Psychology Essays

Essay on Psychology: Personality Theories
Introduction: What is Personality? Allport defines personality as 'the dynamic organisation within
the individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his
environment' (Allport, 1937). An individual's unique personality traits and attributes are a powerful
indicator of how he/she will interact with the work environment. The difference between average
and outstanding employees can often be solely personality related. As the employee is the most
valuable asset to the company, 'selecting the right employee during the process is critical' (Carbery
and Cross, 2013, pp. 41–53) Traditional Theory Vs Cognitive Theory When we speak about
personality, we must consider the two prominent schools of thought:...show more content...
Differences in Personality Both nature and nurture interplay to determine personality
characteristics. Nature is heredity and passed on at conception. Nurture is that which is
environmentally developed. It is innate that a baby will crawl, but he needs the support of his
environment (diet, etc.) if he is to ultimately survive. Our behaviour is the result of a combination
of inborn traits and the situations in which we find ourselves. There are five categorise which
help influence personality differences. Genetically, offspring tend to take on some of the
characteristics of their parents. However, this could be due to long term exposure to the
personalities of their parents rather than their genetic coding. Whether a person is male or female
determines what gender role they take on. 'Women are expected to be nurturing, attractive,
emotional, weak, and subordinate to men; whereas, men are the strong, rational, objective, and
financial providers' (Loue and Sajatovic, 2007). Ones family experiences can also influence a
person's behaviour. Family experiences like: 'family size, birth order, differential parental
orientations towards children' etc. will impact on the emergence of personality as well as a person's
suitability to leadership roles (Morley and Moore et al., 2004, pp. 28–52). Culture plays a very
strong role in determining what is believed to be acceptable and unacceptable
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Essay on Educational Psychology
One of the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology
can be explained several ways. The idea is to study theories and concepts from different parts of
psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different
school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive
student–teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses five different types of psychology,
behavioral, cognitive, developmental, and social cognitive, and constructivist in this research paper
I will be briefly discussing each type of psychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view
where learning and behavior are described and explained in terms...show more content...
Some examples are belief, desire, ideas and motivation. Next, cognitive psychologists think memory
structures determine how information is perceived, processed, stored, retrieved and forgotten.
Cognitive psychology include perception, categorization, memory, knowledge representation,
language and thinking processes. "The relationship of cognitive psychology to classroom is like the
relationship of physics to engineering. Knowledge of the mind gleaned from cognitive psychology
experiments will not tell teachers how to teach children, any more than knowledge of physics can
prescribe what a bridge should look like" (Willingham, 2009) Developmental psychology is the point
of view that occurs in learners over the course of a period of time. The developmental perspective
includes theories that are continuous and discontinuous. Discontinuous theories are stage–like. The
processes of learning and development involve distinct stages, which are characterized by qualitative
differences in behavior. Theorists who use discontinuous theories use a specific beginning and end
period for each stage. Continuous theories explain that learning and development generally happen
in incremental processes. Learning involves changes throughout the lifespan. "Contemporary views
on the nature of cognitive development have been vastly influenced by the work of one man. This
was Jean Piaget (1896–1980), once a biologist, who turned his

Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
Psychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but
discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its
functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions;
all these makes man a complex being.
Psychology isn't just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the
question "why", proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The research is geared
towards evidence–based strategies to solve problems and improve lives. As a science, it is
subdivided into various groups such as clinical psychology, counselling psychology, developmental
psychology, climate and environmental...show more content...
This has to do with Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to our DNA inheritance and how it contributes
to our existence while Nurture is the influence of the environment on human. We learn through
experience and exposure.
One of the prominent theorist of development psychology is Jean Piaget. His theory is called Piaget
theory of cognitive development. He proposed that children have cognitive ability which enables
them to learn from their environment. He believes that a child develops and acquire knowledge and
experience through different stages as he grows; which are sensorimotor, pre–operational, concrete
operational and formal operation.
Cognitive development is the study of the mind and brain functions, which makes up our ability to
think, perceive, and make decisions. It is also related to other fields like neuroscience, philosophy
and linguistic. There is a thin line between cognitive psychology and cognitive science. As earlier
defined, cognitive psychology is the study of the mind and its functions. Cognitive science is
gathering of information through research. It is the foundation on which all other works are built
on. Its involves a non–human experiment, unlike cognitive psychology which involves human
participants.
Behavioral psychology also known as Behaviorism, studies our outward behavior. It is based on the
fact that behaviors are taught, which can also be measured and changed. Behavioral psychologist
believe that behavior is acquired through

