Katy Siegel Abstract Expressionism

Katy Siegel Abstract Expressionism
Abstract expressionism, was a movement in American painting that flourished in the 1940s and
1950s, often referred to as the New York School or as Action Painting. Abstract expressionism
according to Katy Siegel was a "creative earthquake that altered the landscape of modern art". This
movement had been considered as especially 'American' in style, this was because of its attention to
the physical adjacency of paint. It had allowed artists to break away from accepted conventions in
both technique and subject matter. Abstract expressionism was quite a successful movement and in
is success allowed New York to become the centre of modern art at the time, a title previously held
by Paris. The works of the movement where highly abstracted, this was used to convey strong
emotional or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The works of this generation range from Barnett Newman's unbroken colour fields to Willem de
Kooning's violent and powerful portrayal of the figure, as well as Jackson Pollock's action paintings
filled with expression. These works resisted definition as a cohesive style and were influenced by
mostly the Surrealist movement and the way of tapping into and harnessing the unconscious mind.
Abstract Expressionism united other artist like sculptors such as David Smith and Ibram Lassaw, as
well as photographers like Aaron Siskind, but primarily the movement was one of painters.
Breaking away from the accepted conventional forms in both technique and subject matter, Abstract
expressionist produced monumental works that reflected their subconscious. The most significant
influence on the Abstract Expressionists themes and concepts was Surrealism, a movement in which
the Abstract expressionists translated into their new style that was fitted to the post–war mood of
anxiety and trauma. The Surrealists opened up new potentials with their emphasis on accessing and
harnessing the unconscious thought and
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Key Elements In Abstract Expressionism
This research article reflects the idea of art being a form of expression in the midst of our human
frailty. The emphasis of the article will explore the idea of spirituality being key element in abstract
expressionism. This article includes the work, Critical but Stable, by Esethu Khambule, which is
inspired by Wassily Kandinsky's Yellow, Red, Blue as well as Frantisek Kupka, Mme Kupka Among
Verticals.
Abstract Expressionistic movement followed one of the gruesome moments in modern history. The
aftermath of World War II created a traumatised society that was in need of sense of purpose and
morality being restored into their lives. This created an art movement that became a means of
finding a "sense of salvation" (Sobel,2014) in a "catastrophic landscape" (Sobel, 2014). Many artists
emerging from this era were fearfully aware of the irrationality and vulnerability of humans and, as
a result, wanted to express their concerns in an untapped art market. Interestingly enough, elements
of surrealism leaked into abstract expressionism. Surrealists opened up a new way of creating art by
emphasising on working with the subconscious rather than the conscience mind. More specifically
psychic automatism is evidence of the influence surrealism had on abstract expressionism. This
allowed for abstract expressionist to value "spontaneity and improvisation" (Paul, 2014) and the
process of the work became more important than the work itself. ... Show more content on
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That shared factor being the spiritual element in their work. For these artists, art was merely a
"vehicle for expressing and developing" their spirituality (Rowan,

Jackson Pollock Number 1 Essay
Abstract Expressionism became one of the most common school of art disciplines for artists to join
because the discipline holds common beliefs. These artists were all committed to expressive art of
profound emotion and universal themes, and most were influenced by the legacy of Surrealism, a
movement that they translated into a new style fitted with the post–war mood of anxiety and trauma
(The Art Story). Abstract Expressionism artwork are typically working with the canvas that can be
attacked by the painter, filled with a variety of colors and abstract form, and vigorous general
expressionism. Jackson Pollock's Number 1 (1950) is regarded as one of the most important
artworks of Abstract Expressionism, which is displayed at the National Gallery of ... Show more
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Pereira's own work demonstrates the use in art of machine–made media and industrial technologies,
an approach advocated by the Bauhaus artists in Germany (Phillips Collection). Irene was so
interested in science that she required her students to take chemistry, industrial mechanics, and
physical study of light at the New York Laboratory School of Design where she taught classes.
Irene's interest in the sciences became a central point and an inspiration for her painting and
constructing her work. Over the course of her career, she incorporated an unusual range of materials,
including paints mixed with metal, glass, radium, and other new materials, into her compositions
(Phillips Collection). This explains the terrain–like sections on the Mecca as they could be mixture
of glass, metal, rocks, and ceramic fluids mixed with paint. Because of the different types of
material and variety of colors Irene uses for her work, the arrangement allows the viewer to look
through shifting facets of color, created by the corrugated surfaces, to the bottom

An Analysis Of Jackson Pollock : Abstract Expressionism
Jackson Pollock was an American painter and began to paint during the mid 20th Century. He
started his own way of painting. These techniques were introduced by influences from the
Modernist time where there was a vast social change that challenged traditional themes and
techniques in artmaking. Abstract Expressionism developed in 1940's. It was the first movement to
achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the Western Art World. As an
abstract Expressionist, Pollock used different layers of diluted, running paint as well as different
tools to make his painting look like it was dripping and crisis crossing in chaotic lines. In the art
world Modernism affected the ideas, attitudes, and practices of artists. The ... Show more content on
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Another balancing act is going on between bright and dark, and near and far. Because if their
brightness one is tempted to take the yellow, white, aluminium and orange swirls as the figure,
because they are laid over a dark blue–black background. That idea clashes with the fact the vivid
swirls are themselves overlaid by the blue–black of the poles. Moreover, while we see the poles as
pulled closer because their paintwork is physically nearer, we also experienced their darker colour
drawing them away to disappear into the deepest background.
Compared to Pollock, other artists used highly controlled and meticulous approaches to
representation. They would be painting on an easel and be standing upright rather than the ground.
They use a range of different paint brushes and different tools to create the illusion of reality.
Pollock's self–developed process of painting he called his drip technique which came to be known
as 'action painting' challenged and changed the art establishment and the way the painting was done
at the time. In 1943, according to the art critic Clement Greenberg, "Pollock had absorbed and
transcended

Analysis Of ' Blue Poles '
Russian painter and pioneer of abstract modern art, Kandinsky's art and ideas impacted and inspired
many generations of artists, from his students at Bauhaus, to the Abstract Expressionists post World
War 2. Kandinsky contested the boundaries of conventional art making practice through his rare
artistic style that departs from the strict conventions of realism and naturalism formed by the
Academie, and seeks to convey inner spiritual experience by challenging intentions and emotive
capacities. He sought to convey a universal, visual and spiritual language of abstract forms and
colours, along with interpreting his synesthetic experience of music, to create artworks that
transcended cultural and physical boundaries.
Abstract and Modernist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Performed on canvas laid flat on the floor, Pollock makes no physical contact with the canvas whilst
painting. The canvas seems to convey a telling of Pollock's vigorous working methods and turbulent
life to the audience, as the work consists of glass shards and footprints embedded into the canvas.
Pollock's boundary breaking manipulation of surface ultimately encourages artists to imitate his new
and non–traditional methodologies within art making.
Modernist critic, Clement Greenberg coined the term of Abstract Expressionism, and was largely
responsible for the growing reputation of Pollock within the art world. Greenberg assisted in
determining the reaction to Blue Poles by the audience. In The Nation, 20/1/1945, Greenberg
supports Pollock through advocating his artwork in a public expanse, "American painting is much in
need of all three qualities (that is, 'boldness, breadth, and the monumental'), and it is significant that
Pollock, who manifests all three, has already begun to exert an influence, though he has been before
the public hardly more than a year." Greenberg upholds Pollock's name with high importance,
displaying his significance to the Abstract Expressionist movement. Pollock's heavily influential
style was rather radical in its extremity in his time, through his unconventional material practices
and drip techniques, redefining the conventions of traditional painting, in order to

