Robert A multicultural city means a city whose members have a diverse cultural values and beliefs. When working in such a city, a nurse should be culturally competence in order to serve all the occupants of the city effectively. Miami for example is a multicultural city because its population involves people from different ethnic backgrounds like Latin American and Caribbean. The main benefit for practicing in such a city is that; Multicultural city helps a nurse to learn more about different cultures and their beliefs and values concerning nursing and healthcare. This helps to expand the mind of the practitioner. For a nurse to give quality services to patients, he or she must be aware of the patient’s culture and background information. Though it may take a while before the nurse learns about the different cultures, it helps him or her become more experienced. Challenges of practicing in a multicultural city There are so many challenges of practicing in a multicultural city. Communication barrier is one of the challenges. When the practitioner and the patient cannot communicate efficiently, therefore the nurse will not be able to deliver effectively (Murcia & Lopez, 2016). Secondly, a nurse may experience culture shock in a multicultural city.  This happens when nurses are confronted with very new cultural beliefs and values and then they try to compare with their own beliefs and everything looks so new. Thirdly, another challenge could be rejection by the city residents. When there is a new nurse with different cultural beliefs and values, chances are the residents might reject the nurse’s services and prefer to be served by only home nurses. This is because people feel comfortable receiving care from people who understand their cultural beliefs and values. References Murcia, S. E. A., & Lopez, L. (2016). The experience of nurses in care for culturally diverse families: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 24. Written assignment 2: Funding proposal Develop a program and write a funding proposal in 2500 words. You will need to choose a public health issue from the National Health Priority Areas (or another public health issue, with agreement from the course coordinator); you can draw on the information collected in Assignment 1 if you wish. As with Assignment 1, you may choose to focus on one of these health issues in a specific population group such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. For this health issue, write a funding proposal which addresses the points below. You should structure your plan using headings and subheadings. Your proposal should include the following project details: 1. Project name 2. Expected length of the project 3. Population target · A brief description of the characteristics of your target population (e.g., CALD, Indigenous, disability, other) 4. A project summary or abstract · Briefly outline who the program is designed for, the goals and objectives of the pro.

1. Robert
A multicultural city means a city whose members have a diverse
cultural values and beliefs. When working in such a city, a
nurse should be culturally competence in order to serve all the
occupants of the city effectively. Miami for example is a
multicultural city because its population involves people from
different ethnic backgrounds like Latin American and
Caribbean. The main benefit for practicing in such a city is that;
Multicultural city helps a nurse to learn more about different
cultures and their beliefs and values concerning nursing and
healthcare. This helps to expand the mind of the practitioner.
For a nurse to give quality services to patients, he or she must
be aware of the patient’s culture and background information.
Though it may take a while before the nurse learns about the
different cultures, it helps him or her become more experienced.
Challenges of practicing in a multicultural city
There are so many challenges of practicing in a multicultural
city. Communication barrier is one of the challenges. When the
practitioner and the patient cannot communicate efficiently,
therefore the nurse will not be able to deliver effectively
(Murcia & Lopez, 2016). Secondly, a nurse may experience
culture shock in a multicultural city. This happens when nurses
are confronted with very new cultural beliefs and values and
then they try to compare with their own beliefs and everything
looks so new. Thirdly, another challenge could be rejection by
the city residents. When there is a new nurse with different
cultural beliefs and values, chances are the residents might
reject the nurse’s services and prefer to be served by only home
nurses. This is because people feel comfortable receiving care
from people who understand their cultural beliefs and values.
References
Murcia, S. E. A., & Lopez, L. (2016). The experience of nurses
in care for culturally diverse families: A qualitative meta-

2. synthesis. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 24.
Written assignment 2: Funding proposal
Develop a program and write a funding proposal in 2500 words.
You will need to choose a public health issue from the National
Health Priority Areas (or another public health issue, with
agreement from the course coordinator); you can draw on the
information collected in Assignment 1 if you wish. As with
Assignment 1, you may choose to focus on one of these health
issues in a specific population group such as Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander people. For this health issue, write a
funding proposal which addresses the points below. You should
structure your plan using headings and subheadings. Your
proposal should include the following project details:
1. Project name
2. Expected length of the project
3. Population target
· A brief description of the characteristics of your target
population (e.g., CALD, Indigenous, disability, other)
4. A project summary or abstract
· Briefly outline who the program is designed for, the goals and
objectives of the project, the strategies and the evaluation plan.
5. Background
· Describe the rationale for your intervention and how you
determined what is needed. In this section you will also identify
the determinants for this particular issue.
6. Project objectives and goals
7. Project plan
· Outline the program objectives and the key strategies and
activities you are proposing.
8. Evaluation plan

