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Newcastle Business SchoolMNGT2001Assessment Title Preliminar.docx
- 1. Newcastle Business SchoolMNGT2001 Assessment Title: Preliminary publicly listed company environmental and key issues analysis Company selected: Old Chang Kee Ltd. Executive Summary: In this report, we will be conducting an environmental and key issues analysis on a publicly listed company, Old Chang Kee Ltd. In our external analysis, we will be using the PESTEL framework and Michael Porter’s 5 Forces model to examine current megatrends and megaforces respectively, that impact Old Chang Kee Ltd. In our internal analysis, we will be determining its core competencies that produce a sustainable competitive advantage. Finally, we will employ the SWOT analysis to conclude on external opportunities and threats as well as internal strengths and weaknesses of the company. 1.0 Introduction Old Chang Kee Ltd. is a Singapore-based investment holding company. It’s main activities are the manufacture and sale of over 30 food products including its signature curry puffs, in 80 outlets nationwide (Singapore Exchange Ltd, 2014). It also markets franchise rights, and manages subsidiaries such as Ten & Han Trading Pte Ltd., Old Chang Kee Manufacturing Sdn. Bhd. and sub-brands such as Mushroom, Take 5, Pie Kia and Curry Times (Old Chang Kee, 2014). This Financial Year, its gross profits increased by S$2.5 million (Old Chang Kee, 2014). 2.0 Strategic Analysis Analysis of external and internal environments of the firm. 2.1 External environment analysis Consists of general and specific environments. 2.1.1 General environment Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological,
- 2. Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) megatrends affect existing and future operations of companies (Oxlearn, 2009). Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological are most relevant to Old Chang Kee Ltd. because Political, Legal and Environmental are relatively stable in Singapore where it is based. · Economic Asia is increasingly important, where economic integration is blossoming. The Asian Development Bank predicts that Asia will constitute half the global economic output and financial assets and institutions by 2050, hence more trade can occur (Alvin Foo, 2013). This increases investor optimism and growth potential in Singapore, a hub for Asia's growth, creating greater opportunities for sales and profits for Old Chang Kee Ltd. It addressed this by granting franchise rights to more investors locally and from Asia, and by releasing an Initial Public Offering on the Singapore Exchange. · Socio-Cultural Ageing population is a megatrend in Singapore (Alvin Foo, 2013). The elderly typically require low salt, sugar, fat and cholesterol. This threatens Old Chang Kee Ltd. because it mainly sells deep-fried products that are unsuitable for the elderly. Then, there is a current social-media trend, “#fitspo” , with 10 million tags on Instagram alone (Jessica Murray, 2014). It advocates healthy-eating which greatly threaten Old Chang Kee’s popularity in the young and trendy demographic. It addressed this by expanding overseas and re-formulating its recipe, reducing saturated fats as recommended by the Health Promotion Board (City Square Mall, 2014). · Technological Agricultural mechanisation and technological advancements in logistics and manufacturing sectors (Automation World, 2014) provide great opportunity for lower production costs and higher productivity. Old Chang Kee Ltd. introduced a central kitchen and implemented a Enterprise Resource Planning system that automatically replenishes stocks and reduces wastage (Way To
- 3. Go Singapore, 2014). 2.1.2 Specific environment Consists of megaforces: buyers, competitors, potential entrants, substitutes, suppliers and Government. Old Chang Kee Ltd. is more susceptible to Substitutes and Government hence these are most relevant. · Substitutes Old Chang Kee’s prices have been increasing to combat inflation. Today, 6 pieces of sotong balls from Old Chang Kee can buy a filling meal at a hawker centre. Fear of obesity- related diseases pose another threat as customers seek healthier products. The threat of substitutes is high. Old Chang Kee has yet to reduce prices. If prices continue increasing, this threat will increase. · Government Singapore has low tax rates, and a Group Relief System that lessens the tax burden for the Old Chang Kee group. Additionally, the Government issued Old Chang Kee Ltd. $161,000 (Old Chang Kee, 2014) under the Wage Credit Scheme to help it cope with rising labour costs, or improve employee- productivity (Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, 2014). These provide an opportunity to improve productivity and profitability. However, during the Avian Influenza of 2004, imports of chickens and eggs from Malaysia, China, Thailand and even America, were suspended (AVA Singapore, 2014). Old Chang Kee Inc. relies heavily on fresh raw materials which are unavailable locally. Hence, it is unable to address the threats of Government import-policies and food-related diseases. Opportunities and threats are high. 2.1.3 Conclusions on external environment threats and opportunities We conclude that external environment threats and opportunities are relatively high for Old Chang Kee Inc. To