Art And Its Impact On Art
Art. Art is formally defined as "the expression or application of human creative skill and
imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture", yet art is so much more. Art is
not merely drawings and paintings, yet it is an individuals' emotions, their mindset, their heart, all
illustrated through strokes of a brush, sketches of a pencil, or a dripping of paint onto a canvas. The
relationship between art and emotions have become the subject of many extensive studies, but the
emotional influence of art has been established. As viewers, great amounts of society look at artistic
works as quirky means to a financially compensating end. Capitalism, a phenomenon looked at as a
blessing by some, yet a curse by many, has played a major role in increasing the volume of art
production, yet this should not be taken lightly. Art should not be made solely for the purpose of
financial gains, rather art should be produced for an emotional release. Abstract expressionism, an
art form developed in the 1900s capitalized off this rationale: Art should be one's channel of self–
expression, a means to develop an emotional relationship between the artist and the viewers, and
also with a higher spirituality. It was the fall of this movement that truly encouraged capitalist
exploitation of art, through movements such as the Minimalist movement. The true meaning of art
has been saturated by capitalist motives and a hunger for financial gain, rather than true expression
and an

Pop Art vs. Abstract Expressionism
Pop Art vs. Abstract Expressionism
Characteristics of Abstract Expressionist Paintings–optical buzz, all–over composition, Matisse
sometimes painted images on large canvases, as did Picasso but paintings still retained an object like
character– the viewer needed to stand back to see the complete composition. Abstract expressionist
paintings, on the other hand, draw the spectator into them. The field of vision is thus larger than the
field of vision of the spectator, who finds himself in a world beyond measurement (class handouts)
"Portable Mural"
Location– Generally, due to severity of totalitarian regimes of Europe, modernist artists were forced
to flee Europe in order to continue their art. This meant a shift from the art capitol of ... Show more
Aggressive and harsh, raw in colour, the texture thick and heavy as if it had been relentlessly
worked and re–worked over again and again. Pictures don't have the delicacy of Pollock's. Shapes
are vaguely suggestive , pressed together, brush strokes are dense
(Hugh Honour & Fleming, 1991)
Mark Rothko– Abstract Expressionist paintings can be divided into two groups. That of the action
painters and that of the colour–field painters. As melancholic and misanthropic as Pollok, killing
himself in 1970. Understood that to paint a flat form painting destroyed illusion and revealed truth.
He was very aware of the spiritual dimensions attainable in abstract art, some of his works being
described as deeply religious. (Hugh Honour & Fleming, 1991)
Aim–to communicate with basic human emotions. To express tragedy, ecstasy, doom and so on.
Origins and definition of Pop Art–
Pop Art was a 20th century art movement that utilized the imagery and techniques of consumerism
and popular culture as well as mass media and advertising
Pop Art– defined as 'making impersonality a style' by using the imagery of commercial art and other
mass media sources. (Hugh Honour and John Fleming, 1991) Pop Art, a movement in the 1950's
and 1960's, is based on 'popular culture' and is concerned with such phenomena of modern life as
commercial posters, packaged foods,

Postcolonial And Its Effects On The United States
Postcolonial refers to the period after official decolonisation but also refers generally to the shifting
of dominance within a colonial structure. Colonialism and imperialism (a policy of extending a
country 's power and influence generally through colonization or the use of military force) is about
land, ownership, dominance and power, whereas post colonialism is concerned with the history of
colonialism, racial representation, and the representation of the 'Other'. Past and present inform each
other and each depends on the other, which creates a continuous flow into the following periods.
Once the Second World War had ended and left behind it complete destruction the world was then in
a state of geopolitical tension. This division was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individualism played a key part for Gutai artists. During World War II, Japan's dictatorial
government were more about a national body. They shut down any idea of individual expression.
Artists in Japan rebelled against this attitude and rather encouraged the public, children and others to
"do what no one has done before!"1 Japanese painter and secretary of the Gutai group, Akira
Kanayama used tubes of paint or felt–tip pens affixed to a remote–controlled toy car to create his
own type of action painting. These works were a reference to Abstract Expressionism, particularly
Jackson Pollock's drip technique. His works appear very similar to Pollock's however Kanayama
was actually offering a playful critique of Pollock by producing such intentionally similar works
mechanically, therefore rejecting the psychological and personal factors that Pollock emphasized.
The title of this 1957 painting, 'Work' was a common one for Gutai artists. It was a sign of their
complete rejection of representational art and their refusal to tell the viewer what to think.
Alternatively, Saburo Murakami's 'At One Moment Opening Six Holes' involved the artist hurling
himself through a series of enormous kraft paper screens. The paper was stretched taught across a
frame, causing a loud explosive sound as he broke through each sheet as quickly as possible. This
piece revealed Murakami's desire to go far beyond the limits of the

Georgia O Keeffe's Abstract Expressionism
Introduction
Abstract art achieved its way into America soon after World War II. A group of artists identified as
Abstract Expressionists started designing pieces of art that embraced personal value. Abstract
Expressionism is a movement that was established in New York City. Artists participating in the
movement applied abstraction to communicate personal feelings in their design applying powerful
colors, structures, and lines. The fascinating feature regarding abstract art is there is rarely no topic
to the portrait / statues. Still with no theme abstract artists apply unpredictability and passion to
describe what they are compassion on the painting. Throughout this era, there were a number of
artists who adopted this type of painting. Georgia O'keeffe happened to be one.
Georgia O'Keefe started as an artist at an early age and later moved on to broaden her love for art at
the Art Institute of Chicago in the early 1900's. A few of her admired pieces from this early age
consist of Black Iris (1926) and Oriental Poppies (1928). She was one of the best American artists of
the twentieth century, extremely recognized for her beautiful flower portraits and other attractive
designs till her passing on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her use of the bones of animals alongside the flowers creates the mirage of the womanly shape. Her
selection of bright colors, lines and shapes help me to appreciate the beauty in everyday things that I
normally don't look at very thoroughly. It is apparent that she was her work, in anything that she
created she incorporated feeling and emotion. When she painted, she painted according to how she
was feeling whether it be a modern painting, an abstract painting, a landscape painting. She took
simplified natural forms like clouds, plants, and waves and used them in charcoal drawings with
exquisite abstracted, expressive lines and shapes. Without a doubt, Georgia O'keeffe was an
amazing