3. · Describe each phase of evaluation for your program.
- Write this assignment as a funding proposal. You will
need to provide an abstract, a background section, outline the
aims and objectives, and describe the project and evaluation
plan.
- Provide a word count (excluding footnotes, endnotes and
references).
- Use an acknowledged referencing style , Harvard
reference list
Word limit
No more than 2500 words
Submission
Online via Turnitin on MyUni
Weighting
35%
Written assignment 2: Funding proposal
Develop a program and write a funding proposal in 2500 words.
You will need to choose a public health issue from the National
Health Priority Areas (or another public health issue, with
agreement from the course coordinator); you can draw on the
information collected in Assignment 1 if you wish. As with
Assignment 1, you may choose to focus on one of these health
issues in a specific population group such as Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander people. For this health issue, write a
funding proposal which addresses the points below. You should
structure your plan using headings and subheadings. Your
proposal should include the following project details:
1. Project name
2. Expected length of the project
3. Population target
· A brief description of the characteristics of your target

4. population (e.g., CALD, Indigenous, disability, other)
4. A project summary or abstract
· Briefly outline who the program is designed for, the goals and
objectives of the project, the strategies and the evaluation plan.
5. Background
· Describe the rationale for your intervention and how you
determined what is needed. In this section you will also identify
the determinants for this particular issue.
6. Project objectives and goals
7. Project plan
· Outline the program objectives and the key strategies and
activities you are proposing.
8. Evaluation plan
· Describe each phase of evaluation for your program.
- Write this assignment as a funding proposal. You will
need to provide an abstract, a background section, outline the
aims and objectives, and describe the project and evaluation
plan.
- Provide a word count (excluding footnotes, endnotes and
references).
- Use an acknowledged referencing style , Harvard
reference list
Word limit
No more than 2500 words
Submission
Online via Turnitin on MyUni
Weighting
35%
Yindra Isaac Amador
Nursing Theory
Nursing theories are an important part of both research

5. and practice in order to advance the practice of nursing. The
same theory that is used for research must be used in practice
and proven both effective and essential in order to use it for
research. In a diverse city, such as Miami, the nurse faces many
benefits and challenges as well. A benefit is learning from
different methods of practice and patients. A challenge might
be to apply care and sensitivity with different populations.
Working as a nurse gives you a sense of working with
every walk of life. Leininger’s culture care theory is important
in an environment that is considered a multicultural healthcare
environment where nurses are exposed to diverse cultures. In
the Emergency department we see a large portion of patients
that are from all walks of life. Leininger’s culture care theory
can be applied to disciplines of nursing practice and help in all
areas of nursing.
Leininger’s Assumptions
According to Leininger (1996), Care (caring) is essential to
curing and healing, for there can be no curing without caring.
• Every human culture has generic, folk, or indigenous care
knowledge and practices and usually some professional care
knowledge and practices that vary transculturally.
• Culture care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by
and tend to be embedded in the worldview, language,
philosophy, religion and spirituality, kinship, social, political,
legal, educational, economic, technological, ethno-historical,
and environmental contexts of cultures.
• A client who experiences nursing care that fails to be
reasonably congruent with his or her beliefs, values, and caring
life ways will show signs of cultural conflict, noncompliance,
stress, and ethical or moral concern.
• Within a cultural care diversity and universality framework,
nurses may take any or all of three culturally congruent action
modes: (1) cultural preservation/maintenance, (2) cultural care
accommodation/negotiation, and (3) cultural care
repatterning/restructuring.
References

6. Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2017). Philosophies and Theories
for Advanced Nursing Practice(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA.:
Jones and Bartlett.
Leininger, M. (1996). Culture Care Theory, Research, and
Practice. Nursing Science
Quarterly,9(2), 71-78. doi:10.1177/089431849600900208
Laura Saldivar
Week 8
Globalization has been occuring since the development
of any and all countries, especially the United States
which isconsidering a"melting pot." Various migration have
brought about hundreds of thousands of immigrants into
nations once considered a single ethnic group or religion. As we
are exposed to more and more cultures we become
educated and/or more exposed to others ways of life, beliefs,
values and habits. Leiningers Theory of Cultural Care of
Diversity and Universality demonstrates through
research, practice and education demonstrates that cultural
caring is
extremely important in nursing and healthcare. As nurses it is
not part of our job to judge and hold a bias but to be a
helping hand and educate on scientific evidence that may help
patients, despite their cultural or religious practice. In
Miami for example, there is a large Latino and Haitian
population. Therefore diet, language and
religious practices vary
and should be considered when educating patients. Religion
should be considered and taken into consideration when
DNR's or end of life care become part of the scenario. Nurses
whom speak the patients native language should also be
considered when making the assignment, as patients usually
revert back to their first language in times of stress.

