Ancient China Versus Ancient Greece Essay

Ancient China Versus Ancient Greece Essay
Ancient China Versus Ancient Greece Ancient China and Ancient Greece were two vastly different civilizations with different cultures; they shared a
multitude of similar political, economic, and philosophical achievements while also inholding multiple differences. The centralized government of
China differed from the independent city–states of Athens. A similarity that both civilizations held in regards to politics would be the role, or lack
thereof one, that women played within their respective governments. China's economy was focused on the internal trade and technological
advancements while agriculture, trade, and slavery made the foundation for Greece's. However, the two shared a link within whom they traded with as
well as both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chinese traded through the Silk Road and the Greek traded with a plethora of different countries. The difference between Ancient China and
Ancient Greece, however, was the fact that China was more internally focused with their trading. The Chinese traded silk, jewelry, leather goods,
spices, and other foods. The Greeks traded exotic African animals, animal skins, as well as other agricultural products. The Greeks and the Chinese had
both traded with the Indians however they did not make contact with one another. Another difference between the two civilizations would be the usage
of slaves. The Chinese did not find slaves to be extremely useful and went about doing their own thing. The Greeks had a different idea. They used the
slaves to work for labor as well as servants for those within the upper class. The people of the Ancient civilizations exceled at a multitude of things, such
as the Chinese with their technology and the Greeks with their architecture. China produced a large amount of objects ranging from a compass, iron
tools, plows, and much more. These advancements made farming and other tasks much easier and therefore improved the economy. The Greeks had
immersed themselves within architecture and the improvement of the structures and physicality of buildings. The Greeks had developed many styles
of architecture, arcs, as well as columns. These advancements to the buildings and columns did not make an impact on the economy,
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Similarities Between Egypt And Greek Civilization
The first major civilizations were established along rivers, which provided the inhabitants with transport for trade and farm produce. Each of the
civilizations shared some similar characteristics, such as living in cities, they had a form of writing, they depended on trade and agriculture, and they
formed governments, were polytheistic, as well as had advanced forms of architecture and art . This paper seeks to examine the similarities and
differences between the Vedic–Aryan civilization and the Egyptian civilizations during the Pyramid age.
The Vedic–Aryan Civilization
The Vedic–Aryan civilization took place between 1700 BCE and 100 BCE in the northwest India after the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization. The
Vedic–Aryan civilization got its supplies from the Indus River, which provided a source of water for crops and animals. The people practiced trade
with sea–going crafts as evidenced by the sea–faring harbor discovery in Lothal, India. The civilization was characterized by urban planning, sewerage
system, as well as units and measures for trade purposes.
The Egyptian Civilization
The Egyptian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two civilizations have since passed down the cultures of writing and architecture with an emphasis of city planning as well as flood walls and story
buildings although the Aryan lifestyle was more leaned toward agriculture and stock breeding but lived in the settlements occupied by the earlier Indus
Valley civilization counterparts. However, the two share a common reason to their decline which can be attributed to severe flooding and unrests
among communities. The Vedic–Aryan civilization caused the decline of the Indus Valley civilization as well as an absorption of the traditional
practices and believes into their own culture, the pyramid era signified the beginning of a fresh civilization from scratch

Civilization and Freedom Essay
Section – 1
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Civilization
Civilization occurs when a society moves to an advanced state of social development with complex legal, political and religious organizations. There
are several definitions for civilization, for instance, "the people slowly progressed from barbarism to civilization"; "the quality of
excellence in thought and manners and taste"; "a man of intellectual refinement"; "humans living together in an organized
way".
Freud defines, "civilization is a process in the service of Eros, whose purpose is to combine single human individuals, and after that families, then
races, peoples, and nations into one great unity, the unity of mankind. But man's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When civilization consciousness develops with the knowledge of physical and social environment, and it enforces the limits and extents to these,
primary drives.
Further Freud divided the human psyche into three separate but interacting elements: the id, the ego and the super ego. Freud described the id as a
reservoir of psychic energy, the pool of biological drives that arise from our needs for food, water, warmth, sexual gratification, aggression,
avoidance of pain, and so forth. And he believed that these drives direct all human behavior. The id is an unconscious force, with no link to objective
reality. It seeks one thing only: the discharge of tension arising from biological drives. The id's exclusive devotion to gratification without regard for
logic or reason, reality or morality, is called the pleasure principle. According to Sigmund Freud human beings are essentially biological creatures with
strong instincts, one among them is aggression, it as Freud calls: "an original self subsisting instinctual disposition in man . . . the greatest
impediment to civilization." At this point the difference between primitive and civilized man arises. Primitive man could satisfy his bodily
needs in his id, as it is, whenever and wherever he wanted. Thus he could achieve his freedom fully in his gratification of his primary needs. But even
at that age, the

Essay on Babies Movie Analysis
Different but Equal One–hundred pennies looks, feels, and weighs a lot different than a one dollar bill, yet they are for sure equal in the end. The
pennies are different in so many ways from the bill but they both are going to equal or become the same thing whether it is an ice–cream cone or a
cheap toy. The same goes for babies, babies from all parts of the world grow up in different societies and cultures. They do have unequal things about
their infant worlds, such as having or not having a playground or having little food or a bunch of food. Through all these differences there is still one
equal and same objective, to raise the baby so that it can survive in the culture or place it will grow up in. In the movie Babies there are ... Show more
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The African and American cultures are also very unequal when looked at plainly. African babies grow up with almost no education besides maybe
learning how to hunt or gather on a small scale. An American baby grows up around books and is required by law to go to school. Both babies are
raised to be successful in there society. An African child does not need to be educated in such a simple society where their work is to just to
survive and live off of nature and surviving to them is very successful. The American child will grow up in a super complex society where they
will need a high education to be successful. What this all says about humans is that we have many different cultures and societies and they are all
equal. The reason these cultures or societies are still here today is because they all work. They are all simple or complex enough to the point
where they survive. The amount of money one African family has compared to an American family does not matter because that is there way of
life and both families enjoy their way of life. The societies are both equal in success because success is not weighed in money or power it is
weighed by the people who live comfortably in there society. To realize all of this through a Marxists lens is hard. Because when people look at
Africa's remote society with a Marxist lens they compare it to modern areas just by looking at the surroundings and the objects that they have. Most
people with

A Short History of Progress
The term, progress, is synonymous with phrases that denote moving forward, growth, and advancement. It seems unorthodox then that Ronald Wright
asserts the world has fallen into a progress trap, a paradox to how progress is typically portrayed as it contradicts the conventional way life is viewed:
as being a natural progression from the outdated and tried towards the new and improved. Wright posits that it is the world's relentless creation of
innovative methods that ironically contributes to the progress trap rather than to progress itself, the intended objective. Wright's coinage of the term
"progress trap" refers to the phenomenon of innovations that create new complications that are typically left without resolve which exacerbate... Show
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The humans living in that period were unable to supplement their previous diet, which was rich in protein, and their culture was devastated as a result;
this then, is an example of progress (better hunting methods) that led to the failure of an entire culture as its problems were left unsolved. In his third
chapter, Wright examines two particular civilizations that thrived but eventually declined due to resource depletion. What is interesting is the
similarities that can be drawn from the examples of Easter Island and Sumer, like the widespread ignorance of the masses to actively prevent the
abrasion of their land, the perpetual idleness of people to not do anything even when there was enough time to stop the tragic collapse, to current–day
situations of people who even flat–out deny climate change and claim it to be part of the left–wing agenda. On Easter Island, it was over–logging that
led to their collapse, since as their ecosystem withered away, logging became scarce, and wars broke out for those sparse resources. In Sumer similar
environmental destruction occurred (i.e. overgrazing, land clearing), which should alarm the world population of today of what may become of the
high levels