introduction to psychology Essay
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGY 1 Abstract: The following paper consists of an
explanation, of what the history of psychology taught us about the human behaviour. This
explanation consists of summarising the different perspectives in psychology. Each perspective is
trying to view the human mind and behaviour from a different angle, i.e. the biological perspective
tries to analyse the human behaviour by understanding the biological and physical structure of the
brain and the nervous system, whereas the psychodynamic perspective focuses on, how the
behaviour changes according to our infant and child experiences. The different perspectives are
shown below with the following order: a) Psychodynamic b) Humanistic c)...show more content...
He also believed that the unconscious consists of three main areas. 1. The Id 2. The Ego 3. The
Superego The Id area is divided into two main human instincts. One is the "EROS" which is the
instinct of life, which involves the self–preservation and sex instincts. The other one is "Thanatos"
which is the death instinct. It is far less powerful than Eros and therefore its energies and
thoughts are channeled away from ourselves or are expressed by aggression towards others.
Defence mechanisms are often used by people to reduce anxieties that are caused by the inner
conflict between the Id and Superego. Psychoanalysis is a therapy performed to patients in order
to help them resolve this inner conflict. DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGY 4
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE: The humanistic perspective of psychology is a field that studies
the human as a whole person to understand its behaviour. Humanistic psychology is a study that
looks the human behaviour through the eyes of the person behaving in a certain way, and not from
a third person aspect. In addition to the psychodynamic perspective, where Freud believes that the
behaviour of a human being is determined by its childhood, the humanistic perspective supports that
each and every person is unique and individual and has the free will to change his behaviour at any
time of its life. Humanistic psychologists believe that every person is responsible for his own
happiness and

Theories Of Contemporary Psychology
There are various different approaches in contemporary psychology. It is important to be informed
about the 3 contemporary approaches that will be investigated in this Essay. This essay will provide
basic assumptions, one major theory of each contemporary approach and Include strengths and
weaknesses of the three approaches; Psychodynamic, Behaviourism, and Humanistic. Each of these
approaches studies psychology from a different perspective. The psychodynamic approach studies
the personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and
beliefs. The behaviourist approach is concerned primarily with the observable and measurable
aspects of human behaviour. human behaviour is learned, thus all behaviour can be...show more
content...
Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist and a founder of humanistic psychology who
developed the Hierarchy of needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a description of the needs that
motivate human behaviour. In 1943, Abraham Maslow proposed five different kinds of human
needs, beginning with the most basic: survival. Physiological needs, such as food and shelter, are
followed by needs related to safety. Next, there are needs of love and belonging. Fourth, humans
have needs of esteem, such as the need for being respected. The final need in the hierarchy is the
need for self–actualization (fulfilling one's potential). The hierarchy suggests that basic needs must
be met prior to less basic needs; for example, a starving person will seek food before
self–actualization.
Assumptions: One of the main assumptions of the humanistic approach is that humans have free
will; not all behavior is determined, while the Behaviourism approach is concerned with observable
behaviour. Therefore, people have no free will.
Strengths: Behaviorism is based upon observable behaviors, so it is easier to quantify and collect
data and information when conducting research.
Weakness: a weakness of the Humanism approach is that it does not have a very scientific basis
compared to the behaviorism

Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
In the future, I ultimately intend to be a psychologist. With being a psychologist, I am taking on the
responsibility on how to lead people into having an overall better life and promote positive change
for them. Psychologists often specialize in studying and examining the brain and human behavior.
That being said, psychology is a very important branch of science that attempts to help us stay sane!
Already getting started next year, I enrolled into a psychology class to get a jumpstart for when I
go into college. I chose to enroll into the psychology class because the human mind is something
that is very complex and diverse. By me taking this class, I am partially more ahead and more
taught than that of a student who doesn't take the class. And that way, when I get into the
psychology major, I have a small intake of what it is all about.
Once I'm done with taking the high school courses of psychology, I plan on going to the University
of California, Los Angeles to further continue my soon–to–be career. Researching the top ranked
colleges of the psychology major, UCLA is ranked number 2! Me being in the psychology classes
might possibly give me a better look into wanting to study at the number 2 ranked college for
psychology, so it should be a win–win situation.
In order to become a psychologist, there are certain classes that you have to enroll in. The required
classes that you have to take into having the psychology major are statistics, experimental methods
/research