- 4. combat threats, it should increase product diversification with healthier grilled or steamed varieties, and reduce the price of its products through set-meal promotions or loyalty program discounts. To take advantage of opportunities, it should utilise available technological advancements and conduct research into new innovative practices, using government grants whenever possible. Overall, Old Chang Kee Inc. has good external management, with constant expansion in local and international markets. 2.2 Internal or competitive analysis Consists of competitive strengths that satisfy the four criteria of a core competence environment. We will discuss Old Chang Kee’s sustainable competitive advantage and possible weaknesses. 2.2.1 Core competencies (strengths) · Valuable Old Chang Kee products fulfil the wants and needs of consumers, namely convenience and a distinctively nostalgic taste. · Rare Old Chang Kee has numerous outlets, all at strategic locations: near bus interchanges, MRT stations and high-traffic shopping malls. Competitors do not have the financial means of renting or owning such high-value assets, in equal volume. · Non-substitutable Old Chang Kee was established in 1956 (Old Chang Kee, 2014). It’s long history and rooted position in the hearts of local consumers cannot be easily replaced. · Inimitable Old Chang Kee has won numerous awards and accolades over the years. It’s best practices are difficult to mimic. 2.2.2 Sustainable Competitive Advantage (strength) It’s key advantage is its brand name and monopoly of the market in Singapore where it is currently the leader.
- 5. 2.2.3 Internal weaknesses Possible weaknesses include product quality, where an unidentified insect found in it’s popular sardine puff caused a huge uproar and reduced Old Chang Kee’s sales for a period of time (Jeanette Tan, 2012). Poor Public Relations management worsened its reputation. 2.2.4 Conclusions internal strengths and weaknesses We conclude that internal environment strengths are relatively higher than weaknesses for Old Chang Kee Inc. To overcome weaknesses, it should increase staff training in preventing future oversights and in mitigating situations should it occur again. It should maintain its strengths by buying strategically- located spaces, to prevent being subject to constant rental hikes that may eventually erode their competitive advantage. Overall, Old Chang Kee Inc. has good internal management, winning multiple awards and securing its place as an F&B Leader and best-practice firm in Singapore. 2.3 Conclusions about organisation’s competitive position in its market. In all, Old Chang Kee Inc. has superior internal and external management, that effectively manage its strengths, weakneses, opportunities and threats. In the next 3-5 years, we foresee Old Chang Kee Inc. expanding further and retaining it’s competitive position.3.Strategic Directions and Strategic Objectives Vision A vision is the image that the company wants to achieve in the future as well as its long-term goals (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2009). The first vision of Old Chang Kee is to provide a variety of high quality finger food and ready to eat meals through standardized food preparation processes. Their second vision is to modernize their traditional recipes to appeal to multi-cultural customers. The last vision is to deliver convenient fast food for people on the go (Old Chang Kee, 2014). In order to achieve their vision, Old Chang Kee has been
- 6. developing their product to suit the needs of a multi-cultural customers. For example, their famous curry puff are Malaysian, Singaporean and Thai snack. Moreover, their yam cake and fish ball onstik is a chinese dish and their gyoza onstik simillar as japanese gyoza. Mission A mission is the specific method that businesses choose compete and satisfy their customers (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2009). In addition, the company’s mission must be more specific than their vision. Old Chang Kee mission is to deliver high quality finger food and convenient meals at affordable prices in a clean and customer friendly retail environment (Old Chang Kee, 2014). Based on their internal environment, Old Chang Kee targeted to achieve their goal by ensuring innovation of their product, price and retail store. Strategic Objectives Stakeholder Analysis Table Stakeholders Salience Stakeholders demands/needs that must be satisfied Strategic Objectives to address stakeholder demands/needs Shareholders Definitive · Profits · Dividends · Share value · Ensure growth in sales and profits · Ensure interests of shareholders are protected · Ensure strong credit rating
