The document summarizes how human activity has impacted the Earth since 4000 BC by comparing the Agrarian, Modern, and Digital eras. It discusses key developments in each period such as the domestication of animals and invention of wheeled vehicles in the Agrarian era, railroads and steamships in the Modern era, and the Internet and space travel in the Digital era. The impacts of these changes on humans and nature are also examined, as well as possible future technologies like the Internet of Things and augmented reality.

1. The Anthropocene
How has man changed the earth since 4000 BC up to the
digital era? Compare Agrarian, Modern and Digital eras. Give
historical examples of the impact these changes had on
humans and nature (need for migration, commerse-transport
and global communication, wars using the development of
science, diseases cured, famines eradicated, poverty VS
wealth: huge inequality gaps in society/western world VS
developing countries)
Dimitra Lykou
C’3
2nd Exprerimental Junior High School
of Athens
Teacher: Dertili Dimitra
2017

2. Table of contents:
•Anthroposcene-etymology (slide 3)
•Agrarian era (slides 4-8)
•Modern era (slides 9-15)
•Digital era (slides 16-20)
•Future (slides 21-24)
https://www.google.gr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiTz7fv1bPSAhVCwBQKHQmTBUsQjRwIB
w&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igbp.net%2Fnews%2Fopinion%2Fopinion%2Fhaveweenteredtheanthropocene.5.d8b4c3c12bf3be638a8000578.ht
ml&psig=AFQjCNEjadi3h_XcF5RIYuBdMaRFmI7vHA&ust=1488401504579171

3. The name Anthropocene is a combination of anthropo-
from anthropos (Ancient Greek: ἄνθρωπος) meaning "human" and -
cene from kainos (Ancient Greek: καινός) meaning "new" or "recent.“
Therefore, Anthropocene stands for the recent acts of the human
kind regarding the effects they have on their own lives and on earth.
Etymology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene
https://www.google.gr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjQt5aJ1rPSAhUF1RQKHQkuAkoQjRwI
Bw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3ammagazine.com%2F3am%2Fthe-rhetoric-and-lethargy-of-the-
anthropocene%2F&psig=AFQjCNEjadi3h_XcF5RIYuBdMaRFmI7vHA&ust=1488401504579171

4. Agrarian era
The Agrarian era consists of the period of time when the
most advanced technology, based on agriculture, on earth
was developed by the agrarian societies. It ended when
modern industrial technologies overtook agriculture in
productivity and began to transform human life in very
different ways.
http://www.alanpedia.c
om/sociology_glossary
_of_the_social_science
s/agrarian_era.html
http://americanhistory.si.ed
u/onthewater/exhibition/4_
4.html

5. As man started to tame animals, such as
•horses,
•oxen and
•donkeys,
there was one more reason why man should create tracks.
Due to the development of trade and in order to avoid animal traffic,
these tracks had to be widened. The travois, which was a frame was
utilized, a few years later, to drag loads.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_
transport
Animal-powered transportation (4000 BC)
http://agrariannation.blogspot.gr/https://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/railroads/pre-industrial-era.html

6. Wheeled transportation (3500 BC)
The earliest wheeled vehicles appeared, in the same time, in
Southwest Asia and northern Europe. The first wheels happened
to be single piece discs, thickening in the middle and thinning to the
edges.
https://www.thoughtco.com/wheeled-vehicles-history-
practical-human-use-171870
https:/
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https:/
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most-
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7. Reference to Polynesia
Polynesian navigators’
sophistication could not be
reached by Europeans.
However, their navigation’s
speed, reliability and precision
had increased noticeably, in the
1st millennium BC.
https://books.google.gr/books
?id=7RdVmDjwTtQC&hl=el –
page 307
https://oceania-and-polynesia.wikispaces.com/

8. The appearance of cities and states in Mesoamerica and in
the Andes managed to show the important spread of culture.
Moreover, the first use of coins and coinages is evident in
those days.
https://prezi.com/tdyozpspg3an/timeline-of-the-agrarian-era/
The creation of cities and coinages
http://oldestcoins.reidgold.com/article.html http://thefurtrapper.com/home/mesoamerica/

9. Modern era
Τhe fields of science, politics, warfare, and technology have been improved
during the modern period. Discovery and globalization have, also, leveled up
during this age. Moreover, the political, economic, and cultural colonization of
the rest of the world began by the European powers and their colonies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C3JBQUrV1s