Vedic And The Vedic Age
THE RIGVEDIC AGE
T.R. CHANDRIKA
UID NO: 121054
ROLL NO: 051
Contents
OBJECTIVE3
INTRODUCTION3
ORIGIN AND HOME OF THE ARYANS3
THE RIGVEDA4
GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND OF RIGVEDIC ARYANS4
TRIBAL DIVISIONS AND WARS5
POLITICAL ORGANISATION6
FAMILY LIFE6
OCCUPATIONS7
TRADE7
RELEVANCE OF VEDIC PRACTICES AND CULTURE IN TODAYS WORLD8
BIBLIOGRAPHY9
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this report is to delve into the importance and study the major features of the Vedic Age and its contribution to today's world.
INTRODUCTION
The Vedic periodalso referred to as the vedic age was that period in the Indian History during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism were
composed. The Indo–Aryans, settled in North India were very closely related to the Vedic Age and its inception. They played a key role in bringing
in specific religious traditions and customs which is commonly referred to as the Vedic Civilization. In the civilizations early days, it was a tribal and
pastoral society based in the northwestern parts of the Indian Subcontinent. It spread to the Ganges Plain after 1200 BCE shaped by the increasing
settled agriculture, a hierarchy of four social classes and the unfolding of monarchial, state–level polities.

ORIGIN AND HOME OF THE ARYANS
The first rays of the sun pierced through and the Sun of Vedic Culture rose on the horizon of Indian History. Who were their ancestors and where do
they become apparent in our cultural view. Questions like this have

From Deep Woods And Civilization By Charles Eastman
In "From Deep Woods to Civilization", Charles Eastman tells his life story about his culture and how he led his life. As an Indian, Charles Eastman
battled with trying to identify with his culture. Charles Eastman decided that he wanted more out of life as it relates to an education, so he went back
to school. He wanted to educate the people and his culture by changing the world's views of American Indians. Charles Eastman discussed the Indian
lifestyle, economic exchange, and religious views compared to the white society. He believed that white culture is superior to Indian Culture. There was
concern about the survival of American–Indian.
Charles Eastman was an Indian of the Sioux Tribe and he was confused about who he was. If it wasn't for his family history, everyone would have
different views about Charles identity. Charles' father wants him to leave the tribe, go out and view the world, otherwise his grandmother thinks he
should stay and help the tribe. For Eastman to leave the tribe, he believes this is a way for him to show the upper and middle–class White Culture his
values, integrity, his manhood, and the stereotypes of other Natives. Charles wants his male culture and Caucasian males to become equal as well as
gain full citizenship with one another. The Natives must overcome racism with the Caucasian population. If they want to achieve white racism or if
they wanted to achieve full equality within the U.S. Society there are steps that must be taken.

Ancient Aliens Essay examples
There is a popular belief that aliens walked the Earth in ancient times, and these theories have created quite a stir in the scientific community. Ancient
alien theorists, like Erich von Daniken and Zecharia Sitchin, believe that extraterrestrials came to earth thousands of years ago. Some hypothesize that
ancient aliens are responsible for ancient technological wonders, and that they helped to shape human civilization. Furthermore, the belief that ancient
gods were in fact aliens, misinterpreted as gods by the ancient people. As it turns out, there is quite a bit of evidence to support some of these ancient
alien theories. However, it is all subject to interpretation, as it has not been validated. Evidence used to support the ancient ... Show more content on
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Erich Von Daniken's theories have been rejected by the scientific community, and some of his early claims have even been proven fraudulent.
However, Von Daniken continues on his quest to prove his theories, and during an interview with Florida Today he said, "Even if someone could find
an object definitely not of this planet, and they could give it to the scientific communities, I'm sure it would take much too long for this society to
accept that something extraterrestrial exists. I have started something. There are 56 million copies of my books worldwide. But now it is not just Erich
Von Daniken. It is others, many others, as well. You cannot kill the idea anymore, never."
Zecharia Sitchin is the author of fourteen works that reference his ancient alien hypothesis. His theories are based on translations of ancient Sumerian
texts, and according to him, coincide with many other biblical texts. Sitchin theorizes that there was once another planet in our solar system called
Nibiru, which he wrote about in his book The 12th Planet. He believed that Nibiru was the home of an advanced civilization, which the Sumerians
called the Annunaki, and are referred to as the Nephilum in the Book of Genesis. According to Sitchin, the Annunaki came to earth to mine for gold
and other minerals some 450,000 years ago, and genetically engineered the human race as slaves. Sitchin's theories have been widely criticized; some
arguing that he is unable to separate fact from

Old Earth Demis Quotes
Adiamante 1. Use quotes (roughly 10 or as many as needed) to describe the societies of Old Earth and The Vereal Union. The quotes are a basis to
proceed from but in themselves they are not enough to make a decent description. You will need to structure the quotes and add your own opinions,
views and arguments. Choose quotes that in some way deal with the points of comparison and society The Construct and The Paradigms of Power
are excellent sources to use. In a far away time the opinions of the ideal society has changed into two very different groups, The Old Earth way of
living and The Vereal Union way of living. The Old Earth of the demis is a ''learning from ancient times'' kind of society. It knows what works after
the long experience of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need of creating all honored heroes is too big and the fear of hurting someone's often sanctimonious attitude towards themselves is a perfect
example of how to create something very problematic that a society doesn't need: "'You are difficult.' Her words remained flat, cold. 'I try to be
honest, and honesty is frowned on in most cultures because it's too hard on people's egos, and that creates tensions that most societies cannot
handle.''' (216). Selfishness and hunger for admiration will lead to the wanting of power which never leads to anything good: ''Power cannot be
maintained and effectively exercised without a moral structure accepted and practised by all because power attracts the corruptible and because
corruption destroys consensus'' (The Paradigm of Power, 37). But with a down to earth, realistic view of life Old Earth can't offer anything else than
a hard, tough reality which always has to be taken seriously. There isn't time for games, and if anyone has a problem with that there will always be
consequences like punishment or even death. To make The Paradigm of power and The construct work dictatorial ways are often necessary, sometimes
in the shape of