- 7. · Ensure healthy financial ratios Customers Dominant · Fast · Convenient · Efficient · Good quality · Affordably prices · Variety of products · Ensure products are produced and sold at affordable prices · Ensure products are produced with high quality and efficiency · Ensure continuous improvement in productivity · Ensure product differentiation and diversification Suppliers Dominant · Respect of suppliers · Timely payment · Recurring orders · Ensure products are produced efficiently · Ensure growth of sales Employees Dominant · Workplace safety
- 8. · Fair wages and salary · Job security · Good working conditions · Ensure efficient human resource management · Ensure the creation of a friendly and positive atmosphere · Ensure constant feedback by employees Community Dominant · Minimize pollution · Reduce waste of raw materials, water and electricity · Ensure production process is efficient · Ensure wrappers and boxes are environmentally friendly · Ensure staff reduce, reuse and recycle Old Chang Kee aims to meet the needs and demands of their stakeholders by ensuring that their strategic objectives meet these needs. By ensuring their strategic objectives are relevant and effective, they would have to constantly review and obtain feedback from their stakeholders so that the company can modify them so meet the changing needs of their customers. Conclusion on Organisation’s Strategic Directions and Strategic Objectives In summary, we can see that Old Chang Kee has spelt out their vision, mission and strategic objectives very clearly. By doing so, the company’s employees and respective stakeholders are able to work towards ensuring that the company’s long term, medium term and immediate goals and aims are met. Without these three factors, the company would have no direction and would be wasting time and resources trying to do too many
- 9. things at once. At the end of the day, the company would have to satisfy the needs and demands of their stakeholders otherwise conflict would result and disrupt the operations and survival of the company. References: Old Chang Kee, 2014, http://www.oldchangkee.com/our- heritage.htm retrieved 18 September 2014 EMIS, 2014, http://www.securities.com/Public/company- profile/SG/Old_Chang_Kee_Ltd_en_2384632.html retrieved 18 September 2014 Old Chang Kee, 2014, http://oldchangkee.listedcompany.com/chairman_message.html retrieved 18 September 2014 PESTLE - Macro Environmental Analysis. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.oxlearn.com/arg_Marketing-Resources- PESTLE---Macro-Environmental-Analysis_11_31 Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, 2014, http://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/WCS.aspx How Technology and People Are Steering Manufacturing's Future | Automation World. (2014, September 16). Retrieved from http://www.automationworld.com/how-technology-and- people-are-steering-manufacturings-future Old Chang Kee - Quality Food in Singapore. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.oldchangkee.com/our-heritage.htm PESTLE - Macro Environmental Analysis. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.oxlearn.com/arg_Marketing-Resources- PESTLE---Macro-Environmental-Analysis_11_31 Population hits 5.47m but growth slowest in a decade | TODAYonline. (2014, September 26). Retrieved from http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/population-hits-547m- growth-slowest-decade
- 10. Singapore economy to expand 3.3% in 2014: MAS survey - Channel NewsAsia. (2014, September 11). Retrieved from http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore/singa pore-economy-to/1354826.html Alvin Foo, 2013, The Straits Times, http://www.timesbusinessdirectory.com/Singlenews.aspx?DirID =86&rec_code=857991&title=S'pore%20'set%20to%20benefit% 20from%20megatrends' Jessica Murray, 2014, Elle Canada, http://www.ellecanada.com/blog/2014/08/22/fitspo-is-the-latest- fitness-craze-helpful-or-harmful/ Systematics International Limited, 2013, http://www.systematics-int.co.uk/agricultural-development-and- mechanisation-in-2013/ Singapore Exchange Ltd, 2014 https://www.google.com/finance?cid=763002075636753 Alvin Chua, 2010, http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1671_2010- 06-16.html City Square Mall, 2014, http://www.citysquaremall.com.sg/shops- foodgalore.php?page=1&shop=19 https://www.facebook.com/oldchangkee1956 Facebook, 2014, http://www.waytogo.sg/news-case- studies/casestudy/Id=NDUxZmI0MzYtNzg2Yi00NzQyLTlhYTIt NzJiMGVmNDhhMjVl Way to go Singapore, 2014, http://www.ava.gov.sg/NewsEvents/HotTopics/BirdFlu/ AVA Singapore, 2014 http://thefinance.sg/2008/01/07/old-chang-kee- ipo/#sthash.Fc778bxq.dpuf The Finance, 2008 http://smartkpis.com/blog/tag/five-forces-model/ http://www.smartkpis.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/5-Forces- Model1.png (Karagiannopoulos, Georgopoulos, & Nikolopoulos, 2005)Bibliography Karagiannopoulos, Georgopoulos, & Nikolopoulos. (2005).