Frank Stella Research Paper
The work of Frank Stella presents itself as a catalyst. It is equipped with a three–dimensional energy
that goes beyond the limits of the canvas and spreads itself onto real space. His creations invite us in
to interact. He is one of the pioneers of Minimalism, with his famous black paintings (1958–60) ,for
which he received early and overnight recognition and acclaim . Those "Black Paintings" consisted
of, basically , 'stripes of black house paint laid out in stark repetitive, patterns separated by thin lines
of unpainted canvas'.(Fig 1) In the evolution of its production, he becomes a pictorial reference to
exuberance, through his layering buildup and works that are full of curves, twists and contortions.
If, in the beginning, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between 1958 and 1960, with a series of 23 canvases known as Black Paintings, Frank Stella
cancels out any trace of visual illusionist effects or references, and creates "non–relational images".
He builds a linear pattern, organizing a structure of parallel stripes. With the phrase "What you see
is what you see" , he lays out the elements of absolute flatness of his painting, building, by doing so,
a logic rationale to their visual system. It is time for the reasoned geometric rigor of symmetry,
regularity and serial repetition. In his minimalism, Stella eliminates color, he uses black paint and
then metallic gray and copper paint to reduce the idea of illusion. By focusing on unity and the
fabric surface homogeneity – the "all over" – he begins to express one of the aspects of the
minimalist movement. These paintings are part of the exhibition "Sixteen Americans" held in 1959
at MoMA.
Nonetheless, the reductive course that Stella chose takes him to an alternative path: he chooses to
end austerity, by replacing monochromatic stripes with multiple colors and shades that immediately
take the viewer to spatial interpretations. Stella's art does not take into account the limits of the
traditional rectangular canvas , always reminding us that no matter what connotations his paintings
may evoke

Jackson Pollock Research Paper
Jackson Pollock, the American Cowboy
Jackson Pollock is arguably the most renowned American artist. He helped foster the first explicitly
American art movement, and his painting, Number 17A, ranks fifth on the chart of most expensive
paintings ever sold. So how does Jackson Pollock, a man from Cody, Wyoming, become a
celebrated artist at the center of the abstract expressionism movement? Simply put, by appealing to
the American character.
For this exploration into Pollock, the American character will be looked at through the lens of one of
the five myths: the frontier myth. Through a study of his upbringing and his works it becomes
evident that Jackson Pollock's popularity can be attributed to his use, whether deliberate or not, of
the ideology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to how the American dream is not confined by conventional boundaries, Jackson Pollock's
art was not confined by the conventionalities of the art world. For example, instead of a paint brush
Pollock often used a stick, instead of an easel, the floor. It would be convenient to dismiss this as a
ploy to be different and attract interest, but Pollock claimed it was out of necessity rather than
choice. In an interview with William Wright Pollock explained that "the modern artists have found
new ways and new means of making their statements. It seems to [him] that the modern painter
cannot express the age, the airplane, the atom bomb, the radio, in the forms of the Renaissance or
any other past culture" (Karmel, 1999). Although Pollock changed the art world in a concrete way,
the extent of the impact Pollock had on the art world may not be explicitly clear. In an interview
with Bruce Glaser of Arts Magazine, Lee Krasner, one of Pollock's wives and a fellow abstract
expressionist, said that "[Pollock's] painting shifted the focus of attention from French painting to
what was happening here. ...It breaks once and for all the concept that was still more or less present
in Cubist derived painting, that one sits and observes nature that is out there" (Karmel, 1999).
Pollock is a revolutionist; he changed the art world in an enormous way giving way to numerous art
movements: color field painting,

The Cold War And The American Abstract Expressionism
With the increasing influence of communism spread by the Soviet nation, tensions rose between
Russia and the United States, starting the Cold War. Communism, an ideological theology derived
by Karl Marx, promoted the war against separate social classes. In this philosophy, meant to free the
excessively poor working class from the oppressive shackles of the rich, the abolition of private
property, the government control over education, communication and labor, and a heavy income tax
were crucial elements. Though the people ruled under this system maintained their natural rights,
such as the freedom of speech or expression, they could only do so if they expressed ideals
supported by the government. Due to the restricted expression that communism supported, Russian
artists were forced to follow the confines of communist ideals in their art. Though the validity of the
art as a weapon was previously thought to be solely a tall tale, it is now known that the American
Abstract Expressionist movement became a vital tool to the CIA, and the art form was weaponized
through propaganda.
Though, throughout this time period, "the great majority of Americans disliked or even despised
modern art," it was an essential art movement in the 1950s and 1960s, and the "CIA fostered and
promoted American Abstract Expressionist painting around the world for more than 20 years,"
creating a meaningful impact on the outcome of the Cold War (Saunders). "Abstract Expressionism
stood for, above all else,

Art Before The Twentieth Century
Art before the twentieth century was used to visually tell a story or represent an idea, but it was not
until the twentieth century that artist's began to break down art into the purist basic elements.
Abstract art is a movement that does not incorporate an underlying message and instead allows the
artist to work with form, color, and shape in a way that applauds its simple beauty. Abstraction in art
forbids reality to be seen and instead the medium is used to create an artwork that is essentially
nothing from this world. In return, the viewer is forced to fight their way through the artwork to try
to find a meaning that is just not present (Greenberg 37). This allows the viewer to step back and
instead and be drawn in by the extravagance that can be created by the use of only the basic art
elements. This form of art was unconventional in the beginning but developed with movements like
Dada and abstract expressionism which have influenced the American artistry in today's age. The
Dada movement was as spontaneous as the name itself. Modern art in America represents the
evolution of taste which represents the people of that time (Rosneberg 36). The First World War
caused a group of artist visionaries to break away from conformity and to create art that would
cause protest. Furthermore, Dada came to be an anti–art movement where people began to create art
that was not part of the social norm and by doing so it caught the people's attention. Marcel
Duchamp challenged people to

The Role Of Abstract Expressionism In American Art
Abstract Expressionism is considered a triumph in American Painting. It is still the most discussed
and debated form of twentieth century American art, and still influences generations of artists. It
used the cultural references of the tragic, the unconscious, the sublime and the primitive to create a
unique and evocative style of painting that was unique in the art world.
Though some may view Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism as similar, the thing that made it
fundamentally different, according to Motherwell, was that the artists worked more `directly' and
`violently' and on a `much larger scale physically than the surrealists ever had.' (Page 40, David and
Cecil) It also seems important to Motherwell to have a style that ... Show more content on
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That a painting could be read in this way reveals its sublime aura.
Rothko saw the `clouds of colour' in his paintings as abstract `performers possessing tragic or
ethereal demeanours.' (Page 23, Hopkins) The size of the paintings functioned as a representation of
scale. Viewers could measure themselves against the coloured blocks. `This could lead to the feeling
of being enveloped or transported out of the body,' (Page 23, Hopkins) Frank O'Hara also
considered scale important in Pollock's paintings, because of the `emotional effect of the painting
upon the spectator.' (Page 28, O'Hara) `Blue Poles', by Pollock is seven feet high and some sixteen
feet across. Robertson describes it as a `world self contained and utterly convincing which the
spectator should be flexible to enter, explore and move about in.' (Page 29, Robertson)
Gottlieb and Rothko were inspired by primitive and archaic art, but removed any symbols from their
original context, making their connotations inaccessible to the general public. The viewer could not
tell what these symbols meant to the artist by simply viewing the painting, but this was perhaps not
their intention. The artists themselves viewed their work as a `poetic expression of the essence of the
myth.' (Page 10, David and Cecil) Primitive mythology often inspired the Abstract Expressionist's
painting, including