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding
Does every human have an inbred evil quality within their soulful selves? Nobel–Prize winning author, William Golding accurately exemplifies the fact
that evil is an inborn characteristic in "Lord of the Flies" one of his finest books explaining to his readers the acrimonious truth about human nature.
Golding started establishing his pessimistic view about human nature throughout his times at World War Two where he came to realize that
everyone has some sort of cruelty within them and it is a natural part of mankind. Set during the time period of World War Two, the book is about a
group of English boys being evacuated safely out of the country, but the plane crashes, leaving the boys stranded on a deserted island, the boys try to
manage themselves in a civilized way, but instead end up becoming savage. Lacking of being in a civilized area, Roger one of the characters, starts
attaining pleasure from hurting others. Jack the antagonist of the novel, due to his immense lust for power, he started showing attributes of savagery.
Ralph the protagonist of the book who started off kind and supportive towards the idea of civilization, he too became a victim of savagery later on. As
portrayed by Golding through the symbolic representation of the "Beast", evil is an inborn characteristic that cannot be evaded and is forever within
humankind. Similar to the Yin–Yang, a Chinese symbol for qualities in life, states that there is a bit of bad within everything good and a bit of good
within

Human Themes in Rango
Human Themes in Rango Nickelodeon's movie, Rango, creates a microcosm society intended to parallel many different characteristics of human
society through the use of animals. This movie shows how lack of resources in one area can affect humans. With limited resources humans will need to
adapt to their surroundings and take full advantage of them for survival, and so everyone's best efforts are contributed a government is made. A
government can give its people a sense of their identity, but when government is not enough for their identity,religion and philosophy come in to fill
the gaps. The movie tells a story of a lizard who is introduced into the real world for the first time. He is dropped into something new, and something
new always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Rango adapts to the town, he becomes introduced to the government that is place at the town.
Often in human history, adaptations such as agriculture and stone tools will make bands of people more efficient. When these people become more
efficient, they can obtain a surplus of resources. When bands of people have a surplus of resources they can start doing other things than just
hunting and gathering. Sooner or later people start specializing. When bands of people start having certain jobs, a system for regulating human
activities becomes needed. This system of organization is known as government. In the film, the government is represented by the mayor. The
mayor though does a great job showing us that governments are often flawed. Governments are designed for the common good, but "power has it
privileges." The turtle learns of the privileges of power, which gives him an extremely human characteristic, greed. Greed is the source of many falls
of government, as it is in Rango. The Roman Empire is an example, because they were so greedy and wanted to keep expanding their empire, they
expanded too far and fell apart. Also, many countries start wars over resources that they already have; they just want more. Wars can drain a country
until collapse, and because the government decides that they will fight the war, their greed is at fault. The mayor gets run out of town because he is
greedy for a better civilization than the one

Lord Of The Flies Essay example
How mankind can't survive without rules and laws
Could civilization live a normal and stable life, without any rules and orders to obey? Could you picture, New York City, with no laws to follow and
everyone doing as they please? Just imagine the disasters that we will experience. In the novel, Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, we see
how each individual character reacts differently to the exposure of complete freedom from an organized society. Also, awe see how this separation
from a structural society causes chaos among all these different characters.
The story begins with 20 pre–adolescent boys who are on an airplane and the airplane crashes on a remote ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When all the boys are gathered together, Piggy starts to ask the names of the kids. This is the second step of a creation of a civilization. Afterwards,
we see, Jack and his choir, come into the story. They are all formerly dressed up which, gives them all a more superior and civilized look than the
other kids. The uniforms create an isolated unity for the members of the choir.
Jack Merridew is presented as the indifferent, older character of the novel. He is the antagonist and could be seen as a devil figure in the story. Jack is
the hunter, the dictator and, throughout the story, is at constant battle with Ralph for his leadership. Jack wants to be in control of the island and the
kids but the type of leadership that he offers is brutal and similar to that of a dictatorship and communism. Jack also believes that the group should have
fun and stuff oneself with the food they hunt. He is not very concerned with the future of being rescued. On the other hand, Ralph wants order and
work and is much more concern with being rescued.
When everyone is more settled down, Ralph suggests that they elect a leader and chief. All the kids elect Ralph as the leader, mainly because he is
the one who found the conch and the one who is holding it. We at once see how Jack greatly disapproves of the decision taken by the kids. He

Essay on Collapse Final
Collapse Final
Question One In his book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond outlines five factors that may lead to a societal
collapse: climate change, hostile neighbors, loss of trading partners, environmental damage, and a society's response to its problems. The climate
change Diamond is talking about here refers to natural fluctuations in weather; fifty years of great weather can lead to a population boom, but followed
by fifty years of bad weather it can lead to collapse caused by lack of food. Before things were written down, word of mouth was how information got
passed down; there is a time limit to living memory and a society could forget that the climate of the place they inhabited didn't ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
All of these factors, with the exception of the introduction of alien species, are rooted in overpopulation relative to the capacity of the environment.
According to Diamond, there are two methods to prevent collapse; the bottom–up method and the top–down method. The Bottom–up method is most
effective in small societies where everyone knows and is accountable to their neighbors. This allows for the community to create and implement a
solution to its own issues. The Top–down method is meant for bigger societies with bigger government, like the U.S. Unlike with the bottom–up
method, the people are not concerned with the well–being of the entire group; they do not have an overview of the entire society. However, a ruler
does, and also has the ability to impose rules and regulations on their society to preserve the environment for future generations. Societies that choose to
implement these methods have a better success rate than those that do not. Also factored into the success of a society is the fragility of the
environment, and choosing an economy to fit that environment. As discussed in class, Diamond uses the method of cherry–picking to prove his
theories. Basically, he picks and chooses which facts to include in his book to best support his theories. It is impossible for him to list all of the
evidence for the collapse of a society

Hinduism, Buddhism, And Classical Hinduism
Hinduism is a very broad term that encompasses a multitude of different backgrounds, traditions, beliefs, and practices. Hinduism, as we know it
today, has gone through many changes. To fully understand how Hinduism became as it is currently, knowledge of its development over the course of
history is essential. This paper will demonstrate the primary shifts of its central beliefs, practices, and goals between periods of Early Vedic, Late
Vedic, and ClassicalHinduism.
Many of the core beliefs of Hinduism have evolved over time, with some becoming increasingly clearer, and others going from merely an idea into
full–fledged beliefs. Karma, Dharma, and the theory of Samsara and moksha are the core beliefs that almost all who define themselves as a practicer
of Hinduism would accept. The belief of karma started out in the Early Vedic periodmerely as "ritualistic action or labor". It transformed into a
"moral law" that incorporated the idea that all actions have fruits, whether good or bad. "Action, which springs from the mind, from speech, and
from the body, produces either good or evil results". This concept of a "law of karma" where good actions yield good results, and bad in bad, extends
from the Vedic idea of consequential action from the confines of the ritual to everyday life.
Dharma has been, and continues to be, closely related to karma and samsara. In early Vedic religion, dharma was considered to be the performance, or
obligation of Vedic ritual action. Dharma was