- 11. Fathoming Porter's five forces model in the internet era. The journal of policy, regulationand strategyfor telecommunications, information and media , 7 (6) , 66-76. library.curtin.edu.au Put in Your Heading Curtin University Library APA Referencing Last updated August 2009 Note: this page is only an introduction to the APA (American Psychological Association) referencing system. For a comprehensive guide please refer to: American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington DC: APA. It is very important that you check the assignment guide for your Department or School as some details, e.g. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for not conforming to your school's requirements.
- 12. What is Referencing? Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works, must be referenced. There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This information sheet provides a brief guide to the APA referencing style for in-text citations and for creating the Reference List (examples are below). Within the text of the assignment the author’s name is given first, followed by the publication date. Include page numbers for direct quotations and also where it is useful to provide a page number. A reference list at the end of the assignment contains the full details of all the in-text citations. Why Reference? Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments. Steps Involved in Referencing 1. Note down the full bibliographic details of the source from which the information is taken. Include the
- 13. relevant page number(s). In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of these details will necessarily be applicable). In the case of a journal article the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers. For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed the information, and the database name or web address (URL). 2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below). 3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below). In-Text Citations Use the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of an assignment. Where authors of different references have the
- 14. same family name, include the author’s 2 initials in the in-text citation i.e. (Hamilton, C. L., 1994) or C. L. Hamilton (1994). If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon, e.g. (Brown, 1991; Smith, 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author. When directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and double quotation marks placed around the quote. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text, include the relevant page number, as it is useful to provide a page number for the reader. How to Create a Reference List A reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text. In contrast, a bibliography is a list of relevant sources for background or for further reading. The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. Where an item has no author it is cited by its title, and ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title. The APA style requires the second and subsequent lines of the
- 15. reference to be indented, as shown in the examples below, to highlight the alphabetical order. Page numbers should only be included in in-text citations when directly quoting from another source. What is a Reference/Citation? A reference or citation consists of the elements that allow the reader to trace the original book or article you have read or cited from. When citing a book you need the following elements, in this order: Author (year of publication): Book title. City of publication: Name of the publisher. For example, if you looked at a book with these elements: Author: Mack, Charles Year of publication: 2005 Title: Looking at the Renaissance: essays toward a conceptual appreciation Publisher: Taylor & Francis Place of Publication: London Your citation would look like this: Mack, C. (2005). Looking at the Renaissance: Essays toward a
- 16. conceptual appreciation. London: Taylor & Francis. For a journal article, you need the following elements: Author(s) (year of publication): Title of article. Title of journal volume number (issue number): Page numbers. Authors of article: Labonte, R. Schrecker, T. Year of publication: 2007 Tile of article: Globalisation and social determinants of health Title of Journal: Globalisation and Health Volume: 3 Issue: 7 Pages: 190-200 Your citation would look like this: Labonte, R., & Schrecker, T. (2007). Globalisation and social determinants of health. Globalisation and Health 3(7), 190-220. For information on citing electronic journals, see the examples in the list below. Books
