
The investigator used percentage analysis for the study. The data was collected from the
participants and analysed in MS Excel.

9. 8
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 2
Gender -wise Distribution
Gender No. of Respondents Percentage
Male 10 10.86
Female 82 89.14
Total 92 100
Table 3
User Category
Course Year of Studying No. of
Respondents
Percentage
B.Ed & B.Sc.B.Ed
University Department
II Year 50 54.38
B.Ed Colleges of
Education, Dindigul
II Year 42 45.62
Total
-
92 100
Awareness of NDLI
It was found that 78.26% of the student teachers aware of the e-sources available in
the NDLI. 21.74% of the student teachers stated that not aware of NDLI. From the statistics it
is revealed that majority of the student teachers aware. But it is noticeable 21% still not aware
about NDLI.
Figure 2
Awareness of NDLI
78.26
21.74
Yes
No

10. 9
NDLI account and use
The participants were asked to identify their use of the National Digital Library of
India and their account information. Figure 3 shows that 78.26 percent of student teachers
using the NDLI and 21.74 percent do not. A total of 54.35 percent of student teachers have an
account in the NDLI.
Figure 3
NDLI account and use
Awareness of e-resource Available in NDLI
Student teachers were well aware of books (94.57%), presentations (93.39%),
audio/video lectures (93.48%), syllabus (89.13%), question papers and solutions (85.87%),
and articles (78.26%). Student teachers were not aware of historical records (43.48%),
manuscripts (38.04%) and other resources.
Table 4
E-resource Available in NDL
Learning Resources Not aware Aware
Articles 21.74 %(20) 78.26 %(72)
Books 5.44% (05) 94.57% (87)
Theses 23.91 % (22) 76.08 % (70)
Question paper and solution 14.13 % (13) 85.87% (79)
78.26
21.74
54.35
45.65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Yes No Yes No
NDL Usage NDL Account

11. 10
Conference proceedings 18.48% (17) 81.52% (75)
Journals 19.57% (18) 80.43 % (74)
News Papers 21.74 % (20) 78.26% (72)
Periodical 23.91% (22) 76.09 % (70)
Syllabus 10.86% (10) 89.13% (82)
Law acts/ judgments / reports 29.34% (27) 70.65% (65)
Presentation 07.61%(07) 93.39% (85)
Poetry / Stories / Serious 23.91% (22) 76.09% (70)
Audio / Video lectures 06.52% (06) 93.48% (86)
Web courses 34.78% (32) 65.21% (60)
Historical records 43.48% (40) 56.52% (52)
Manuscripts 38.04% (35) 61.95%(57)
Maps 32.60% (30) 67.39% (62)
Frequency of NDLI Usage
The participant’s recorded their responses, how do you use NDLI on regular basis?
The student teachers have answered in different ways based on their usage of NDLI. The
majority of student teachers used NDL resources daily (21.74%) weekly (32.61%), weekly
twice 40.22% and Only a few student teachers (5.43%) used NDLI monthly.
Figure 4
Usage of NDLI
21.74
40.22
32.61
5.43
Daily
Weekly twise
Weekly
Monthly

12. 11
Preference of Resource Types
The result shows that 29.35% of student teachers were to access audio/video lectures,
22.83% of student teachers stated that they were to access presentations, 19.57% of student
teachers stated that they were to access books for preparation of notes, 17.39% of respondents
stated that they were to access question papers for exam preparation, and a smaller number of
student teachers use NDLI for reading articles and other purposes.
Figure 5
Student Teacher preference of resource types
Purpose of using Electronic resources
Table 5
Reason of using Electronic resources
Purpose No. of Participants Percentage
Prepare notes 20 21.74
Read articles 09 09.78
Watching videos 12 13.05
Project work 25 27.17
Prepare seminar 13 14.13
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
Books Presentation Audio /
Video
lectures
Question
paper
Articles Others
19.57
22.83
29.35
17.39
5.43 5.43

13. 12
Develop General Knowledge 09 09.78
Others 04 4.35
Total 92 100
The table shows that the majority of the student teachers (27.17%) stated that they
used the e-sources available in the NDLI for their project work and 21.74 % were used to
prepare notes, prepare seminars (14.13%), watch videos (13.05%), read articles (09.78%),
and develop general knowledge (09.78%).
Students’ satisfaction towards electronic resources available in the NDLI
Table 6
Electronic resources available in the NDLI
Highly satisfied Satisfied Not Statist fed
48.92 40.22 10.86
The result reveals that 48.92% of student teachers were highly satisfied, 40.22% were
satisfied, and 10.86 were not satisfied with the electronic materials available in the National
Digital Library of India (NDLI).
Figure 6
Electronic resources available in the NDLI
49%
40%
11%
Students satisfaction
Highly statisfied
Statisfied
Not Statistifed

14. 13
Have you attended the NDLI awareness Programme?
Figure 7
NDLI awareness programme
A question was asked to the respondent, have you attended any NDLI awareness
programme. The participants of the study stated that 58.70% of student teachers attended the
awareness programme on National Digital Library of India and 41.30% of student teachers
not attended the any awareness programme.
MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
• It was found that 78.26% of the student teachers were aware of the NDLI. 21.74% of
the student teachers stated that they were not aware.
• 78.26 percent of student teachers using the NDLI and 21.74 percent do not. A total of
54.35 percent of student teachers have an account on NDLI.
• Student teachers were well aware of books (94.57%), presentations (93.39%),
audio/video lectures (93.48%), syllabus (89.13%), question papers and solutions
(85.87%) in the NDLI.
• The majority of student teachers used NDLI resources weekly twice (40.22%) and
weekly (32.61%).
• 35% of student teachers were to access audio/video lectures, 22.83% of student
teachers stated that they were to access presentations, 19.57% of student teachers
stated that they were to access books for preparation of notes, 17.39% of respondents
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Yes No
Have you attended NDLI awareness programme?
54
38

15. 14
stated that they were to access question papers for exam preparation, and a smaller
number of student teachers use NDLI for reading articles and other purposes.
• 92% of student teachers were highly satisfied, 40.22% were satisfied, and 10.86%
were not satisfied with the electronic resources available in the NDLI.
• The participants of the study stated that 58.70% of student teachers attended the
awareness programme on NDLI.
CONCLUSION
The electronic resources are a boon for us, both as teachers and students. Teachers are
facing a lot of challenges during online teaching. Due to COVID-19, the schools were
closed. Teachers cannot access the physical libraries. Student teachers need to get quality
electronic resources for learning. Student teachers believe that electronic resources are
helpful to their learning process, and that they can obtain relevant, high-quality content from
a variety of electronic resources from the NDLI. Student teachers can access electronic
resources 24x7, from any geographical location throughout the Covid-19 era. The
conclusion of the study revealed that, 78.26% of the student teachers aware of the National
Digital Library of India. 72% of student teachers who use NDLI have a National Digital
Library account. Many of the student teachers are aware about NDLI resources and have
used a variety of resources for teaching and learning process.
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