Western Afro-Eurasia Case Study
A.How did the growth of the first empires in western Afro–Eurasia affect the societies in the Levant and the Aegean? What influence did they have on
the broader region? The formation of the first empires in western Afro–Eurasia originally brought turmoil to the indigenous people in the pursuit of
resources and land but opened the door for a new lifestyle and relations by the traditional and unique values of these empires. The growth of the new
empires ushered in a new era by replacing the societies of that region. Hoping to defeat the Persian Empire, the Greek Empire assimilated with Persian
culture and developed a formidable naval army, ultimately changing the balance of power in the Afro–Eurasia region. However, this conflict between
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nomadic pastoral peoples influenced the settled people through the introduction of new innovations and by connecting different cultures together.
The Parthians, who settled in the former Persian Empire, were a group of nomadic people who became settled. Having assimilated to the Hellenistic
Culture, they introduced horseback warfare in a time of war and conquest. This influence allowed for mobile assaults and long distance attacks. In a
time of global cultures and the cosmopolitan realm, nomads such as the Parthian people greatly influenced settled people and forged global
connections. In addition, The Kushans led to the unification of the tribal groups in present–day Afghanistan. The Kushan Empire greatly contributed to
the Silk Road as well, a crucial trade route that connected much of Afro–Eurasia. Although the Kushans were illiterate, they began to adopt the
Hellenistic culture and mix it with Indian culture, common to a theme in this period of cultural diffusion. The Kushan people also followed and taught
many different religious cults, from Zoroastrianism to Buddhism to the Vedic Culture. The Kushan people are a prime example of the spreading of
cultures and religions by nomads. For instance, Avalokiteshvara targeted traveling merchants and nomads in the teaching of Buddhism. After
converting to Buddhism, these merchants began to spread Buddhist ideals to other nations, forging global connections. Through the relationship
between the nomadic and pastoral peoples, the nomadic people greatly influenced existing cultures and reinforced global

Saul Bellow Response essay
In Saul Bellow's essay, Hidden Within Technology's Kingdom, a Republic of Letters, he reveals to us that by the 1930's the media was beginning to
make the written word obsolete.
Most of Americans are losing their since of literature. Bellow tells us of how Oswald Spengler, one of the most widely read authors of the early '30s,
taught that our tired old civilization was very nearly finished. His advice to the young was to avoid literature and the arts and to embrace
mechanization and become engineers. Shocked by Oswald Spengler conclusion Bellow refused to me obsolete. He had faced the challenge and defied
the evolutionist historians. A few years later, in an issue of The Wall Street Journal, Bellow came upon an old... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In 2002, only 52 percent of Americans ages 18 to 24, the college years, read a book voluntarily, down from 59 percent in 1992. Money spent on books
dropped 14 percent from 1985 to 2005 and has fallen dramatically since the mid–1990s. The number of adults with bachelor's degrees and "proficient
in reading prose" dropped from 40 percent in 1992 to 31 percent in 2003.
I believe that print media will soon become obsolete if it is not already obsolete. There are billions of cell phone users worldwide. It is much easier
for them to get the bulk of their news and information online. Why would they go to a store to buy a newspaper or magazine, when all they have to
do is turn on a cell phone? I believe with the advent of tablets and e– readers, there will be a time that print media is obsolete. I already find that
anytime I am required to print something, I am shocked that in 2013 we can't have an e–solution. With newspapers dying by the day, I think that
e–media will be the thing left standing. What motivates us to read? Interest, engagement in the topic, desire to understand, having the choice and
recommendation of those we trust leads us to a book. How often do we take the path less traveled instead of turning on a computer or the television?
What might our society lose if people read fewer books? We may be slowly evolving to be less

A Dream About Final Exams in Wislawa Szymborsk's Poem...
Wislawa Szymborska poem "Brueghel's Two Monkeys" starts out in a strange way. It begins out by what the author "dreams about final exams" (1).
Oddly, what she sees in her dream is "two monkeys, chained to the floor" (2). The poem is about the human conditions in different settings of mankind.
The monkeys are the things that of the poets dream about the exam. The monkeys are a symbol of the suffering of mankind–based on the
chains–through the unpredictable events. As said in the last stanza, "One monkey stares and listens with a mocking disdain" (7), while "the other
seems to be dreaming away" (8). The poem is full of metaphors that get the reader thinking about what it means in respect to what the author is
addressing. Reality has junctions in which one is peaceful while the other is harsh. In the poem "Brueghel's Two Monkeys" by Wislawa Szymborska,
we will look at representation of human condition in a certain event. We will examine the human conditions through exams, history, and solution.
In the poem, when it comes to exams it shows a great deal of decision making. In the first stanza of the poem it show a significantly note of
assessment. The part where the two monkeys were "chained to the floor, sit on the windowsill" (2), the line after states "the sky behind them flutters"
(3). The monkeys are being assessed in beginning of the poem. The part of where the monkeys "sit on the windowsill" (2) illustrates the idea of
whether one should stay in the position of where

Similarities And Development Of The Four Early River...
About 5,000 years ago the farmers and gatherers who had dominated the previous 5,000 years began to gather and form into small urban communities.
Starting in river valleys with water for farming, cities began to rise, marking the beginning of civilization. These cities became opportunities for
industry and huge buildings. With the accumulation of people emerged more developed religions and social ranks. Because of the marketing and
records needed these civilizations developed different writing. Various traditions and trades emerged, giving these societies distinct and recognizable
cultures. The long distance trade and developments in the technological and industrial societies, as well as social and cultural change are what mark the
rise of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the mathematical developments made in Mesopotamia, to the pyramids in Egypt, to the intricate black pottery of China, to the highly advanced
drainage system in India these ancient cultures have shaped our developments over time. Though they have all contributed to our cultures and thinking,
these cultures and cities are unique and very different. Despite this, the overall development and growth of these civilizations follow similar patterns
which unite the histories of people all over the world. Ancient cultures and civilization are hard to compare due to their individuality, but despite this
the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese Civilizations are significantly different than that of the Indian

Women 's Status Of Women
Status of Women in India
To understand the actual status of women It is very essential to study the historical background thoroughly. The status of women has gone through the
different stages from liberation to subjugation and from subjugation to empowerment. It is not easy to find answers to questions like when did women
start losing their status or who was responsible for this situation. To understand the status we need to divide the pre independence period in different
segments Ancient, Medieval, British and Contemporary Period. Ancient Period––It cannot be clearly stated whether men and women got equal rights
during the Vedic period. But available sources show that liberal attitudes and practices towards women did exist. Women were actively involved in
religious and social activities. They had freedom to choose their partner in marriage and a widow was permitted to remarry.
In ancient India, respect was given to women as mother 's image, a symbol of life, strength and purity, with immense capacity for patience, sacrifice
and sufferings. In the Vedic and Upanishad period women enjoyed significant freedom so far as political, social and educational activities were
concerned and consequently enjoyed a status and prestige in society. In homes, women were given a greater position to that of men. As they were
treated as the personification of the goddess of wealth, strength and wisdom– Woman was depicted as 'Shakti ', and it was an accepted belief that where
a woman is