10. Railways and steamships (early 19th century)
Many attempts have been made regarding the usage of
steam to power boats. The first successful one was
Clermont, a design by the inventor Robert Fulton in
1807.
https://www.cliffsnotes.
com/study-
guides/history/us-
history-i/economic-
growth-and-
development-
18151860/improvemen
ts-in-transportation
http://www.ssmaritime.com/Moeraki-Manuka.htm

11. The beginning of the construction of railroads took place in
1825 and by 1860, there had been laid more than thirty
thousand miles of track.
Railroads’ benefits:
•Requirement of a smaller initial capital investment,
•Offer of more direct routes and
•Commission of fast and year‐round service (in contrast
with rivers and canals).
http://americafrom1865.blogspot.gr/2
012_01_01_archive.html
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/stud
y-guides/history/us-history-
i/economic-growth-and-
development-
18151860/improvements-in-
transportation

12. Internal combustion engine(late 19th century)
Étienne Lenoir was the first to successfully create an internal
combustion engine around 1859 and Nikolaus was the first to
create a modern internal combustion engine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
http://ww
w.douglas
-
self.com/
MUSEUM
/POWER/
unusualIC
eng/Rotar
yValveIC/
RotaryVal
veIC.htm
http://www.reading.ac.uk/merl/nof/victorianf
arming/show.php?start=1850&end=1890

13. https://prezi.com/1
he8p7opznq9/hist
ory-project-
timeline-1900-
2000/
Air travel (early 20th century)
The first powered flight occurred at Kitty Hawk by the Wright
brothers who blazed a trail in R&D, also known as Research
and Development, which had an impact on modern ways of
thinking and mostly flight travel.
https://gr.pinterest.c
om/harrym9/aviator
s-the-wright-
brothers/

14. https://brianholmes.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/do-containers-dream-of-electric-people/

15. Space travel (mid 20th century)
1. Soviet Union’s Luna 2 spacecraft was the first object made by humans, to
touch the surface of the Moon, on 13 September 1959.
2. The first manned mission to land on the Moon was the United States’ Apollo
11, on 20 July 1969.
3. Between 1969 and 1972, there have been six similar missions and numerous
unmanned landings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing
http://www.aarp.org/entertainment/style-
trends/info-2014/new-jersey-celebrities-
photo.html
http://www.giantfreakinrobot.com/sci/huma
ns-landed-spacecraft-celestial-bodies.html

16. The historical period featured by the existence of digital technology.
Digital era
http://www.yourdictionary.com/digital-era
https://www.eremedia.com/tlnt/tech-insights-can-analytics-or-culture-
really-trump-politics/

17. Technology
Technology stands for the compilation of techniques, skills,
methods and processes helpful concerning the production
of goods or services. Technology can be inserted
in machines which can be operated without detailed knowledge of
their workings. And ,of course, it has its benefits and its
drawbacks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology
http://aliljoy.com/2015/10/why-im-fed-up-with-
technology-and-why-you-should-be-too/
http://myessaypoint.com/how-technology-
effects-our-society

18. One example of technology is the Internet
https://digitalunite.com/guides/using-
internet-0/connecting-internet/how-
connect-internet
http://tts.com/blog/impact-technology-
travel-agencies

19. The Impact of the Internet
• Any kind of information can be easily
found
• Communication among people
regardless of the distance between
them.
• Interchange of ideas and materials
among scientists, university professors,
and students.
• Millions of books, journals and
other material are available through the
internet because of the digitization of
public domains.
 Illegal or inappropriate materials can
be found.
 Copyrighting of material for free
 Online social networks can disturb a
person's way of living or professional
activity.
 Some criminals use the internet for
spreading computer viruses or even
highjacking credit card or bank
details for deceitful and illegal
purposes.
http://thecomputersimpact.weebly.com/the-positive-and-negative-effects-of-the-
internet.html
The Internet’s positive effects: The Internet’s negative
effects:

20. http://www.euriskoconsulting.com/from-within/internet-technology-internet-and-ip-traffic/

21. What do you think will happen in the
future?
https://www.slideshare.net/mholliday/humanity-40-draft-presentation/32-HunterGatherer_Era_Agrarian_Era_Industrial

22. Internet of things
https://wtvox.com/internet-of-things-iot/the-internet-of-things-iot-challenges-and-benefits/

23. Augmented reality
http://www.digitaltrends.com/mo
bile/best-augmented-reality-
apps/
https://www.extremetech.c
om/extreme/224618-2016-
is-turning-out-to-be-an-
amazing-year-for-
augmented-reality

24. http://www.travelweek.ca/
news/exploring-future-
travel-space-tourism/
http://www.cityam.com/
topic/space-tourism
Space tourism

25. Thank you for your attention
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