Autumn Rhythm, By Robert Rauschenberg, And Marilyn Diptych
Abstract Expressionism began in the 1940s and the 1950s in New York after World War II from the
ideas of Surrealism about art that looks to examining the unconscious mind, and the feelings people
hold that makes us all humans. Through the discussion of Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) by Jackson
Pollock, I will define Abstract Expression and why this work is part of this movement. Then,
through the discussion of Canyon by Robert Rauschenberg, Target with Plaster Casts by Jasper
Johns, and Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, I will explain Assemblage and Pop Art and why each
of these works belong to those movements. Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) is Jackson Pollock's most
famous piece that shows action painting, a defining technique of Abstract Expressionism, and his
innovative drip painting technique he developed in 1940. Pollock created his piece by placing the
canvas on the floor, then he used brushes, or even his hands and started to drip the paint on the
surface. His distinct technique of painting makes him absorbed in the creation of his art piece
without being aware of what he is doing. Therefore, Pollock is free from realism and from his own
self through painting because it relieves his anxiety now that he is focused only on his art. Pollock's
work is classified as non–objective because Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) cannot be related to any
recognizable object from real life, so he is not constraint by reality, but goes outside the box as if
liberated to soar free and paint from his

Artwork is Not Art Because of Theory
Whether it be writers, painters, sculptors, musicians, or photographers, artists all over the world
have striven to show people their views of the world, of people, and even of the universe itself.
Throughout history the creative urge of man to present to fellow men a different perspective or
representation of life–or even the afterlife–has surfaced time and time again in the form of artwork.
Sometimes it comes through genius and complexity, full of meaning and symbolism. Others, it is
simple and void of any clear meaning at all other than that it is art. Soon, however, there became a
point when the work of art was no longer something one could just look at and understand; the
principle of the matter had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, Modern Art allowed the "culturati" to move even further apart from the rest
of society–they could be even more unique than before because they actually liked this stuff that
was strange and pointless to try to understand if you didn't know the theories it was being painted
behind.
As Wolfe explains, however, it isn't just the "culturati" that cause this great influence on
art theory. Art critics all over the United States want, as always, to fit in with the chic of the chic and
to be able to control what fashions are the craze. It is, after all, their critiques which usually control
the flow of the fashion. Modern Art's foremost critical influences in the United States, as Wolfe
presents in The Painted Word, are Greenberg, Rosenberg, and later, Steinberg.
Greenberg believed that art was heading into a final destination of "purity", and that the
final destination of all that is truly art is what he called "Flatness" (Wolfe 49).
Essentially what this meant was that because the painting is indeed a flat surface made to appear
like a three dimensional plane by the painter, most painting was illusion. They began to conclude
that the two–dimensionality of the canvas plane was what was important, not the illusion they could
create on it. Greenberg seemed intense on the point of flatness–as Wolfe puts it, it became "an
obsession,

Essay on Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism
"New needs need new techniques. And the modern artists have found new ways and new means of
making their statements ... the modern painter cannot express this age, the airplane, the atom bomb,
the radio, in the old forms of the Renaissance or of any other past culture."
Jackson Pollock
Rarely has such a massive transfer of influence has ever touched the world as did in the Paris to
New York shift of the 1940's and 1950's.
All of the characters of American art were to be expelled in a rapid shift of power. No longer would
American artists be the lamb suckling at the teat of European sources, American art was to dispose
of narrow–mindedness, an uninterested public, and liberate itself into a valued and ... Show more
Cocky and brash; the American artists began to shake off their European influence and claim
themselves as the new superior art force. Within a few short years and without many groups
becoming aware of it New York had displaced Parisas a world centre of the arts. Something that
arguably still exists today (however capitals such as London have begun to take centre–stage).
During this period a small section of artists had the courage to challenge social realism and regional
life that had characterised
American art of previous decades. They drew their inspiration from the bright–hued art of the
American Indians and their picture writing, the
Mexican revolutionary muralists, Surrealism in some forms and Russian
Abstraction. They admired the scale of cave paintings, the lack of composition and the feeling of
freedom. Like the Expressionists they felt that 'â€¦the true subject of art was man's inner emotions,
his turmoil, and to this end they exploited the fundamental aspects of the painting process – gesture,
colour, form, texture – for their expressive and symbolic potential' (Robert Motherwell, 1951). They
felt that the frame of mind of the artist when he creates a work of art could be instantaneously
revealed by gesture and brushstroke, explaining themselves using arm movement before
inappropriate objects or pre–determined meaning. The term 'Abstract Expressionism' was first
coined by critic Robert Coates

The Dissolution Of Pollack 's Vision Of Non...
This art analysis will define the dissolution of Pollack's vision of non–representational art/action
painting to identify the reduction of rhetoric found in the color field art of Mark Rothko and Barnett
Newman during the middle of the 20th century. Abstract Expressionism was typically defined by
Pollack's "action painting" methods, which sought to objectify the painting process in a complex
and busy style of "rhetoric" applied to canvases laid on the ground and dripped or splashed with
paint. Rothko and Newman agreed with this new non–representational style by reducing the rhetoric
of Pollack's organic style by simplified geometric presentations of space with carefully selected
fields of color. Newman's "zip" method sought to reduce the separation of objects through a single
line to move away from Pollack's chaotic use of paint. Rothko tended to focus on line divisions in
an abstract geometric method that allowed the color to become the primary focus of the painting. In
this manner, Rothko and Newman sought to abstract color fields to be the most reduced form of
non–representational art in the Abstract Expressionist School. In many ways, Rothko and Newman
led a new school of Color Field painting to contrasts the emotional energy and highly complex
action painting of Pollack during this historical period. In essence, an analysis of the reduction of
rhetoric in the work of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman define the shift away from complex
painting methods utilized by Jackson

Glisten Essay
I decided to choose my subject by walking around the museum and seeing which one "called" to
me. I chose Glisten (1972) by Sam Gilliam because the bright colors grabbed me as soon as I saw it
and a feeling of happiness washed over me. Sam Gilliam (b. 1933) is a very well known African–
American painter, innovative for his use of three–dimensional canvases (University of Kentucky),
who is a part of the American Abstract Artists group, as well as many other movements, such as the
Washington Color Field movement (Malyon). Glisten is a 27 x 73 15/16 x 3" acrylic on canvas 3–
dimensional artwork (University of Kentucky).
The lines in the painting seem painterly, meaning I couldn't find any distinct borders to them. It
seems most apparent in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The colors have a mostly high value and equally low and high saturation. Seeing as this is a non–
representational piece of art, I can only say local color is being used.
Though it's safe to say no color goes unused in this work, I notice a lot of usage of blues/purples,
reds, and yellows. I believe he uses these colors to convey the message he is sending. The color
gives the painting a lot of emotion, as if you're looking at a sad mood turn into a bright happy one.
In addition to its emotional effect, I can visualize the bright yellow at the top of the painting
representing the sun. I can gather this from the title, as if the sun's yellow rays are "glistening" on
the blue hues below, possibly water.
The color scheme of the painting looks as if it's somewhere along the lines of complementary and
analogous. The colors contrast each other, but also compliment them in a very specific way. It is
very clear with the splashes of red on the blue down in the bottom left corner. This work has a very
open palette, as you can tell by the usage of many colors. The color is very expressionistic. The
intentional variation of the color speaks volumes of the mood being portrayed. When standing in
front of the painting, the dominating warm colors seem to disregard the sad blues and purples,
giving the observer a happy, peaceful feeling. I would imagine looking at the