- 17. In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Single author The theory was first propounded in 1993 (Comfort, 1997, p. 58) OR Comfort (1997, p. 58) claimed that… Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell Beazley. Book 2 authors Madden and Hogan (1997, p.17)…. OR “… to achieve consistency” (Madden & Hogan, 1997, p. 45). Madden, R., & Hogan, T. (1997). The definition of disability in Australia: Moving towards national consistency. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Book 3, 4 or 5 authors Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (2005, p. 6) found … Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. Guerin et al. (2005, p. 6) found … In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and
- 18. with a fullstop after “al”) and the year. Guerin, W. L., Labor, E., Morgan, L., Reesman, J. C., & Willingham, J. R. (2005). A handbook of critical approaches to literature. New York: Oxford University Press. Book 6 or more authors (Rodgers et al., 1996, p. 35) Rodgers, P., Smith, K., Williams, D., Conway, L., Robinson, W., Franks, F., et al. (2002). The way forward for Australian libraries. Perth: Wombat Press. Book No author (Employment the Professional Way, 2000) OR the book Employment the Professional Way (2000) Employment the professional way: A guide to understanding the Australian job search process for professionally qualified migrants. (2000). Carlton, Victoria: Australian Multicultural Foundation. Book 3 of 11
- 19. Examples of Referencing: Multiple works by same author University research (Brown, 1982, 1988) has indicated that… Brown, P. (1982). Corals in the Capricorn group. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University. Brown, P. (1988). The effects of anchor on corals. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University. Order chronologically in the reference list. Book Multiple works published in the same year by the same author In recent reports (Napier, 1993a, 1993b) … Use a/b etc. to differentiate between works in same year. Napier, A. (1993a). Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
- 20. Napier, A. (1993b). Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Order alphabetically by title in the reference list. Book Editor (Kastenbaum, 1993, p. 51) Kastenbaum, R. (Ed.). (1993). Encyclopedia of adult development. Phoenix: Oryx Press. Edited Book Different Editions (Renton, 2004, p. 51) Renton, N. (2004). Compendium of good writing (3rd ed.). Milton: John Wiley & Sons. An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not necessary for a first edition. Book Encyclopedia or Dictionary The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (1980, p.85) defined it as… Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 1-20). London: Macmillan. Edited Book
- 21. Article or chapter in a book As discussed by Blaxter (1976)… Blaxter, M. (1976). Social class and health inequalities. In C. Carter & J. Peel (Eds.), Equalities and inequalities in health (pp. 120-135). London: Academic Press. Book Section Article or chapter in a book – no author (“Solving the Y2K Problem,” 1997) Solving the Y2K problem. (1997). In D. Bowd (Ed.), Technology today and tomorrow (p. 27). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Book Section Brochure (Research and Training Centre, 1993, p. 2) Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Melbourne: Author. The word ‘Author’ is used as the publisher when the
- 22. author and publisher are the same. Book (put Author in Publisher) You will need to manually type [Brochure] after the title. 4 of 11 E-book (Pettinger, 2002, p. 45) Pettinger, R. (2002). Global organizations. Oxford: Capstone Publishing. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from NetLibrary database. Electronic Book (put September 28, 2004 in the Date Accessed field, NetLibrary in Name of Database.) Thesis (Jones, 1998, p. 89)
- 23. Jones, F. (1998). The mechanism of Bayer residue flocculation. PhD Thesis. Curtin University of Technology. Retrieved December 21, 2005, from Curtin University of Technology Digital Theses. Thesis (put PhD Thesis in Thesis Type, December 21, 2005 in Access Date, Curtin University of Technology Digital Theses in URL.) Conference Proceeding (Cutler, Frolich, & Hanrahan, 1997) OR As discussed by Cutler, Frolich and Hanrahan (1997) Cutler, L. D., Frolich, B., & Hanrahan, P. (1997, January 16). Two-handed direct manipulation on the responsive workbench. Paper presented at the 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Stanford, CA. Retrieved June 12, 2000, from ProQuest 5000 database. Conference Proceeding
- 24. (put 1997, January 16 in Year of Conference, Two-handed direct manipulation on the responsive workbench in Title, 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics in Conference Name, Stanford, CA in Conference Location, June 12, 2000 in Access Date, ProQuest 5000 in Name of Database.) Image in a book The poster “The 3 dark years” (Sexton, 2005, p. 184) Sexton, M. (2005). The great crash: The short life and sudden death of the Whitlam government. Melbourne: Scribe Publications. Book Print Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Article As mentioned by Wharton (1996)… OR “… when abseiling” (Wharton, 1996, p. 8).