Child Psychology Career Essay
Child psychology is a specialized branch of psychology that develops and applies scientific
knowledge to the delivery of psychological services to infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents
within their social context. It is an understanding of the basic psychological needs of children and
adolescents, and how the family and other social contexts influence the socio–emotional adjustment,
cognitive development, and behavioral adaptation and health status of children and adolescents.
Research and Outcomes of Career Child Psychologists main focus is to help children and
adolescents cope with dilemmas and adapt to developmental changes. Psychologists can work with
children in two ways; one, psychologists are working closely with the child and their primary
caretaker....show more content...
Students must then attend a graduate school where they will receive advanced clinical training to
specialize in child psychology. While in graduate school students must complete a master's
program to obtain their master's degree. A master's degree is an academic degree awarded by
universities upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery overview of a specific
field of study or area of professional practice; a master's program can take between two to three
years to complete. To become a child psychologist, students are also required to complete a
doctoral program to earn their PhD. A PhD is the highest level of academic degree awarded by
universities and can take between four to six years to complete. A state license is also required to
practice as a child psychologist. In order to obtain licensure you are required to pass the National
Psychology Licensing Exam and perhaps two years of supervised counseling or 300 hours of clinical

Essay Main Theories of Each School of Psychology
The four major Schools in psychology are Behaviourism, cognitive, psychoanalytic and biological.
Many different psychologists have different assumptions and ideas about the way in which
psychology developed. And the main theories of each school of psychology, will be developed
further in this essay.
Behaviourism was firstly introduced by John B Watson and started around 1913. It is the idea that
all behaviours are learnt, and humans are subject to stimulus and response. It also suggests that
humans do not possess any freewill. Behaviourists believe that mental processes should not be
studied as they cannot be observed. The concept of operant conditioning was introduced by B.F
Skinner. This is the idea that humans learn through...show more content...
Pavlov demonstrated this by conducting an experiment on a dog where the dog eventually associates
the presentation of food, with the ringing of a bell. 1
Cognitive is another school of psychology introduced by a Swiss philosopher and psychologist
named Jean Piaget. He spent most of his time studying children, and came to the conclusion that
children do not think the same way as adult's do2. Cognitive psychology refers to a variety of
mental activities, and explains human behaviour as a result of how the mind works.
The psychoanalytic approach is a school of psychology which focuses on unconscious mental
processes, early childhood experiences and the Psychosexual and psychosocial stages of
development. According to Freud, we have 3 main parts that make up our personality and these
are the id, ego and superego. The id is otherwise known as the pleasure principle and responds to
demands such as warmth and sexual gratification. (Reference from text book) Freud believed that
this is the unconscious component of our personalities. The ego, is a part of the id which takes
reality into account from a young age. The ego is the conscious part of our personality and is
logical and understands the demands of reality. The superego develops through socialization and
morality and can sometimes be linked to the conscience as it helps us to make rational decisions
and strives for perfection. 3 Freud believed that there are five stages of psychosexual

Essay on my interest in psychology
my interest in psychology
I have always been intrigued by the mental processes of humans and animals. As a young child and
into adolescence, as a student and teacher and as a caregiver, I have always been interested in
psychology in one form or another. This essay will reflect not only the development of my interest
in psychology, but the development of myself as a person.
I was born into a family with Native American heritage that practiced a strict protestant religion. As
a child, I would often wonder why people's attitudes, behaviors and beliefs could be so different
from one another. I wondered why some people believed in things with great zeal, yet other people
believed the contrary just as vehemently....show more content...
I then went back to school with more determination and plunged myself into more psychology
classes.
In these classes, I found myself naturally drawn to the topics of research methods and statistics.
These two academic areas in particular provided an environment in which I was able to develop and
excercise my naturally analytical way of thinking. I then geared my undergraduate education towards
learning to perform research in psychology by taking more research and science based psychology
classes. Additionally, I sought out and obtained research assistantships with professors of cognition,
physiological and clinical psychology. Specifically, I have been a primary research assistant for an
investigation of the effect of irony on recall and recognition, an investigation of the performance of
children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on a computer
anticipation task, and an investigation of the effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on ADHD–like
behavior in laboratory rats. I have also assisted in literature reviews in the area of receptive
language and Autism, as well as a review on sleep and genetics. In addition, I have been a
participant recruiter for a research project on familial inheritance of depression and REM sleep
abnormalities. For complete information, please see my attached curriculum vitae.
While taking research–based courses, I found that I had another natural inclination:

Essay on Psychologists
Psychology is the study of human behavior, how we think, feel and act. Psychologists study both
normal and abnormal behavior to understand it. Psychologists also try to use what we learn from
that study to help people change aspects of their behavior that they want to change. Areas of
psychology are clinical, industrial, and developmental. Careers in Psychology offer varied
opportunities.
Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are expected to be slightly better than average
over the next several years. However, if you're interested in a career in Psychology, you should know
that the training program to become a psychologist is a long one. There is also stiff competition for
places in graduate training programs in Psychology....show more content...
A person with only a bachelor's degree cannot legally practice psychology in the states. They can
hold psychology related positions. With a bachelor's degree in Psychology, salary starts at about
$17,000 a year.
With a doctoral degree in Psychology and one year of a supervised internship, a student can
become a legal psychologist. In many states, it is required that one pass an exam before practicing
Psychology. One with a doctoral degree can have a salary of $45,000 per year, on the low end. After
schooling, the field of Psychology can expand many ways.
To give you an idea, here are some indepth looks at various fields.Some psychologists work in the
health care field. They practice in hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, and both public and private
clinics. They may work individually or in teams with other health care professionals such as
physicians, nurses, social workers, and so forth. Psychologists in health care provide assessment
and treatment services to persons with mental and emotional disorder. Because of the growing body
of scientific knowledge about the role of psychological factors in physical health and disease,
psychologists also play a role

A Career as a Psychologist Essay
Psychologists are very important people; they help millions of people with their everyday
struggles and problems that they have to deal with. Not only do psychologists help people with
problems that they cannot handle on their own, they also are scientists who study human minds
and behaviors. With being a psychologist, there are many different careers to choose from within
this profession (Explore Health Careers). The first type of psychologists to choose from is a
clinical psychologist. Clinical psychologists help people with counseling and psychotherapy. They
work with people who have all around life problems, such as new adjustments in life. Clinical
psychologists also help people who have emotional disorders or...show more content...
They also provide consolation to courts and attorneys in different types of legal proceedings (Psyris).
Next is an organization psychologist, which helps in the productivity of groups and individuals in a
workplace. These types of psychologists focus on improving the function of organizations, and to
keep individuals healthy within the organization (Psyris). Another type of psychology to choose from
is a counseling psychologist. These are important psychologists because they teach people how to
deal with their everyday problems. They help their patients determine their problems and help them
understand the problems they are facing. Not only do counseling psychologists help their patients
with the issues they are experiencing at home but also in their workplace or their community in
general. By helping their patients identify their strengths and resources, is how counseling
psychologists help them with their problems (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The next type of
psychology is the developmental psychologist. Developmental psychologists work with
psychological processes and development that takes place throughout life. They study aging and
problems the elderly may face, but this type of psychologist mainly focuses on children and
adolescents (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The last type of psychologist to choose from is the social

Essay on The History of Psychology
The History of Psychology In order to discuss Psychology's history, it is important to understand
that psychology still does not have one unifying approach unlike the natural sciences; even the
definition of Psychology and what it truly means is still undecided. However I shall attempt to
review chronologically its philosophical origins, include how the science of Physics and Biology
were placed in history and how they influenced research and determined the development of
Psychology as its recognised today. Beginning with the philosophers Plato and Aristotle (between
428– 347) in ancient Greece, they began to ask...show more content...
For example, the taste of lemonade (perception) to be a molecule of conscious experience could be
analyzed in terms of elements (sensations) i.e. sweet, sour, cold, warm, bitter, and how it was
identified by introspection (observation). Wundt's structuralism was quickly abandoned because it
could not be empirically or scientifically tested, it was also criticised for favouring deterministic
structural forces over the ability of individual people to act refusing the suggestion of freewill. But at
the end of the 19th century and lasting only 25 years Structuralism was still seen as a historically
important school of thought and it was the movements that it developed, rather than structuralism
itself that pushed forward the progress of psychology Functionalism as a psychology developed from
the philosophy of Pragmatism (practical, matter–of–fact way of approaching or assessing situations
or of solving problems). William James (1842–1910) laid the foundations with the publication of
"Principles of Psychology" a book that gave Psychology its distinction and it's well used definition
"the science of mental life" for its study. He introduced a methodology for the inclusion of conscious
mental processes and believed consciousness to be the primary object of psychology