Research Paper On Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism In the early fifties, the United States witnessed the emergence of the
hydrogen bomb and Miltown sedatives, a Cold War repression and consumerism began to shape the
post–war society. In this unshaped world, the abstract expressionists materialized their desperate
striving for spontaneity, freedom and the re–discovery of self and the human context. Their
romantic, anti–capitalist hope, with all its weaknesses and contradictions, was telling them that the
values embedded in their art could overcome the artistic concept and transform society. Behind this
impulsive energy, there was the rigorous life choice, which required a total commitment. Pollock's
words perfectly described this tendency "Painting is my whole life." It is hard to imagine a greater
contrast for the cowardly cynicism of the postmodern art world. American abstract expressionists
didn't want to conform to the ruling political and social ethos – Newman, Rothko and Adolph
Gotlieb were convicted anarchists. Abstract expressionism, also known as the heroic abstraction,
New York school, gestural painting and action painting was the last big attack of postmodernism on
the ruling culture, the end of painting as the symbol of opposition and breakthrough. ... Show more
but outside, as well. The U.S. government grasped the opportunity to use its unique style as a
representation of American democracy, uniqueness, and cultural openness. During the Cold War
period, the U.S. government promoted and financed international exhibitions of Abstract
Expressionism as a means of political marketing. Either they tried (unsuccessfully) to follow in the
footsteps of the pioneers, like DeKooning and Pollock and their authenticity, many artists found it
difficult to pertain to the metaphysical concept of the abstract expressionism in a society overtaken
by consumerism, economic boom, and development of mass

Essay The Art Cowboy
Booze, cigarettes, sex, beer, curses, affairs, abuse, paint: All of those are factors in Jackson Pollock's
life, however, one stands out above all as the most important one, paint. America's greatest painter,
born in Cody, Wyoming on January 28, 1912, had a deeper connection to this colorful, flowing
liquid than anyone else in history. Blood did not run through his veins, but oil and pigment, tar and
sand did. He became something else while he painted. He became his painting. No other painter in
history had been able to do what Jackson Pollock did. Jackson pushed past any boundaries in the
world of art. He created something new, and at the time no one had been able to do that. Jackson
Pollock shocked the world of art by introducing a new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was after he moved to Long Island that he discovered what he was to be truly famous for, his
"drip paintings." According to the Smithsonian Museum of Art, Pollock began working on the
ground, on a not stretched canvas, throwing and dripping raw materials such as sand, tar, and paint
on the canvas (2). This was of painting without subject matter is known as "action painting" (2).
Indicated by one source, he needed to view his painting from all angles and step around it (National
Gallery of Art 2). This is part of the technique and action painter uses to "get into his or her
painting." He had developed the ability to become completely part of his painting (2). In the film
Pollock, when Krasner discovers Pollock's new way of painting she says, "You've done it Pollock.
You've cracked it open." This is exactly what Jackson did, he "cracked open" the art world, exposing
new skin and breaking all the traditions. Rugoff indicates that Pollock, with strong influence, had
changed painting from a traditional compositional technique to something else, making his paintings
look more as sculptures (442). Along with the finished product, the method Pollock used to paint
was "out–of–the–ordinary." Pollock painted physically, in almost a performance art technique
(National Gallery of Art 2). His movements could not be repeated, however, the artwork always
came out how the artist wanted it to (2). Pollock says himself

Abstract Expressionism Course Analysis
This is the last module for the course. Within this module we will be reflecting on the past eight
weeks and what you have learned in this course. From the first flight at Kitty Hawk to landing a
man on the moon, and personal computers, the later half of the 20th century brought extraordinary
change to our world. After the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the artist needed to find new
ways to express himself or herself. Abstract Expressionism was an expressive art of profound
emotion and universal themes. Most of those themes were shaped by the legacy of Surrealism. The
abstract Expressionist artist translated surrealism into a new style fitted to the post–war mood of
anxiety and trauma. The artists in this movement made America the center

Abstract Expressionism In Modern Society
During the time of the 19th and early 20th century, became a time known as modern society, known
for its modernity and time of modernism. During this time, artists were flourishing and growing into
their own skin, pushing the limits in art, never seen before. This was a time where society became
dominated by industrialization, modernization around civilization. The focus became more on
machine–age life than ever before. But with machine–age life came the city life, below the night–
lights where new art forms developed. This was a time where the man by the name of Edward
Hopper became apart of the spotlight. Hopper was considered a realist type of artist. His imagery of
figures within urban settings goes well beyond their role as modern cityscapes, exposing the under
layer of the human experience. Though he was considered a realist, his work was during a time
between the World Wars. By considering the dramatic use of soft lighting, smallest action and
representation of smaller spaces, Hopper led the way towards Abstract Expressionism. A hot topic
during this time was discussion of work led by Willard Huntington Wright. Wright believed that,
"art had principles of form and organization that could be rationally discussed and that it progressed
toward a goal of purity" (p.16, Hills). Wright's work and analysis was known as being a formalist
meaning, " modern art tends toward the elimination of all those accretions so beloved by the general
– literature, drama,

What Is Abstract Expressionism
"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It demands that you know how to draw well,
that you have a heightened sensitivity for composition and for colours, and that you be a true poet.
This last is essential." – Wassily Kandinsky.
OVERVIEW / GENERAL PRESENTATION OF CONCEPTS
Art historians typically identify the early 20th century as an important historical moment in the
history of abstract art as artists worked to create what they defined as "pure art" – creative works
that were not grounded in visual perceptions, but in the imagination of the artist. Influential works
from this time period include Picture with a Circle (1911) by the Russian artist Wassily Kandinsky
(1866–1944) and Francis Picabia's Caoutchouc (1909).
Through much of the 1950s, the dominant art movement in the United States was Abstract
Expressionism. A highly popular branch of Abstract Expressionism was called Action ... Show more
Some built upon the ideas of the Abstract Expressionists and some rejected them.
One of the movements to reject Abstract Expressionism was Minimalism, a movement aimed at
eliminating all excess in order to expose the most basic essence of art. So, what these two styles
have in common. In my opinion, for one, there's that desire to strip away naturalist representations
in order to find some element of truth. Also, the reduction of a painting into flat colours was
something being explored by Abstract Expressionists like Mark Rothko.
In contrast with Abstract Expressionism and its impulsive and gestural expression of the
unconscious, Minimal artists focused on material aesthetics, the relationship of objects to space, the
effects of light, and producing highly reduced arrangements. For example, Donald Judd (1928–
1994) followed these basic principles, arranging coloured aluminium boxes in different ways,
above, or next to one another.