Compare And Contrast Mesopotamia And Chinese Civilization
The civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China, were some of the most powerful peoples of the ancient world. Each of these
civilizations contributed aspects to humanity that is fundamental to the survival of the human race. This thought can easily make one wonder "How
did these people attain such power?" " Why were they so successful?" The common factor that each of these civilizations had was that they were all
located next to rivers. The Mesopotamians settled in between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, Egypt was located along the Nile river, The
Harappans and the later early Vedic People chose the Indus River Valley in south Asia, and the capital ofChina at the time was located next to the
Yellow river. While looking... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Mesopotamia, they employed basin and terrace irrigation. Egypt relied on water–lifting machines like the Shaduf and Saqiya, and also the annual
flooding of the Nile (Wisner 11). While in China they built dikes, Square–Pallet Chain Pumps, and dug irrigation canals not only for agriculture but
also to help tame the wild and unpredictable Yellow River(Wisener3 and 11). The irrigation projects that were used were large projects that needed
a lot of manpower not only to build but also maintain. Cities would now need jobs like a ditch digger, engineer, and people to work on maintenance
and upkeep. According to the book Discovering the Global Past, author Merry E. Wisner, and his colleges suggest that "The rulers... did not view the
need for mass labor as an obstacle, but rather saw it as a solution to the problem of unemployment." (Wisner 17) What Wisner is essentially saying is,
that rulers understood how important water was for the survival of their states, and how many jobs would be needed to maintain the water supply. So,
by creating more jobs, it would in turn help boost the

Guns, Germs And Steel Essay
Guns, Germs and Steel
By Jared Diamond
In the book Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond who is a biophysics scientist and a psychologist, set out on a journey to find out the reason
behind great achievements and conquest of the Europeans. What is the secret of success of Europeans? His hypothesis was very original and at first
looked very simple, it was guns, germs and steel. The journey of Diamond took over 30 years and helped him answer the main questions of human
history and what is it that separates humans today from "rich and poor" and from "haves and have not's." To do this he had to go back when everyone
was equal.
His quest started off in New Guinea when he was asked by Yali a New Guinean politician a question: "why you white... Show more content on
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Diamond believes that the main reason why people were able to create such a great civilization in Middle East is because they had over produced food
so people were able to specialize in labor and produce military, leaders, architects, art and such. But why New Guineans were not able to do the same?
Middle East had familiarized itself with farming, which in turn made it possible for people to advance in agriculture which gave them large amounts of
food. They were able to spend less time gathering the food as it was farmed close to their homes. Another important aspect is that planting the
wheat and barley was very simple, all it took was to spread the seed around the field. New Guineans learned about farming as well but they were
not as fortunate as Middle East to have plants that grew from seeds, instead they had to dig an individual hole for each plant and then plant each
plant separate. Once again they were not as efficient as Middle East. Middle East started to develop large communities and build cities and had
great advantages. They were economically stable and had build militaries first for self defense and later to be used to conquer and expand. For
thousands of years Middle East was booming but it all came to a stop. They had over used their land and water resources and followed by a drought
they were forced to migrate and find a new place. They migrated towards west and east and stayed in the same latitudinal region, therefore the

A Primitive Civilization In A Failed Utopia Essay
A Primitive Civilization In A Failed Utopia
Symbolism can be used to represent many aspects of a person place or thing. Throughout the novel the boys lose all symbols that represent there
civilization such as there clothes and uniforms. In this novel symbolism is used to show how the boys change their outlook on their primitive society
and rules. They are used in the novel Lord of the Flies to show the deterioration and destruction of the boys society and rules. The conch, the glasses
and the masks all have a greater meaning in the novel.
The conch is used throughout the novel Lord of the Flies to symbolize law and order of the adult world which the boys try to recreate. "The conch. I
got the right to speak." (p 45,Piggy) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the beginning of the novel the conch represents law and order. As the boys split apart the conch becomes less important and is eventually
destroyed. After all this happens Ralph's small tribe is also destroyed. The conch is used to represent law, order and society in the same way that
Piggy's glasses are used.
The glasses represent logic, order and hope. Piggy defends the glasses more than the conch because he believes logic is more important than
order."Then, with the martyred expression of a parent who has to keep up with the senseless ebullience of the children, he [Piggy] picked up the
conch, turned toward the forest, and began to pick his way over the tumbled scar."(p38, narrator). This shows how piggy thinks of things first.
Without logic there would be no order. The glasses are a sign of hope for the boys. They use the glasses for fire, there rescue signal, to cook there
food and for light to protect them from the beastie at night."his specs, use them as burning glasses!" (P40, Jack). They all work together in the
beginning but the boys slowly lose interest in the fire as different things start to become for important such as hunting and playing. "They let the
bloody fire out..."( p71, Ralph). Ralph says this after the ship, their only hope for rescue goes unseen. Only a few boys remain loyal. The glasses
symbolize logic but the masks the boys wear create an excuse not to be logical and civilized.
The purpose of the masks are to

The Four Paradigms of Human Existence
In these last months of spring for 2014, the global conflicts have been very prominent. As a spectator watching these unrests unfold I am lead to
consider what is driving this unrest around the globe. To give cause to these precipitous events one cannot help but try and get to basics first to help
understand who of the great intellects is looking in the right direction on the future of our world inhabitants. Of the four paradigms, this case of
believable results, shows for consideration to only one predictable paradigm. In defense of stating a clear understanding one must first make look at
the empirical facts and so research and logic first leads us to the understanding of which of the authors of these four paradigms and what each might
have hopefully considered when they concluded the ideas that they put to articles. Humans, which we will refer to from here forward in all
considerations, have very strong constructs that basic biology reveals " Self actualization, Esteem, Love and Belonging, Safety, and Physiological
existence" (Kurt Goldstein's book The Organism). The first, self actualization is basically the purpose to understand one's full potential, Esteem is the
need to feel respected; this includes the need to have ones own self–esteem and self–respect. Esteem also portrays the typical human desire to be
accepted and valued by others. Love and belonging is next and human requirements are always interpersonal and involve thoughts of belongingness
which leads us

Egyptian Civilization And Greek Civilization
The early human lived life by hunting, fishing and collecting wild plant, and their life was not organized. About 5000 years ago, a complex and
organized way of life began in some part of the world. People live together in town, cities and others centers and started farming, industries, and also
started writing, painting and other method of living. Later, there were specialize occupations emerged, complex religions took form and social
diversion increased, and these changes lead to the birth of civilizations. There were many ancient civilizations in the world like, India civilization,
Chinese civilization, Middle East civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization, Roman civilization and others
which greatly contributed to the development of the world history. Each civilization had their own way to follow culture, religions, public life,
economic life, and others. Therefore, in this paper, I will describe how Indian civilization, Egyptian civilization and Greek Civilization made impacts
in the way that we see today's world and how these civilizations affected people's life.
Indian civilization was one of the first civilization in world history. Indian civilization is staged in two steps: About 2600 BCE is known as Indus
Civilization and about 1500 BCE is known as Vedic civilizations. Indus Civilization was peaceful civilization compared to other civilizations. All
evidence shows that Indus civilization was grown under diverse society