Child Psychology Essay
Child Psychology
Introduction
Psychology involves studying the mental functioning and general behaviors of both humans and
animals. Social behavior and mental functioning of an individual are explained by exploring the
neurological and physiological processes. These include emotions, cognition, perception, motivation,
attention, brain functioning and personality. Child psychology is as well stated to be the application of
psychological techniques to children where it involves carrying out research on mental states and
development of children. The development of the child both physically, mentally and emotionally,
with the help of a parent allows the identification of helpful information to any evolving challenges
in child's behavior and...show more content...
Successful levels and stages of development are majorly associated with the increasing efficiency
and memory capacity. These explain a progression to higher stages and individual differences
which increases by same age persons and cognitive performance. Research indicates that the
performance of children at a given age is changeable from domain to domain such as the
understanding of social, mathematical, and spatial concepts that it is impossible to place the child
in a single stage. This level involves processes that define the volume and kind of information that
the individual child can process. For example, reflexes arise before birth and are still present in
newborns. Sometimes, prenatal development and birth complications may also be connected to
neurodevelopmental disorders. Young children react to various motivations in various ways (Damon
& Lerner, 2006). For example infants' sight blurry in early stages improves over time.
Habituation is applied in discovering the perceptual systems which indicates that children advance
earlier in developing perception compared to the acquiring the idea of the permanence of objects.
Vision, hearing, smell and taste, language, touch, and pain are the early infant sensorimotor
perceptual improvement in the infants' mental growth. Motor development, required for the child to
create relationships between vision, touch and

Essay on Clinical Psychology
Clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction
thus to encourage good health, good adaptive thinking and a healthy lifestyle. People working in this
field research into mental dysfunction suffered by the patients, assess their cognitive state of mind
and perform psychotherapy to decrease the psychological symptoms and/ or the underlying causes.
There are many sub divisions of therapies focusing on different routes of cure/prevention.
Biologically, chemotherapy and psychosurgeries are available; but below I will discuss the
treatments available psychologically. Psychologically, there are various treatments mainly the
psychodynamic and the behavioural approach. The main psychodynamic...show more content...
In contrast behaviour in the unconsciousness state lacks awareness of self and the environmental
situations. In between these is the preconscious state where thoughts from the unconscious state, that
are not suppressed, thus can be brought to the conscious by slowly recalling the thoughts.
Upon this differentiation Freud discovered that these symptoms resulted from the unconscious
decisions made following psychological conflicts experienced at the present moment. One specific
case, involved a young boy, who mother was asking him to sign a letter accusing the father of
abusing him, in order support her in their divorce. However the boy, knowing that both parents are of
no harm couldn't decide whether to sign the letter in favour of the mother or not to in favour of the
father (unconscious psychological conflict). Thus this resulted in the boy suffering paralysis (mental
neurotic dysfunction).
Such neurosis are maladaptive behaviours, that doesn't resolve but instead avoids the under lying
situation. This initiates from childhood feelings, memories, wishes and experiences that are
emotionally attached.
Freud's theory of personality defines that the psychological conflicts experienced by the individuals'
link to the compromises made against the forces of cognitive construct. Id, this form of cognitive
construct is from the unconscious that follows the