- 25. Wharton, N. (1996). Health and safety in outdoor activity centres. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 12(4), 8-9. Journal Article Article – no author It’s a growing problem in the U.K. (“Anorexia Nervosa,” 1969)… Anorexia nervosa. (1969). British Medical Journal, 1, 529-530. Journal Article 5 of 11 Newspaper article (Towers, 2000) Towers, K. (2000, January 18). Doctor not at fault: Coroner. The Australian, p. 3. Newspaper Article Newspaper article – no author (“Rate Rise,” 2005) Rate rise scares new home buyers away. (2005, April 29). Sydney Morning Herald, p. 35. Newspaper Article Press release (Watersmith, 2000) Watersmith, C. (2000, March
- 26. 1). BHP enters new era, [Press release]. Melbourne: BHP Limited. Report (put 2000, March 1 in the Year field, Press release in Report Number, BHP Limited in Institution.) Electronic Journals In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Full text from an electronic database (Madden, 2002) OR As Madden (2002) states… Madden, G. (2002). Internet economics and policy: an Australian perspective. Economic Record, 78, 343-58. Retrieved October 16, 2002, from ABI/INFORM Global database. Journal Article Full text from an electronic database
- 27. – no author The Internet has had a huge impact on the Australian economy (“Internet Economics”, 2002)… Internet economics and policy: an Australian perspective. (2002). Economic Record, 78, 343-58. Retrieved October 16, 2002, from ABI/INFORM Global database. Journal Article Full text newspaper, newswire or magazine from an electronic database – no author (“WA Packed,” 2004) WA packed with overseas appeal. (2004, November 12). The West Australian, p. 47. Retrieved November 13, 2004, from Factiva database. Newspaper Article (put November 13, 2004 in the Access Date field, Factiva in Name of Database.) Full text from Internet
- 28. (Sopensky, 2002) Sopensky, E. (2002). Ice rink becomes hot business. Austin Business Journal. Retrieved October 16, 2002, from http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2002/10/14/ smallb1.html Electronic Article (put October 16, 2002 in the Date Accessed field, http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/ stories/2002/10/14/smallb1.html in Database.) 6 of 11 Article from Curtin E-Reserve (Davidhizar & Dowd, 1997) Davidhizar, R., & Dowd, S. B. (1997). The art of giving an effective presentation. Health Care Supervisor, 15(3), 25- 31. Retrieved October 16, 2002, from Curtin University of Technology Library E-Reserve. Journal Article (put October 16, 2002 in the Access Date field, Curtin University of
- 29. Technology Library E-Reserve in Type of Article.) Cochrane Review (Bunn, Byrne & Kendall, 2004) Bunn, F., Byrne, G., & Kendall, S. (2004, July 19). Telephone consultation and triage: Effects on health care use and patient satisfaction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004(3), Article CD004180. Retrieved February 11, 2005, from The Cochrane Library Database. * This example was provided by APA Journals in September 2006. Journal Article (put 2004, July 19 in the Year field, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in Journal, Article CD004180 in Pages.) World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Document on WWW “It’s essential you learn how to reference” (Dawson, Smith, Deubert & Grey-Smith, 2002). Dawson, J., Smith, L., Deubert, K., & Grey-Smith, S. (2002).
- 30. ‘S’ Trek 6: Referencing, not plagiarism. Retrieved October 31, 2002, from http://studytrekk.lis.curtin.edu.au/ Web Page (use Access Date & URL fields for retrieved statement) Document on WWW – No author (Leafy Seadragons, 2001) Leafy seadragons and weedy seadragons. (2001). Retrieved November 13, 2002, from http://www.windspeed.net.au/~jenny/seadragons/ Web Page (use Access Date & URL fields for retrieved statement) Document on WWW – No date (Royal Institute of British Architects, n.d.)
- 31. Royal Institute of British Architects (n.d.). Shaping the future: Careers in architecture. Retrieved May 31, 2005, from http://www.careersinarchitecture.net/ Web Page (put Royal Institute of British Architects in the Author field, n.d. inYear, use Access Date & URL fields for retrieved statement Image on the web The image of the wasp (Wasps, hornets and yellowjackets, n.d.) Wasps, hornets and yellowjackets [Image] (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2005, from http://www.laters.com/ insects/hornets.htm Web Page Type [Image] manually after the title. 7 of 11 Government Publications In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which
- 32. reference type?) Acts of Parlia- ment (including bills) The Commonwealth’s Copyright Act 1974….. (In future references, omit date) Legislation is included in a list of references only if it is important to an understanding of the work. Set the list apart from the main body of the reference under the sub- heading 'Legislation'. Essential elements: Short Title of Act Year (Jurisdiction) eg: Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth). If have used a section can do a pinpoint reference eg: Criminal Code (WA), s. 348 If legislation is obtained from an electronic database, add a retrieved statement as for electronic journal articles. Enter in-text citation manually Case (The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth, 1915) The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 5. If case is obtained from an electronic database, add a re- trieved statement as for electronic journal articles.