Human Culture And Its Impact On The World
Introduction
Humans are one of the smartest creatures to walk on the face of the earth, and we have shaped society in many different ways for many different
cultures. From the beginning of the first civilization till today, humans have had one common goal: how to make things better, and how to become
more efficient as well as more productive. Every revolution that took place in human history, it brought drastic change to ways of living and of course
mostly for good reasons. From the era when the wheel was first introduced to the era when the light bulb was invented, we will agree that today's
human is by far the most advanced human in the history of mankind, and it will only get more advanced.
Business has always been a part of human culture, but overtime, doing business has become more and more competitive. Network is crucial to
business world, as doing business has become more and more global, in order for business to stay competitive and have edge over their competitor
business or any idea has to be global. Everyday there is someone who comes out with a new idea, but most ideas don't make it up to the level where
they become part of a human life and existence. In today's world, social media has become a part of human life and business world. Doing business
anywhere in the world has never been this easy, and staying in touch with your friends and family across the globe never felt this close. Social
networks like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest and YouTube

Was Ancient India The Success Of The Ancient Civilizations
Ancient India was the most successful civilizations out of all the Ancient civilizations. Ancient India was one of the earliest civilizations that there was
back in ancient times and still is a civilization today. They have grown as a civilization by expanding land and taking part of Asia's and building as a
community and government. Ancient India is so important because of the success, the importance in today's times, and how powerful it is compared to
other civilizations.
Ancient India was very successful when it came to ruling, religion, and development. They established effective governments that worked for their
needs and people. Ancient India had pleased their citizens because they had powerful dynasties, and modern changes, which affected the civilizations
majorly. Ancient India conquered excessive amounts of land which made Ancient India grow as a whole and now today. Ancient India's economy was
very strong. "Most people in ancient india where farmers. Farmers mainly grew wheat and rice, and cotton for cloth. They grew opium for medicine
too. India always made money from trade this was because India is between China and West Asia and Europe." This evidence states that india's trading
routes were very good and ended up giving the many extra resources and money due to all of the abilities to sell and trade to other civilizations near
them. India's government brought many people together which improved their government and trust of citizens. "In the beginning of the

Iranian Aryan Research Paper
What kind of society and culture did the Indo–European Aryans create? Include aspects of technology, social structure and religious beliefs.
The Aryan invasion had great impact in the civilization of India. The Aryans brought civilization, horses, cattle, their language, and their rituals and
Gods. The Aryans introduced agriculture among darker skinned Dravidians. Aryans were astronomers and astrologists, mathematicians and engineers.
The Aryans were a light skinned people and they came from the Mount Ararat/Caucasus Armenia region. The Indo
–Aryans are the ethno–linguistic
descendants of the Indic branch of the Indo–Iranians.
The Aryans also brought the use of the wheel, many technological artifacts unknown in India before their arrival. ... Show more content on
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Earliest records of the Indo–Aryans people are in the Rigveda. The Indo–Aryans inhabiting northern India, the bearers of the Vediccivilization are
sometimes called Vedic Aryans, precursors of modern Hinduism. The separation of Indo–Aryans proper from Proto–Indo–Iranians are commonly
dated, on linguistic grounds, to roughly 1800 BC. The Nuristani languages probably split in such early times, and are either classified as remote
Indo–Aryan dialects, or as an independent branch of Indo–Iranian. It is believed that by 1500 BC, Indo–Aryans had reached Assyria in the west and the
Punjab in the east.
The Aryans brought a completely new language and belief system to India. There was a dramatic discontinuity between the Indus valley civilization
(4000BC–2000BC) which buried its dead and had a script which is still not deciphered and the Vedic Period which spoke Sanskrit, the world's oldest
indo European language and cremated their dead. Cremation is a very common way for passing humans within today's society also.
Cremation was started for the health of the people after deadly wars. Using a crematory burial allowed for an expedient burial of the loss warriors, and
quickly became a popular option for

The Earth And Its Peoples: A Global History
Gian Ocampo
Mr. Zozos
AP World History
4 September 2015
The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History– 5th Edition
Richard W. Bulliet, et al.
Chapter 6: India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.
THESIS
1500 B.C.E. to 600 B.C.E., South and Southeast Asia's history illustrates the evolution in Indian Civilizations, including their religion and writing,
which helped develop Indian society.
I. Foundations of Indian Civilization, 1500 B.C.E. – 300 C.E.
India, a large subcontinent that is separated from other lands because of landmasses, like the Himalayas. Northwest is penetrable, but incoming people
have to go through the Hindu Kush Mtns. and the Thar Desert. 1) The Indian Subcontinent
Holds three main topographical zones: Mountainous zone (north) with the Himalayan Mtns. and Hindu Kush, the valleys of the Indus and Ganges
Rivers, and the peninsula that included the Deccan plateau and the Vindhya Mtns.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Monsoon – A seasonal wind that brings in moisture to the Indian Ocean, it is caused by the changes of temperature of oceans & waters.
Monsoons started in June and brought moisture the area of India that contained rainforests and the Ganges Basin. Yearly, there are three harvests of
rice, millet, barley, and wheat
Oceans didn't protect India from invasions and people were able to sail through the monsoons for travel and trade. It is believed that the Indus Valley
has some influence on the characteristics of the Indians. 2) The Vedic Age a. Arya

New Political And Military Structures
Early humans began to form small groups that created a simple culture for survival; however, as human cultures grew, civilizations formed. A
civilization is an intricate culture where large numbers of people contribute a variety of traditional components. Historians came up with seven basic
characteristics of civilization. The seven are as follows: an urban focus, new political and military structures, a new social structure based on economic
power, the development of more complexity in a material sense, a distinct religious structure, the development of writing, and new significant artistic
and intellectual activity (Pg.8). Urban focus was when cities became the centers for political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development
(Pg.8). The first creators of a Mesopotamian civilization where the Sumerians. By 3000 B.C.E, they had created a large amount of independent cities in
southern Mesopotamia. Once the cities began to expand, they began to use political and economic control over the nearby country sides (pg.10–11).
New political and military structures organized government bureaucracy to meet the administrative commands of the rising population. Armies where
also being made to gain land and power for defense. In Sumerian society, kings had power. The kinds where the ones to organize the armies workers.
The army, government bureaucracy, and the priest and priestesses all aided the kings in their rule (pg.11). Another characteristic of the civilization

Analysis Of The Poem ' The Fork ' By Charles Simic
Forks and Feet Surrealism, an art and literature movement aiming to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind began in the 20th century.
In surrealism, authors attempted to juxtapose irrational images such as a fork and a bird's foot. Charles Simic, a famous surrealist author, grew up in a
war–torn Europe which shaped his perspective of the world and deeply affected his writing. In his brief poem "Fork," he initially leads the reader into
thinking his two stanza poem will depict a concise image of one eating food. However, as one reads on, the poem instead guides the reader to a far
darker purpose, there is violence hidden behind everyday normalcies. Using sinister language, Simic immediately sets a disturbed tone. It is only
when one reads "Fork" a second time that the horror of his writing sinks in: our everyday lives are filled with small acts of violence that Simic
depicts through the use of language, structure, and juxtaposing imagery. A break of white space separates the first stanza from the second, creating a
long pause for the reader to question what he or she just read. Second, Simic uses sickening language to describe what one does with a fork in the
second stanza. He draws us into a world in which a simple object like a fork can be transformed into nightmare.
Simic creates a daunting atmosphere by using unsettling diction throughout the poem, leaving the reader with a pit in their stomach. After reading the
first line the word crept, creates a