Essay about Definition of Psychology
Definition of Psychology
The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means
1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of
thought, emotion, and behavior.
And logos, "the study of." or according to modern researches "science"
These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or
mind was seen as distinct from the body.
Definition of Psychology:
Psychology is one of the youngest sciences. It is still going through the process of its development.
There has been much fierce controversy about its definition. It has been variously defined as the
science of soul,...show more content...
Great psychologist like Sigmand Freud support this fact.
The science of Behavior:
J.B. Watson described Psychology as the science of Behavior.. He said that external action or
behavior is the only concern of Psychology. He totally ignored mental processes. He said that what
goes on in our mind eventually comes out as our behavior. But this is not true for all times so this
was considered incomplete.
Now a days the most comprehensive definition of Psychology is:
"Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, and its application to solve human
problems"
OR
"Psychology is the schematic study of behavior and mental processes"
This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that
obtains knowledge through systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation.
Second is that psychologists study behavior, which refers to any action or reaction that can be
measured or observed–such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence
that often erupts in a mob. Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious

and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from

The Science of Psychology Essay
The Science of Psychology
"Psychology is the scientific study of mind, brain and behaviour. Some of what you do learn may
seem like 'common sense', or at least familiar to you because you are learning about topics in which
you can relate to. However some things you may believe is true, but is incorrect. The way we know
this is through the application of scientific methods."
Mark Leary suggests that the subject matter of psychology is much more familiar to most people
than is the subject matter of physics or biology; we see behaviour all around us. Psychology would
be an odd science of thought and behaviour if it only considered thoughts and behaviours completely
foreign to people's...show more content...
An example of this is; one of the simplest rules of behaviour is that if you reward someone for
doing something, they are more likely to do it again (the principle of reinforcement. How many
people out there actually verbalise this rule and use it consistently? Certainly not the mother who
rewards her child's tired tantrum in the street by buying them a toy or a magazine, nor the person
who showers their partner with attention and affection when they are having a jealous sulk at a party.
If you take Milgram's study of obedience, you can see that, the teacher obeyed the person with
authority. If you met a policeman in the street and he asks you where you were the following
night, because an incident happened and you may have been around the area or the time it
happened, you would do as the policeman asks as he has more authority, so it may seem like
common sense, as it is something you would see happening in everyday life. But Milgram's study
was a scientific experiment to see whether people would go as far as killing a person by authority.
Also if you look at the surroundings and at how the experiment was set up it was all very scientific,
based in a make–believe laboratory. With scientific equipment, so a lot of it actually was more
scientific than common sense, which is explained above that scientific methods usually way up more
than common sense.
Zimbardo's study

Psychology and Human Behavior Essay
Psychology and Human Behavior What makes people behave the way they do? Can anyone analyse
12 billion brain cells to determine how and why the mind functions the way it does?How is it that
people being similar in physiological terms, are yet so different in psychological terms?
Man has a multiple nature,there is a constant conflict...between good & evil, between the urges &
restricting forces, between thoughts & feelings, head & heart, soul & body,lower nature & upper
nature,...show more content...
The book says Yes! The answer is Transactional Analysis..TA, which is a tool to map the blue print
of the mind. Dr.Thomas Harris, a disciple of Dr.Sullivan, working with Dr, Eric Berne, came out
with the theory in early 70's and wrote this book, which was a bestseller.
Dr. Penfield, a neuro–surgeon, conducted a variety of experiments in 1950's using electrodes to
stimulate various parts and spots of the brain. The experiments revealed that;
a) Not only the past events are recorded in detail by human brain, but also the feelings associated
with the events. Both are inexorably locked together, one cannot be evoked without the other.
b) Brain is a high fidelity recorder that puts on tape every experience right from birth, even before
birth. It is a unique recorder that can not only record images and sounds, but also
sights,smells,feelings and emotions too.
c) Experiences can not only be recalled, but also be re–lived.
d) Persons can live in two states at a time. Being in the present,one can re–visit and re–live the past
as an observer,guest.
Dr Harris and Berne take over from here. The theory of TA, as I have understood is as follows;
The unit of social intercourse is a transaction which comprises of a stimulus, and a response. Both
these can be verbal or non verbal communications which indicate a transaction. If the transactions are
analysed, one can analyse the human nature.
Parent(P), Adult (A), and Child(C), are three parts of any person's