7. References
Leininger, M. M. (1991). Cultural care diversity and
universality: A theory of nursing. New York: National League
for Nursing Press.
Leininger, M. M. (1988). Leininger’s Theory of Nursing:
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality. Nursing Science
Quarterly, 1(4), 152–
160. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431848800100408
GRAPH.pdf (118.843 KB)
alvarez lizandra -week 8
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Now days, practicing in such a multicultural city like Miami can
have amazing benefits but also some down falls. According to
the article and the theory of Culture care diversity, nurses are
now trained to focus on various populations to provide care.
What this means is that nurses concentrate on learning about the
specifics that stand out to each particular population. According
to article, nurses should be inclusive rather than exclusive.
Nurses are to focus on the whole person rather than the disease
or illness. Include the family of the patient in the caring
process. Provide professionalism along with knowledge and
holistic care. Most importantly the theory encourages nurses to
concentrate on learning as much as possible in the many
different areas.
Practicing in a multicultural area provide benefits as it allows
for nurses to be more aware of many cultures and ways of
thinking. Expansion of caring experience and cultural
understanding. Ability to practice sensitivity of the many
cultures and religions. Nurses are more open and able to travel

8. and practice in many areas. Patients are able to receive better
quality care as nurses are more prepared and experienced with
their particular culture.
This topic can also provide some disadvantages if the nurse is
not properly trained. Lack of communication due to the many
different languages can be one of the downfalls. Poor cultural
sensitivity or knowledge can also cause unsafe care.
Regardless, of some of the bad qualities of this theory,
multicultural nursing is the new way of providing care in this
changing society. Miami allows for nurses to continue exposing
themselves to this type of practice and therefore becoming for
experienced.
Bottom of Form
Muller Sanon
Nursing Theory
There are many benefits and consequences of practicing as an
Advance Nurse in a culturally diverse city such as Miami, Fl.
For starters, one will be taking care of patients with different
beliefs and views of healthcare. This can be both a challenge
and a blessing to the nurse as he or she would have to be
culturally competent to be able to provide adequate care; a goal
that is not easily obtain by all health care providers.
Furthermore, working with a diverse community will also
require the nurse to be flexible since he or she would have to
tailor specific care depending on the culture and preferences of
the patient being assessed. However, in the long run this
benefits the healthcare provider as an expansion of knowledge
will be obtained.

9. This is the same concept brought forth by Leininger’s Theory of
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Smith & Parker,
2015). She believed that through the utilization of research and
evidence-based practice nurses may discover and implement
ways in which to therapeutically treat patients from different
cultures (Smith & Parker, 2015). One Scholarly Evidenced-
Based practice article that addresses the Theory of Culture Care
Diversity and Universality in advanced nursing is called
“Professional culture brokers: Nursing faculty perceptions of
nursing culture and their role in student formation” (Strouse &
Nickerson, 2016). In this article, a qualitative study was
conducted to discover the ways that Leininger’s Theory affects
students as well as faculty in the clinical setting (Strouse &
Nickerson, 2016). Below is a diagram with the ways in which
the article identifies the Theory as well as its app
References
Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories &
nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Strouse, S. M., & Nickerson, C. J. (2016). Professional culture
brokers: Nursing faculty perceptions of nursing culture and
their role in student formation. Nurse Education in Practice, 18,
10-15. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.02.008
Theory of culture care diversity and universality
Benefits of practicing in a multicultural city such as Miami, FL:
The benefit of working in a multicultural city such as Miami FL
is the privilege to carry the legacy of Leininger (1988) on
culture care theory (CCT). There is a chance to provide
culturally congruent nursing, based on culturally based care
acts, their understanding, and decision making, which is done in
a sensitive and skilled way. Their practice is not against the
cultural values, beliefs, and way of life of the clients. It is also
important for their well-being or to deter the cause of sickness,

10. disability, or death of diverse cultures.
Diagram documenting ways in which CCT and its application to
clinical and/or advanced nursing practice:
Ethiopian culture as the overriding factor for Ethiopians living
in mid-Atlantic U.S.A
Kinship and social factors: consideration of family as important
care factor and value of freedom (culture maintained)
Religious factors: importance of prayer and religion recognized
(culture maintained)
Cultural values and life ways: such as dietary practices and
preferred language of communication asked (culture negotiated)
Technology factors: In exchange participants valued technology
and healthcare (culture repatterned)
Overall wellbeing of the patient and care givers
-Unavailability of interpreters, lack of care by nurses
CULTURE CARE APPLIED
NO CULTURE CARE APPLIED

11. According to Chiatti (2018) scholarly article in a study to
identify and describe Ethiopian immigrants culture care and
beliefs in mid-Atlantic U.S.A which is primarily based on the
advancing trans-cultural nursing. The study incorporated the
Leiningers enabler model by including the culture preservation
of heritage since culture is the overriding factor in the model. It
also considers supporting friends and family as an important
factor in the care and value of freedom. Cultural caring
importance of prayer and religion and communication that is
therapeutic was also factored in as a cultural and social
dimension. The study participants valued technology and
healthcare. They appreciated the efforts for being asked about
their cultural food and dietary practices, the language of
communication preference, and family dynamics. Access to care
was however affected by perceived unavailability of interpreters
in health facilities and lack of care by nurses showing the
importance of synergy in generic and folk care, nursing care,
and professional care cure practices.
References
Chiatti, B. D. (2018). Culture Care Beliefs and Practices of
Ethiopian Immigrants. Journal of Transcultural Nursing,
1043659618817589.
Leininger, M. M. (1988). Leininger's theory of nursing: Cultural
care diversity and universality. Nursing science quarterly, 1(4),
152-160.