An Outpost of Progress
A Bridge of "Progress"
–––––––––character analysis of Makola As the only native workers and cultivated nigger in the trading station, Makola in "An Outpost of Progress"
by Joseph Conrad seems to be a bridge between the natives and the white men. Moreover, Makola is not only a bridge as an interpreter for natives
and the white men, but also as a bridge connects civilized and savage culture as a victim of "progress". For the two white men from light society to the
wide Africa, Makola as an interpreter and the native staff is the only one connected point for them to get in touch with natives. But he possesses the
idea of "progress" from western culture deeply. Fortune and wealth accumulation priority while regardless of human value is ... Show more content on
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The abilities that Makola has with a high level of western education and knowledge of the native culture and territory can places him in a distinguish
vantage position that differentiate among either natives or two white men firstly. Moreover, the description that Joseph Conrad characterizes him
"despised the two white men and got on very well with his god that propitiated him by a promise of more white men to play with, by and by" paves the
way for the reversal of the power. Two potential explanations for the totally different depiction of the characters might be inferred that the intellectual
superiority of two white men is taken for granted as the idea that civilized culture should rule savage culture for granted. Another is that Kayerts and
Carlier are so ignorant that there is no intellectual characteristic can be added to them, so Makola is superior to them actually.[i] According to the
Company, making fortune is the first the most important job that the outpost should maintain all the time. In that case, the power of controlling the
trading station must lies in the productivity. As the story continues, the two white men are indeed useless with no value for the purposes of the
Company. They are sluggish and unable to adapt to new environment while

Essay on Exposing the Human Soul in Lord of the Flies
Exposing the Human Soul in Lord of the Flies
William Golding in his novel Lord of the Flies symbolically describes the degeneration of a civilized society in three stages. Embedded within this
story of a group of young boys struggling to survive alone on a deserted island are insights to the capacity of evil within the human soul and how it can
completely destroy society. After a plane crash that results in their inhabitation of the island, the boys establish ademocratic society that thrives on
order, necessity, and unity. Slowly, however, the peaceful society that they create shatters through a path of hatred, disrespect, murder, and the release
of the true human soul.
Upon a desolate tropical island, the lost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One morning, Ralph sees a ship on the horizon and realizes that the new fire they had built is no longer burning because of the negligence of the boys
assigned to be watching it. He is furious, yet Jack and his choir group ignore Ralph's complaints and begin hunting for a wild pig, setting out with
dreams of chase, glory, and slayings.
The difference between common sense and minds influenced and dulled by eagerness grasps the majority of the boys and begins to disintegrate the
peace within their society. Ralph talks to the boys about their carelessness and how it is detrimental to the entire island. Their respect for one another
is wearing away slowly. "They looked at each other baffled, in love and hate. All the warm salt water of the bathing pool and the shouting and splashing
and laughing were only just sufficient enough to bring them together again" (50).
The true problem, however, is the "beast." A small child sees a "beastie" on the mountain and the entire group begins to talk about the subject with
fear and intent of killing it, whatever it may be. After the fire is rekindled by Ralph's orders, Sam and Eric, two young twins, are on duty watching
and they spot a lumpy figure huddled on the forest floor several yards away. They run to the camp and tell the others about what they have seen. Jack,
Ralph, and Roger decide to climb the mountain and search for

Atlantis, a Lost Continent Essay examples
Introduction.
Atlantis was a continent of the Atlantic Ocean where, according to Plato, an advanced civilization developed some 11,600 years ago. Plato affirms
that, as the result of a huge volcanic cataclysm of worldwide extent, this continent sunk away underseas, disappearing forever. Official Science – the
one you learn at school – rejects the actual existence of Atlantis, as it has so far been unable to find any traces of its reality. But the reason for that is
simple to explain. Everybody has been looking in the wrong locations, as Atlantis indeed lies in the opposite side of the world. So been told, of
courseВ…
Wat does the name Atlantis actually means?
The first thing to keep in mind is that mythical terms have a number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At last the existence of a large continent in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean could be read in many ways and so Atlantis can become Antarctica or the
American continent. Regarding the culture of Atlantis we know their customs from Plato but we could suppose there is more than what Plato wrote. But
it is writing by Plato, and although he is old, he didn't life in the time Atlantis was supposed to excist.
Great CivilazationsВ…
Related art with AtlantisВ…
Anyway great civilisations as Egypt, Maya, Aztec seem to serve a memory of Atlantis' culture and history: that is more true as we recognise similar
customs among these different civilisations. During nineties some studies about the great Sphinx reported that it could be older than 10000 year.
Graham Hancock explains in his В‘Fingerprints of the gods' how it could be possible and what really are the great pyramid, Nazca's lines,
pre–Colombian monuments. The answer to certain questions seems to be the same: Atlantis. So we can assume the existence of a great ancient
civilisation without Plato's help. On that way Atlantis becomes a necessary key to explain historical events, cultures, languages etc. Therefore
thousands and thousands of years ago there could be more than one Atlantis, large continents called Lemuria, Hive or Mu. While Atlantis theory is
supported by geological or cultural proofs, only James Churchward mentions Mu, and there is no geological evidence of

HumanitiesвЂ™ Irrational and its Effects on a Utopian Society
The human psyche is divided into rational and irrational drives. Courtesy of Sigmund Freud, it is divided into the id, ego, and super–ego. According to
Freud, although the super–ego controls the other two to present ourselves in a rational state within society, the id often tends to be out of complete
control by the conscious, making it an unconscious action. For Freud, it's the recognition that the irrational is there, that it must be controlled to take
over. Man's aggressive nature does tend to overpower the mind, leading to irrational actions. Both Freud's Civilization and its Discontents and
Dostoyevsky's Notes from Underground show how humans are controlled by their irrational drives and that, as a result, the attempts to create a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Reavers represent Freud's mentioned id, or irrational and aggressive drives. Due to groups such as the Reavers and the Alliance, civilization trying
to improve and create a perfect society will fail due to human's inevitable ways of acting through their irrational psyche. A utopian society isn't possible
because of this and Freud suggests accepting such a reality with imperfections in its inhabitants. Underestimated are the "powerful forces or
irrationalism... [which] would erupt with devastating fury in twentieth–century political life...extolling violence" (Perry 701–2).Those civilizations that
attempt to create a utopian society create the illusion of civilization, the illusion that humans are, in fact, civilized.
Enter Dostoyevsky, an anti–government, anti–socialist thinker and writer who offers a strong theory on man's irrational and failures to create a
"Crystal Palace" society. Being exposed to violence, death, and government suppression through his life, Dostoyevsky was able to write a notable
anti–utopian novel. Moving to the discussion of the rational versus irrational thoughts supported by Freud, rather than viewing humanity as being
"innately good," Dostoyevsky viewed humans "as being innately depraved, irrational, and rebellious" (Perry 682). Like Freud, Dostoyevsky opposed
Enlightenment philosophies of rationality, and believed irrationality was a dominant