Abstract Expressionism and Frank O'Hara's Writing
Abstract Expressionism and Frank O'Hara's Writing
While researching everything about American cotemporary poet Frank O'Hara, it became very
apparent that art was a driving force in both his personal life and his professional writing career.
This can be proved by merely trying to find information about him in the literature section in a
library. Only his collected poems can be found, but much more information about Frank O'Hara can
be found in the art section. Many art books dedicate entire sections to celebrating O'Hara's poetry as
complementary to the art of the abstract expressionist movement that was occurring in New York at
the same time that O'Hara was writing his poetry. Even general art books that merely explain the ...
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Defining their artistic vision is difficult because they were acting out at the very idea of defining
artistic ideas. David Anfam, author of Abstract Expressionism, explains that the movement was
groundbreaking and resulted in a drastic change in the attitude toward both the past and future of art.
The movement ensued with astonishing speed and meticulousness, and Anfam further describes the
movement as "at once striking yet inwardly complex" (7–8). The movement found its way into the
New York art scene after World War II, and it continued for approximately fifteen years. The
painters of the movement were survivors of the Great Depression, World War II, Holocaust, and age
of nuclear weapons. This sparked a sense of anxiety and urgency in their painting, a feeling
Americans identified with.
There was also a sense of renewal and rebirth at the end of the war era. The artists were searching
for a way to step away from the conventional subjects and styles, neither of which they felt were
able to convey their new vision. They drew inspiration from all directions and valued individuality.
Abstract expressionists sought to express their subconscious through their art. The process of
expressing their vision was also very important to the painters. How they painted the piece of art
was just as important as the work itself. All were influenced by Existentialist ideas, which
emphasized

A Critical Analysis Of Jackson Pollock And Steve Jobs
All individuals living within a community, are constantly being influenced by others while they
develop their personalities, habits, and morals. Some people are naturally inclined to follow and
others are confident enough in their own thinking to lead. A leader must think for themselves,
allowing their uniqueness to translate into creative solutions. An individual's decision to follow an
unpopular path will always be either applauded or scrutinized by others, which can be discouraging.
It is important for individuals to both listen to what others have to say about their work, while also
remaining confident in their abilities. Trailblazers like Jackson Pollock and Steve Jobs show that in
order for an individual to successfully take their own path in life and perpetuate it, they must find
their calling, be confident in their abilities, and listen to other's critiques without allowing
themselves to become filled with pressure or self doubt. Jackson Pollock succeeded in developing a
new artistic technique to depict the world by accepting culture's initial reactions understandingly
and remaining confident in himself. Pollock broadly describes the origin of his use of abstract
expressionism in a 1949 interview with William Wright. He explains how he practiced many of the
great historical art techniques in school, but felt that "the modern painter cannot express this age, the
airplane, the atom bomb, the radio, in the old forms of the Renaissance or of any other past culture"

America's First Superpower
Unlike the rest of the Western world, America came out on–top in the aftermath of the second world
war. Instead of their economy being crippled by debt, like England and most of Europe, The United
States of America came out stronger than ever before, lifted out of the depression to become the
world's first superpower. The war had created jobs and prosperity for the American citizens. No city
felt this as much as New York, who emerged after the 4 year war, a different city. The economic
dominance of New York came quickly. In the late 1940's it rose to became the world's largest
manufacturing centre. New York also became the world's financial capital. Not only trading goods
through ports but trading hundreds of millions of dollars each day through the stock exchange. New
York was acknowledged as a superpower by the United Nations who selected the city as their
permanent headquarters. It was observed by E.B White that "New York is not a state capital or a
national capital – but it is by way of becoming the capital of the world". It seemed that everyone in
the world was recognising New York as the superpower it was fast becoming. And so, many young
flourishing artists made their way from the repressed, debt burned and rising fascism power in
Europe, to the prospering and 'free' New York. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this they looked to primitivism like many before them, versing themselves in their ancient ways
of expression. In a letter to "The New York Times" in June 1943, Abstract Expressionist artists Mark
Rothko and Adolph Gottlieb with the help of Barnett Newman wrote: "To us, art is an adventure into
an unknown world of the imagination which is fancy–free and violently opposed to common sense.
There is no such thing as a good painting about nothing. We assert that the subject is

Abstract Expressionism Essay
abstract expressionism It was a full 170 years after Americans had their political revolution that they
won an aesthetic revolution. American art to get rid of its inhibiting mechanisms– provincialism,
over–dependence on European sources, and an indifferent public– and liberate itself into a quality
and expressive force equal to, or exceeding that of art produced anywhere within the period. Few
would argue that the painting and sculpture that emerged from the so–called New York School in the
mid 1940s was the foremost artistic phenomenon of its time and was labeled as the Abstract
Expressionist movement. Abstract expressionism was a reaction to social realism, surrealism, and
primitive art in the 1940s; this is a turning point in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sacred signs overlaid over unconfined surfaces were appealing because the artist was not restricted
by a framing edge. They also admired the scale of cave paintings. They were very big and
encouraged their followers to paint big. The most significant impact of primitive art was the cave
paintings admirable freedom, which influenced the free, unbound style in which the abstract
expressionists painted. The revolt of fascism and realism is freedom, which is articulated in the free
form style of the Abstract Expressionist.
Americans for generations had sought to achieve their own artistic maturity and had largely failed,
either by inadequate assimilation of European models or by America's own provincialism. The
Abstract Expressionist Movement was so influential because it was the first time that American
artists were doing something new and different from Europe. American Artists for the first time had
an advantage over Europe, which virtually transferred the center of the art world from Paris to New
York. Ironically, it was the paralyzing poverty of the Great Depression that gave younger American
artists their first advantage. Beginning in 1935, with the Federal Art Project organized under the
Works Progress Administration, artists could earn a living as artists and do so free to create in
whatever manner they might choose. "They could even gravitate to New York, traditionally
America's safe haven for the revolutionary, and there band together as a beleaguered

Western Painting
Many people say that arts come from life. Whatever you face in your daily experience, all of them
would become the source, the inspiration, the soul of the artwork.In this essay,I would like to focus
on the paintings form of art. How do the paintings reflect the attitude of the artists? How do the
paintings reflect the philosophy and value of the world? No matter you are eastern or western
people,paintings are just not about the skills, but they also convey the feelings of the artists.
Needless to say, there is still a great divergence of traditional Chinese painting and Western
painting. Generally speaking, Chinese painters love to use realistic techniques to express unrealistic
things and their feelings in addition to the fact that they want ... Show more content on
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So I would combine them together as to compare with Chinese painting style more sophisticatedly.
Abstract expressionism is the pioneer of western abstract painting style.It was to use exaggerating
brushwork to express emotions, so it is similar to Xieyi. However,the level of thinking may be quite
different. Most of the artists would like to express their personal feelings like happiness,sadness
rather than national feelings by using objects.(Seitz,1983) By contrast, Color–field painting was the
development of Abstract expressionism and the purpose was similar in addition to the fact that
background was tremendously crucial. (Wilkin,2007) The only difference is that the subject matter
in color–field painting is the color, the object is not necssarily important.(Artstory foundation)
Willem De Kooning represented the Abstract expressionism while Kenneth Noland represented the
color–field painting.Willem De Kooning was the prominent Abstract expressionism painters and
urgely objected to the restrictions imposed by naming movements.He said "I'm not interested in
'abstracting' or taking things out or reducing painting to design, form, line, and color. I paint this
way because I can keep putting more things in it – drama, anger, pain, love, a figure, a horse, my
ideas about space. Through your eyes it again becomes an emotion or idea."(Artstory foundation). It
means he like the freedom of painting to tell people his emotions.Some of the famous paintings
were the women features. In the other way, Kenneth Noland was an significant painter who insisted
on producing his paintings in soak–stain technique.He focused on the choice of color, to determine
how the background integrated with the subject to become a full subject.(Webb,2011)I will use each
one of the paintings for the two style to illustrate its difference and the value