- 33. Case (put 20 CLR 5 in the Abbreviated Case Name field) You will need to edit the in-text citation for it to appear correctly Australian Bureau of Statistics Bulle- tin (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1999). Disability, ageing and carers: Summary of findings (No. 4430.0). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author. The word ‘Author’ is used as the publisher when the author and publisher are the same. Report (put No. 4430.0 in the Accession Number field, Author in Institution.) Australian Bureau of Statistics from AusStats (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1999). Disability, ageing and
- 34. carers: Summary of findings (No.4430.0). Canberra, Aus- tralian Capital Territory: Author. Retrieved October 14, 2002, from AusStats database. Report (put No. 4430.0 in the Accession Number field, October 14, 2002 in Access Date, AusStats in Name of Database) Census Informa- tion (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2001). Census of population and housing: B01 selected characteristics (First release processing) postal area 6050. Retrieved November 20, 2002, from AusStats database. Report (use Access Date & Name of Database fields for retrieved statement) 8 of 11 9 of 11 Government Re- port
- 35. (Resource Assessment Commission, 1991) Resource Assessment Commission. (1991). Forest and timber enquiry: Draft report (No. 1). Canberra: Australian Gov- ernment Publishing Service. Report (put No. 1 in the Accession Number field, Australian Government Publishing Service in Institution) Patent U.S. Patent No. 4554399 (1985) Cookson, A. H. (1985). Particle trap for compressed gas insu- lated transmission system. U.S. Patent 4554399. Patent (put Cookson, A. H. in Inventor, U.S. Patent 4554399 in Patent Number) Standard (Standards Australia, 1997) Standards Australia. (1997). Size coding scheme for infants' and children's clothing - Underwear and outerwear (AS 1182-1997). Retrieved January 10, 2006, from Standards Australia Online database. Report (put AS 1182-1997 in the Accession
- 36. Number field, January 10, 2006 in Access Date, Standards Australia Online in Name of Database. Secondary Sources In-Text Examples Reference List Examples EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Book … including neuralgia (Carini and Hogan, as cited in Thibodeau & Patton, 2002, p. 45) OR Carini and Hogan’s study (as cited in Thibodeau & Patton, 2002, p. 45) Thibodeau, G. A. & Patton, K. T. (Eds.). (2002).The human body in health and disease. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby. Record the book that you actually used. Book (Carini and Hogan as cited in…) will need to be added manually in the in- text citation. Journal article Carini and Hogan’s study (as cited in Patton, 2002) OR “… origins of neuralgia” (Carini and Ho-
- 37. gan, as cited in Patton, 2002, p. 2154) Patton, K. T. (2002). Neuralgia and headaches. Science, 400, 2153-55. Record the journal that you actually used. Journal Article (Carini and Hogan as cited in…) will need to be added manually in the in- text citation. Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example EndNote X1 (which reference type?) Personal communication, e -mail and discus- sion lists with no web archive It was confirmed that an outbreak occurred in London (S. Savieri, personal communication, April 24, 1999). Not included in reference list as they cannot be traced by the reader. Enter in-text citation manually.