Classical Era Research Paper
During the classical era, civilizations around the world, including China, India, and Rome, underwent a period of immense political and cultural
change; these changes paved the way for the past and future cultures to influence the world today. However, in India, a notable amount of change was
seen in a relatively short time; the amount of transformation can almost be compared to civilizations that have lasted twice as long, such as China.
Indian civilization, between 300 – 600 CE, continued as a Hinduism–based society with large amounts of trade, a patriarchal familial structure, and a
caste–based social structure. However, with the short rise and fall of the Gupta Empire, Indian civilization experienced an increase in artistic and
intellectual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its biggest influence on the social structure is the caste system, which separates followers of the religion into 4 main castes, which helped to keep peace
and prosperity in much of India. Within the political system of the Gupta Empire, the leaders retained popularity and control by claiming they were
appointed by the Gods to rule. These leading factors showed that Hinduism continued as the dominating religion and center of life for most people in
India in the classical era. A second continuation within India's classical period can be seen in substantial trade around the world; trade thrived through
300–600 CE. Another notable continuation from classical India is the familial structure, which was similar in many ways to the social structure; it
revolved around Hinduism. Like many other civilizations in this time period, such as China, family structure was purely patriarchal; women were
expected to worship their husbands as gods. The patriarchal families and subjugation of women remained consistent throughout the classical era of
Indian

The Importance Of The Vedic Ritual
On one hand, Brian Smith provides the definition that 'Vedic rituals' refer to the rituals of the Vedic religion and later Hinduism surrounding the
concept of 'Veda', which is defined as 'thought by some to merely signify a Hindu notion of absolute truth or truth in a general sense' (Smith, 1989,
p. 2). On the other hand, later in his book he refers to Marcel Mauss' definition of magic ('Magic gives every outward appearance of being a gigantic
variation of on the theme of causality...it's exclusive aim is to produce results' (Smith, 1989, p. 36)), and from this he claims that from the definition
the 'Vedic ritual can alternatively be called magic or a kind of science' (Smith, 1989, p. 36).
Jamison and Witzel argue that 'The central importance of elaborate ritual activity throughout the Vedic periodcannot be overemphasized. However, it is
also important to remember that our views of Vedic ritual are somewhat distorted by the chronology of the text–types that concern the ritual. It is only
at the very end of the Vedic period, in the Ељrauta SЕ«tras, that we have straightforward, detailed descriptions of ritual' (Jamison & Witzel, 1992, p.
29). In consequence, the meanings concerned in the practice of Vedic rituals may be overexaggerated by researchers due to the lack of understanding
of the texts written about Vedic rituals.
Interestingly though, throughout hundreds of years, the Vedic rites became more complicated and had developed countless rules that were entwined
with the

The Prominence of Evil in Lord of the Flies, by William...
In the dictionary, the definition of evil is morally wrong or bad; malicious. Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, exemplifies how everyone in
society is more evil than good and how it can get the best of all. The book actively traces the problems of society back to human nature and savagery
that lies within the human race. Golding shows how the lacking parental control & no rules, is the downfall of their humanity in as much as they lose
the characteristics society and civilization gives them. Golding's argument is that human nature can be very brutal, and he depicts it with his novel,
showing the savage behaviors of children, killing each other for their own benefits in the end out of selfishness. Olsen states in her article, "Savages
are not immoral but amoral; they are not bad merely because they do not know what it is to be good; for it is neither the development of
understanding, nor the restraint of law that hinders them from doing ill; but the peacefulness of their passions, and their ignorance of vice.'" (Olsen 29)
Everyone has a natural state of savage in their bodies, just we are more evil then we are good; Golding states in Olsen's article, "man is born to sin.
Set him free, and he will be a sinner...'" (Olsen 2), meaning that we are more liable to be evil than good. It's just the way society and culture has been
placed on all of us. William Golding expresses men's wickedness throughout the novel, but more with Jack and Roger. As proof between savage and

The Agricultural Crisis by Wendell Berry Essay example
The Agricultural Crisis by Wendell Berry
In this novel by Wendell Berry, Berry's describes in his thesis that modern culture is destroying the agricultural culture. He feels that technology is
seen as the easy way to produce food faster and more efficiently. With this modern way of farming comes the idea that hard work is not needed to
make a living. The goal is comfort and leisure. Berry feels that this is the reason for the deterioration of the agricultural culture. He believes that hard
work and pride in workmanship is more important than material goods and money. This was by no means a perfect society. The people had often
been violent wand wasteful in the use of land of each other. Its present ills have already taken root in it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They generally are not interested in anything that cannot be reached by automobile on a good road. Some of the farmer's children will be able to
afford to stay on the farm. Perhaps even fewer will wish to do so, for it will cost too much, require too much work and worry, and it is hardly a
fashionable ambition.
Another argument that Berry proposes is the connection between the "modernization" of agricultural techniques and the disintegration of the culture, as
well as the communities of farming and the consequent disintegration of structures of urban life. What we called agriculture progress has involved the
forcible displacement of millions of people. An example of modernization can be seen through the idea of "Get big or get out." It's a policy that says
that you have to become more modern through change and be competitive in order to keep up with the other competitors. If not, than you must get of
what you are doing. This can be used through a comparison of communist using military force in order to remove those who refuse to follow their
demand for change, and the government using their economic power to force farmers to improve their farming techniques. In a "Free Market" the most
successful becomes the richest. To those who could not

The Aims Of Education In Ancient India
paid guru dakshina according to individual volition which could be land, animals, grains, clothes or money.
Aims of Education
1. Inculcating Religion Preaching religion was the major function of literature and culture of ancient India. Religion was predominant in every sphere
of life. So it may be said, the ancient India was built up in religions much more than in political, economic and social field.
2. Salvation The ultimate aim of human society of that age was the achievement of absolute (Brahma) which he himself is, and it was recognized that
the entire visible world in fully pervaded with the absolute. The popular belief in India is that gaining knowledge will also lead to salvation.
3. Development of Knowledge It was the chide aim of education during Vedic period. Knowledge was considered to be the third eye of ... Show more
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Acquaintance and observance of social and national duties This is the fourth chief aim of Vedic period education. The students were mad conversant
with their duties towards the society and the nation and they were duly trained in their observance. The Samavartan ceremony was held at the
completion of education.
5. Preservation and Development of Culture Our culture, since inception, has been religion oriented. Out mode of living, food habits customs and
traditions and values all were based on religion. Therefore the aim of education during Vedic period was the preservation and transmission of our
culture.
6. Moral and Character Development During Vedic period character building meant to train people to behave according to religion and to provide
proper direction to their conduct and thinking on the basis of religion. For the moral and character development of the children, they were educated in
religion and ethics, since inception. They were trained in activities like observance of celibacy, control of sense organs and self–control.
7. Education of Livelihood, Arts and

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