Jackson Pollock And Abstract Expressionism
The Encyclopedia Britannica reads "Abstract Expressionism, broad movement in American painting
that began in the late 1940s and became a dominate trend in Western painting during the 1950s."
Abstract Expressionism was the first art movement to emerge from within the United States. During
World War II, European refugees came to the US to avoid persecution; many of which settled in
New York City. Among those seeking a safe haven where artist, writers and poets as well as
collectors of the arts. Paris had been the center of the European culture and the capital of the art
world, which was replace by New York. In the 1940s New York boasted the nation's strongest
financial system, a large upscale market for luxury goods, and a flourishing high culture based on
many museums, galleries, universities, artists, writers, publishers, magazines and journalism. Many
Abstract Expressionists were influenced by artist of the Surrealism movement in their thinking of
releasing of the minds unconscious. Among the most prominent American Abstract Expressionist is
Jackson Pollock. Pollock was influenced by Thomas Hart Benton. Benton was the artist that painted
a series of murals in the House Lounge at our state capital located in Jefferson City, Missouri.
Pollock believed that the "process becomes the subject", which means that the making of the
painting is the art, more so than the finished piece itself. Pollock used large canvas that he would
pour multiple types and colors of paint on, he

Adolph Fredrick Reinhardt Biography
Adolph Fredrick Reinhardt was an American abstract artist, writer, critic and educator. A quick little
timeline discussing his school and some of his associations, work or group related. He studied art
history under Meyer Schapiro an art historian at Columbia University, New York from 1931–35,
Reinhardt also painted with Carl Hotly and Francis Criss both American painters at the American
Artists School from 1936–37. Later on Studied at the National Academy of Design with Karl
Anderson in 1936 and worked for the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project from
1936–39 while being a member from 1937–47 of the American Abstract Artists group. Reinhardt
later continuing his studies at the New York University Institute of Fine Arts from 1946–51. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His Monochrome Paintings the ones that contained nine squares of different shades of black, one of
his most remarkable works. Contributed artworks for many books such as "Who's who in the Zoo"
and "A good man and His good wife." Published many cartoons and illustrations while working for
the Picture Magazine. Many works included the "How to look at Art" series. Reinhardt has also
protested against the Metropolitan Museum of Art and designed many leaflets to voice his
objections with the museum. His idea of minimalism and his style of modern art influenced many
abstract artists during the

The Path Of Pop Culture
THE PATH TO POP CULTURE
Art 212 Research Paper
The Path to Pop Culture
One of the most influential time periods with in Art Culture was Pop Art. It paved the way for Art
that that challenged the convention of fine art. This is my attempt to learn about Pop Art because I
want to show how the WWII was an influence on Abstract Expressionism. That later influenced Pop
Art. This way I can help my reader understand, the power of Pop Art. During this paper I plan to
discuss, World War II and the effects philosophic thinking, inspirational artist of the 1960s that
opposed the Abstract Expressionism movement and compare the movements. World War II had a
drastic effect on the world after it ended. Many felt abandoned by their home nation. ... Show more
This resulted in the shift from figurative to abstract imagery and from material to spiritual content.
These effects were common of those who lost their homes during the war"1. In Physiological terms
it's called Existentialism, this theory is based upon existence and how you see yourself within
humanity. The birth of Existentialism came, after the Great Depression. It then followed again after
the Second World War. This state of mind comes to life generally, when they believe human life is in
no way complete and fully satisfying. Due to suffering and losses that occur when considering the
lack of protection, power, and control one has over their life. Even though they do agree that life is
not optimally satisfying, it nonetheless has meaning. Existentialism is the search and journey for
true self and true personal meaning in life. In art terms a way to express this disconnect was though
painter 's creative process. It was an act of necessary self–assertion, an expression of freedom and
authenticity. Harold Rosenburg a powerful art critic of this time strongly believes in order to
understand Abstract Expressionist painting, you need to understand existentialism. The philosophy
played an important role in shaping Rosenberg's notion of "Action Painting." Meaning what was to
go on the canvas was not a picture but an event."2 Rosenberg viewed this as a personal

The Differences Of Modernism: Clement Greenberg And Ronald...
Modernism has found new expressions in art which in turn have changed how people critic and
understand art, in this essay I am going to focus more on abstract expressionism. Debates in this
movement have gone as far as influencing many artists and the two well–known critics who have
made this movement more remarkable and have changed the art world completely are Clement
Greenberg and Ronald Rosenberg. On the writings of these two gentlemen about art I will try to
draw out the differences in the idea of what abstract expressionism is and what it is supposed to be,
compare and outline the similarities and the differences between the two critics.
Modernism as a profound historical base of art that intimidates past known traditions, questioning ...
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For Rosenberg Abstract Expressionism is not a continuation or explanation on what was in the past
or re–defining it as Greenberg had proposed, he says it was losing it. Whereas Greenberg wrote that
action painting was a total drift away from art. On the basis where the two critics where trying to
convince each other of what is and what art should be they came with a defining type of style of
painting in abstract expressionism, well Greenberg's idea was a response to Rosenberg's idea of
American Action Painting , but its aim was accurate. American Type Painting "is an empirical,
sustained, and unrelenting attempt to refute the claim that abstract expressionism painting
constitutes a break with the past" (O'Riordan, 1957:5). Greenberg states that art should be a self–
justified meaning, art should be able to defend its reality through the means of its features and gives
nothing similar to any other, and he then states that if that type of art is seen as similar it should be
eliminated, for example "a representation of objects – trees, people, fruits, tables, buildings, horses,
etc. they can be produced not only in painting , but just as well, if not better, in sculpture,
photography, and film, thus they are not essential to painting and must be discarded in art that
aspires to be modern" (O'Riordan, 1957: 6). In Greenberg's American type painting an artist would
be acquired to

Jackson Pollock The Greatest Living Painter
"Jackson Pollock: Is he the Greatest Living Painter in the United States?"
This article was published in LIFE magazine on August 8, 1949 in the United States. It is a primary
source. The author's name is not provided, which is a potential limitation of the value of the article.
The article describes Jackson Pollock, his life, his art, and his fame. It is informational, but due to
the nature of the magazine, it was likely written for entertainment value. The article highlights the
controversy surrounding Pollock's art, describing the views of both his supporters and critics. It also
provides direct quotes from Pollock on his art making process. It establishes the legitimacy of
Pollock's art. The author seems to attempt to remain unbiased by