- 38. Films and videorecordings (Scorsese & Lonergan, 2000) Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. Film or Broadcast (put Scorsese, M and Lonergan, K in the Director field, Writer/Director in Alternate Title, Motion picture in Medium, United States in Country, Paramount Pictures in Distributor) You will need to edit the citation in your Word document to add (Producer) Television and radio programmes (Crystal, 1993) Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. Film or Broadcast (put Crystal, L. in the Director field, Executive Producer in Alternate Title, October 11 in Date Released, Television
- 39. broadcast in Medium, New York and Washington DC in Country, Public Broadcasting Service in Distributor) Podcast (Seega & Swan, 2005) Seega, B. (Producer) & Swan, N. (Presenter). (2005, November 28). Adult ADHD [Podcast radio programme]. Sydney: ABC Radio National. Retrieved November 29, 2005, from http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/ Film or Broadcast (put the producer and presenters’ names in Director, 2005, November 28 in Year, Sydney in Country, ABC Radio National in Distributor, Podcast radio programme in Medium, Presenter in Alternative Title, November 29, 2005 in Access Date, http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/ helthrpt/ in URL. You will need to edit the citation in your Word document to add (Producer) 10 of 11 It is very important that you check the assignment guide for your Department or School as some details, e.g. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for
- 40. not conforming to your school's requirements Computer Software (Miller, 1993) Miller, M. E. (1993). The interactive tester (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Westminster, CA: Psytek Services. Computer Program (put Miller, M. E. in Programmer, 4.0 in Version, Computer software in Type) ERIC document (microfiche) Davis and Lombardi (1996) put forward the proposal that… Davis, R. K., & Lombardi, T. P. (1996). The quality of life of rural high school special education graduates. In Rural goals 2000: Building programs that work [Microfiche]. (ERIC Document No. ED394765). Generic (put Rural goals 2000: Building programs that work in Secondary Title, Microfiche in the Type of Work field, ERIC Document No. ED394765 in Publisher) E-mail discussion
- 41. list – web archive (Little, 2002) Little, L. (2002, April 16). Two new policy briefs. Message posted to ECPOLICY electronic mailing list, archived at http://www.askeric.org/ Virtual Listserv_Archives/ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/ Msg00003.html Web Page (put 2002, April 16 in the Year field, Message posted to ECPOLICY electronic mailing list, archived at http://www.askeric.org/VirtualListserv_Ar chives/ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/Msg0 0003.html in Access Year.) 11 of 11 << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left
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- 65. e0433043e0020043404400443043a0443002e0020002004210442 0432043e04400435043d045600200434043e043a0443043c04350 43d0442043800200050004400460020043c043e0436043d043000 20043204560434043a04400438044204380020044300200041006 30072006f006200610074002004420430002000410064006f0062 0065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200 4300431043e0020043f04560437043d04560448043e0457002004 3204350440044104560457002e> /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.) >> /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ << /AsReaderSpreads false /CropImagesToFrames true /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
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- 67. /AddPageInfo false /AddRegMarks false /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK /DestinationProfileName () /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /Downsample16BitImages true /FlattenerPreset << /PresetSelector /MediumResolution >> /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [
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- 69. Word Count: 1100 (Introduction + Strategic analysis + Strategic direction and strategic objective) This report only need to include: 1. Introduction ~ 100 words 2. Strategic Analysis ~ 500 words a. External analysis i. (General Environment) PESTEL Model – what are the megatrends most relevant to your organisation over the next 3-5 years, and why? What opportunities/threats do they pose and why? Is your organization addressing them? How? ii. Overall conclusion for external analysis: What are the opportunities/threats for your organization over the next 3-5 years? How well is your organization addressing them or not addressing them? b. Internal Analysis i. What are the competitive strength? In particular, how do they satisfy the four criteria for identification of a core competence? ii. What is the competitive position in the market? iii. Are they any weaknesses evident? If so, what are they? iv. Overall conclusion on competitive strength/weaknesses of the organization? c. Conclusion on strategic analysis i. How strategically well-positioned is your organization in its industry? How well has it handles opportunities/threats? How does it compare with rivals? Are there strategic weaknesses evident? If so, what are the implications? 3. Strategic Direction-setting ~ 500 words a. Vision: i. What is it? ii. Is it clearly articulated? iii. Does your organization live the vision? b. Mission i. What is it? ii. Is it clearly articulated? iii. Does your organization live up to the mission?
- 70. 4. Strategic objectives a. To address the question of your organization’s strategic objectives, use stakeholder theory to identify the definitive, dominant and other stakeholders, and their demands. In particular, you MUST present and discuss a stakeholder analysis table (see the example below). This stakeholder analysis MUST appear in the BODY of the report and NOT in the appendices. b. Once the stakeholder analysis table have been presented, this section of the report should then briefly discuss the following questions: What are the strategic objectives of your organization? Which stakeholder demands are these strategic objectives intended to address and satisfy? Do the strategic objectives of your organization align with, and address, the demands of these stakeholders? What do you conclude if stakeholder demands and strategic objectives align? If they do not align, is there any significance issue emerging for your organization? c. Conclusion on strategic direction: what do you conclude if your organization spells out and pursues vision, mission and strategic objectives that are clearly directed at meeting the needs of legitimate stakeholders? What do you conclude if there is evidence of misalignment? Cite the references and use APA Referencing Guide PS: I will be uploading the sample assignment for reference purpose (please don't copy as the topic is different)