Introduction to Psychology Essay examples
Introduction to Psychology The concern about life is a main human characteristic. No matter if his
concern is concentrated in himself or in persons or things that surround him and constitute his
environment, everybody wants to know why people, himself included, behave the way they
behave. Everybody, also, wants to improve his behavior, so as to live in harmony with himself and
the society. The Greek word Psychology, is a word consisted of the words
ψυχή–soul and λόγος–utterance, talk. So,
generally, psychology is the science that examines the soul. But , since the psychologists work on
the problems of the personal, family, school, professional and social life, we could say, more...show
more content...
The heartbeats, the movements of our head are behavior. The way we eat, the way we drink, the
way we walk, we talk, are behavior. The construction of a bridge, the composition of a song are
behavior. The fantasies of a child, the dreams of a adolescent, the illusions of an alcoholic are
behavior. Although we are all familiar with human behavior, a little do we understand or we can
explain about it. Since our infancy we learn about behavior through the experiences and the
knowledge that we get by observing other people or having relations with them. Living in society
leads us to watch and try to explain the way people behave. But that is not always easy. Sometimes
we cannot understand even ourselves. Psychology comes to give answers to all this uncertainty.
Therefore, according to modern psychology, the term behavior means all the conscious,
unconscious, verbal, mental and kinetic expressions of ourselves. Psychology uses statistic
researches so as to distinguish the normal behavior from the abnormal one. Such a thing is very
difficult because every society has its own behavior standards, and, consequently, an act that is
normal according to one society, may be abnormal according to another. For example, polygamy is
not permitted in Europe, but it is permitted in certain societies in Africa. So, the judgement of a
behavior must bear in mind the social environment in which it takes place .

Why I Chose Psychology
College is important to me because I feel like it is step one of many to achieving my goal of
becoming a psychologist that helps people with their mental disorders. I chose Thomas College
to be my college because I visited it during my senior year of high school and it seemed like a nice
establishment. When I would think about attending Thomas I would mainly think about the strip of
road between the hall of flags and the athletic center. I would often fantasize about myself walking
that strip of road on my way to the gym because I really wanted to utilize the gym if I went here. I
chose Psychology as my major because I have seen, heard and encountered mental disorders
throughout my life and it's just something I think I would really love to...show more content...
Some of my hobbies include collecting rocks and minerals, snowboarding, obsessing over Harry
Potter, playing video games and reading. If I could do anything with my life I would most
definitely be a famous singer in a band or just a solo artist. I think my style would be something
like Ed Sheeran because I personally am a very romantic person. I really enjoy his love songs and
just everything that entails being in love. I think love is one of the purest things in life and I
intend to experience it for as long, and as much as I can throughout my lifetime. But I don't think
I am a talented enough singer, although I try, to be like Ed Sheeran or to be famous. A more
realistic goal for myself is sort of a picture of how I want to look and what I want to do by my late
twenties to early thirties. I want to be a therapist that specializes in mental disorders and body
signals. I want to wear nice clothes all of the time (ties, bow ties, button ups, khakis, dress pants,
etc.), have a bunch of cool and personality describing tattoos, and I want to have a nice, and by
nice I mean a socially acceptable, body. Those are just the goals and expectations I have for myself.

Careers in Psychology Essay
Career goals in Psychology
Lynda Reyes
PSY 215 Careers in Psychology
I want to be a psychologist. I would love to learn all about the way people act, think and feel and at
the same time try to help them. I have a very easygoing personality and I love to have fun and laugh.
I ask a lot of questions, and I think I am very easy to get along with. Some career goals I have is to
finish college, I would like to find a job I want to keep that I could make a career out of, and just
take it one day at a time because I have desire to make the right decisions and live a pleasant life.
I first became interested in psychology a couple years ago. I feel like I need to try and help make a
difference, and that's what I would like to spend the rest...show more content...
Are also matters that are handled from someone working in the forensics of psychology. Becoming a
successful forensic psychologist requires at least the solid clinical psychology training and
experience. Firm grounding in scientific theory and empirical research "understanding of scientific
validity, research design, statistics, and testing" critical thinking skills thorough knowledge of social
and cultural issues legal knowledge "including mental health law, case law, and courtroom
procedures" excellent writing skills strong oral presentation skills and the ability to maintain one's
composure under stress. Forensic Psychologists apply psychology to criminal justice. Although
similar in some aspects, forensic psychology is different than forensic science.
Salary is approximately $45,000 at the lower end of the education and experience and as high as
$77,000. Salaries vary widely depending on the type of workplace with nonprofit organizations
paying the lower salaries and with state and local governments paying the highest annual amounts.
Forensic psychology are experiencing rapid growth in a number of settings. Jobs are available with
child welfare agencies, state forensic units, mental health facilities, and community mental health
agencies. There is also a opportunity of operating as a private practice providing psychotherapy or as
a consultant. Government agencies offer

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