Abstract Expressionism During World War II
During the time of World War II, Abstract Expressionism was one of the most popular arts
movements. Abstract Expressionism developed in New York around the 1940s. Most of the art
works that were created reflected on the artists' emotion after the war. These paintings were not
meant to be realistic but to express people's inner emotions, which people were in not in favor of
these arts pieces. Some of the most popular artists that were famous for their art pieces were Jackson
Pollock, Archlie Gorky, and Mark Rothko. Abstract expressionism art has helped these artiest
express their emotions in ways that cannot be understood because emotions are not concrete.
Abstract art is not so much of what a person is looking at, but it's about what is happening

Jackson Pollock Number 1 Analysis
Sandra Barrios
Art History ll: Abstract Expressionism
November 7, 2016 During the period of Abstract Expressionism, many of the artists were starting
their works of art after World War ll. This started around the 1950s and it was a major point in time
for the American artists. During this time, artists interpreted their own way how they viewed
European art and made a type of new genre into the American art world. Jackson Pollock, "Two
Statements" interprets that during this time, it was not about how the viewer was supposed to see
what the art, "looked like" but to feel how the paintings moved with the colors, lines, and space.
Abstract Expressionism was a movement for artists to show their works of how they interpreted the
way a painting should represent itself as shown by the artwork, "Number 1, 1950" from Pollock.
The Excerpt, "Two Statements" from Jackson ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many critiques would say it was sort of a "performance" because you can see the many movements
Pollock makes around his canvas. His paintings were also not on an easel, he would have his canvas
laid out on the floor and used different brushes, sticks, and other objects to create the splatters, drips,
and lines. He also used his hands to leave hand–prints behind on the canvas since he was using the
caveman style art form. Most of his paintings were large as well other abstraction artists, but he
would also do murals as well. Carl Jung stated it was a form of the "Collective Unconscious"
because Pollock was interacting with the painting, feeling and moving around so he can become as
one. The work that Pollock made was to make his viewers see or feel the interaction made on the
canvas the same way he felt when he was making the

Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism is making its comeback within the art world. Coined as an artist movement
in the 1940's and 1950's, at the New York School, American Abstract Expressionist began to express
many ideas relevant to humanity and the world around human civilization. However, the subject
matters, contributing to artists, were not meant to represent the ever–changing world around them.
Rather, how the world around them affected the artist themselves. The works swayed by such
worldly influences, become an important article within the artists' pieces. Subjectively, looking
inward to express the artist psyche, artists within the Abstract Expressionism movement became a
part of their paintings. Making the paintings more of a representation ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In comparison to the Modern Artist Barnett Newman, Mark Grotjahn's paintings have similar formal
decisions to His predecessor. In Mark Grotjahn's works, the outward appearance of his butterfly
pieces might resemble similar formal concepts from Barnet Newman's paintings. A likeness, present
within Grotjahn and Newman's paintings, is the vertical line bisecting the canvas. Which Barnett
Newman coins this aesthetic a "zip", or the use of a single vertical band . However, the semblance
between the two artists stops there. As Barnett Newman's initial influences within his paintings such
as, Onement, 1 1948 (Fig. 1), derive from his religious backgrounds of Judaism and the ancient text
of the Kabbalah , Grotjahn's inspirations are completely different. The true meaning behind
Grotjahn's paintings is inspired by nature
Using natural phenomenon as a starting point for abstraction, Mark Grotjahn's paintings straddle the
polarities of artifice and nature. His painting, Lavender Butterfly Jacaranda over Green (Fig. 2),
expresses his fascination with nature. Transferring the experience of observation to an intrigue of
creative possibility, Grotjahn harnesses the mysticism of nature through aesthetic formality.
Another Contemporary Abstract Expressionist Artist within the exhibition is Torben Giehler. Like
Grotjahn, Giehler's work is in comparison to a Modern Master, Mondrian. Born in Bad Oeynhausen,
Germany in 1973 he

The Rothko Chapel Essay
Mark Rothko is recognized as one of the greatest artists of the twentieth century and during his
lifetime was touted as a leading figure in postwar American painting. He is one of the outstanding
figures of Abstract Expressionism and one of the creators of Color Field Painting. As a result of his
contribution of great talent and the ability to deliver exceptional works on canvas one of his final
projects, the Rothko Chapel offered to him by Houston philanthropists John and Dominique de
Menil, would ultimately anchor his name in the art world and in history. Without any one of the
three, the man, the work on canvas, or the dream, the Rothko Chapel would never have been able to
exist for the conceptualization of the artist, the creations on ... Show more content on
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Rothko was well accepted in the New York art community, but experienced limited success during
this time. Needing to add to his income he took a position at the Center Academy instructing
sculpture and painting and maintained this position from 1929 to 1952. As Rothko advanced in his
painting style he began to metamorphose from using imagery and symbolism to using colour fields.
Typically his paintings feature large rectangular expanses of colour arranged parallel to each other,
usually in a vertical arrangement. The edges of these shapes are softly uneven, giving them a hazy,
pulsating quality, and they seem to gently hover or float over the canvas. The paintings are often
very large and the effect they produce is generally one of calmness and contemplation, but in spite
of their tranquility, they cost Rothko enormous emotional effort: 'I'm not an abstract artist...I'm not
interested in the relationship of colour or form or anything else. I'm interested only in expressing
basic human emotions–tragedy, ecstasy, doom and so on. And the fact that a lot of people break
down and cry when confronted with my pictures show that I can communicate these basic human
emotions...The people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience as I
had when I painted them ( Chilvers 515).' In 1960, for the first time, John and Dominique de Menil
visited Rothko in his studio in the Bowery of New York City. They had a dream and they wanted his

Abstract Expressionism In Willem De Kooning'sWoman On Ochre?
By Ruthie Bowles, Contributing Author for What Sells Best News
LEAD
CLIFF, NEW MEXICO – WFAA, an ABC News affiliate, reports a stolen Willem de Kooning
painting was found hanging on a wall behind a door in a deceased couple's home. Someone stole the
rare painting from the University Of Arizona Museum Of Art over 30 years ago (UAMA). Experts
estimate its value to be $160 million.
BACK STORY
Investigators are still baffled by the painting's theft, which took place more than 30 years ago, based
on WFAA reporting. The mystery surrounds the Willem de Kooning painting called "Woman on
Ochre". The beautiful oil on canvas hung on the university's walls for 20 years before thieves stole it
in 1985.
The spirit of the art world celebrated when Willem de Kooning was born in 1904. Born in the
Netherlands, he came to America as a stowaway, and made port in Virginia. Later in his life, he
traveled to New York, and it was there he found his home.
According to The Art Story, experts label de Kooning as one of the most influential Abstract
Expressionist painters. Surrealism, Expressionism, and Picasso's Cubism heavily influenced his
work. He is known for "action painting", which means that the piece itself feels like it is still in
motion based on a variety of techniques and characteristics.
A couple wiled their way into the museum prior to operational hours. While the woman captured the
security guard's attention, the man snuck to the upper floor and sliced the painting from its

Katy Siegel Abstract Expressionism

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