The Impact of Social Media on Leadership and Globalization

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW RESOURCES 6
Literature Review Resources
D’Ainsley Smith
Grand Canyon University
January 28, 2018
Literature Review Resources
Number
Article Information
Added to RefWorks?
1.
Reference
Damodaran, A. (1996). Corporate finance. Theory and Practice.

Wiley.
Y
Permalink
https://www.amazon.co.uk/corporate-finance
Annotation
The research provides an examination of teaching methods
using theories and models that assist in analyzing,
understanding, and problem solving. Financial discipline is a
creative resource, because it is not associated with theory, but
based on methods of actual (real), and practical (logical)
concepts.
2.
Reference
David, K., Arthur, S. I., & Michael, M. H. (2001). Multinational
business finance. Boston: Addison–Wesley
Y
Permalink
www.abebooks.com/multinational-business-finance
Annotation

Logical vernacular research concepts were demonstrated by the
authors that focused on global modern finance. The document
discusses modern day financial trends, such as corporate issues,
governmental policies, and gradual changes in new global
markets.
3.
Reference
Hillier, D., Grinblatt, M., & Titman, S. (2011). Financial
markets and corporate strategy. McGraw Hill.
Y
Permalink
https://www.amazon.co.uk/financial-markets-corporate-strategy
Annotation
The authorship creates an insightful perspective regarding
corporate finance and financial markets based on epithet
examples. The dialect is predicated as an indicative research
clause to display to researchers the challenges of pursuing and
practicing finance.
4.
Reference

Peirson, G., Brown, R., Easton, S., & Howard, P. (2014).
Business finance. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.
Y
Permalink
www.ebay.com.au/bhp/business-finance-peirson
Annotation
The information seeks to examine distinctive technical concepts
in business finance. The research accounts the notion of how
well issues are subsided in the industry of business that may
have a profound effect on business operations.
5.
Reference
Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business sector.
International Thomson Business Press
Y
Permalink
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496214

Annotation
The author elaborates on related topics concerning internal
employment concepts within organizations. The manuscripts
fundamental premise di cusses challenges organizations
experience internally with various organizational cultures,
managing of business operations, free enterprise, and other
strategic procedures. A salient concept of the article entails the
benefits small businesses have compared to the global corporate
society.
6.
Reference
Susing, I., and Cavanagh, J. M. (2013). At the intersection of
performance: Personality and adult development in coaching.
International Coaching Psychology Review. 8(2).

Y
Permalink
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org
Annotation
The information provided two aspects of coaching: Personality
Traits and Adult Development theory. The discussion developed
insight based on how individuals change during their lifespan,
and developmental techniques coaches use to assist with
positive customer assimilation. The articles primary focus
targets developmental literature based on an individual’s
personality trait articulated by strategic coaching techniques
related to personality and memory.
7.
Reference
Murphy, S. A. (2005). Recourse to executive coaching: the
mediating role of human resources. International Journal Of
Police Science & Management, 7(3).

N
Permalink
Annotation
The study evaluates executive coaching and mentoring and how
their relation within or outside of an organization. An in-depth
examination of the study succinctly focuses on the purpose of
certain entities of Law enforcement, and other organizational
environments. Negative and positive viewpoints are presented
on external and internal organizational basic leadership,
executive coaching, and mentoring.
8.
Reference
Niemann, J., Wisse, B., Rus, D., Van Yperen, N. W. &
Sassenberg, K. (2014). Anger and attitudinal reactions to
negative feedback: The effects of emotional instability and
power. Motivation and Emotion, 38(5).

Y
Permalink
Annotation
The article addresses two negative feedback questions
Question One
Are there certain individuals who are prone to get angry, and
exhibit the negative effects that anger produces (blaming
others) when they receive negative feedback?
Question Second
When someone receives negative feedback, do they look upon
the feedback provider in a negative manner?
The results of the research provide a hypothesis of both studies,
and the findings are relevant to society and business
organizations with a hierarchical design. The information
establishes how emotionally inept managers anger issues create
negative factors within the workplace.
9.

Reference
Besser, A., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Guez, J. (2008).
Perfectionism, and cognitions, affect, self-esteem, and
physiological reactions in a performance situation.
Y
Permalink
http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10942-007-0
Annotation
The information contained in the literature relates how
classified perfectionists respond physiologically to performance
feedback. The study used methodology standard to measure
self-esteem, perfectionism, and state self-esteem. Physiological
measurement responses related to common blood pressure

testing were performed, and the authors acknowledged future
research should enlist precise means of measurement. The study
is unique, because it investigates the physiological
manifestations of responses to perfectionist feedback.
10.
Reference
Humberd, B. K., & Rouse, E. D. (2016). Seeing you in me and
me in you: Personal identification in the phases of mentoring
relationships. Academy Of Management Review, 41(3).
Y
Permalink
Annotation
The article expounds as a synthesis articulation of relationship
mentoring. The authors build upon existing theories in the field
of mentoring, and provide new theoretical mentoring model
concepts. The article provides an understanding of the effects of
personal identification, and how over time changes to the

mentor-mentee relationship progresses through phases. The
information examines how certain changes develop within the
quality of the relationship over time, and builds upon existing
literature in the field of mentoring. The study contributed new
knowledge and increased the understanding of the identification
process and self-concept to mentoring research.
RES-850 – ORIGINAL RESEARCH TEN STRATEGIC POINTS
DRAFT 1
ORIGINAL RESEARCH TEN STRATEGIC POINTS DRAFT
2
Original Research Ten Strategic Points Draft
D’Ainsley Smith
Grand Canyon University
.
Table to Use to Complete your 10 Strategic Points

Ten Strategic Points
Comments or Feedback
Broad Topic Area
The impact of social media on leadership and globalization in
the modern era
Lit Review
Background of the problem/gap: Social media is a fast growing
and relatively new phenomenon sweeping the globe. Today,
more people are likely to use social media than read or send an
email. This means a globally minded business, can effectively
advertise on such sites, and will be more visible via any
traditional means typically associated with marketing.
As with anything in business, the key is to have an effective
strategy, and provide strong leadership. The world is
increasingly competitive, further shrinking profit margins of
many products, resulting in the need to maximize every
marketing dollar spent. Given the rising affluence existent
throughout the mega cities of the world, thousands of global
businesses and organizations require modern leaders that can
make use of such potential to market not only themselves, but
the company as well. To say afloat, social media should be
looked at a viable way of gaining new customers, both
domestically and abroad, and it is the modern day leader who is
chiefly responsible for making this happen. As a result, it is
beneficial to examine current literature in this area to determine
the possibility of using social media on a grand scale in order to
promote stronger and more effective leadership, in addition to
looking at both success stories and tales of failure in order to
draw reliable conclusions that could provide useful to the
effective incorporation of social media moving forward.
ii. Theoretical foundations (models and theories to be
foundation for study) - The conceptual and theoretical
frameworks for this study are drawn from a business
management and marketing theory related to business processes,

leadership, and the strategies necessary to effectively lead
businesses, both large and small, in an increasingly global and
competitive international marketplace. Also, the framework
includes research that correlates to better understanding various
marketing methodologies behind making use of the growing
social media phenomenon around the world to better market and
position oneself in the modern age. The theoretical basis of the
study is intended to provide conceptual evidence through
research of the benefits of including social media in the
leadership mix for such a global business entity, in an effort to
attract a continual stream of new customers and increase
productivity/revenue. The conceptual and theoretical foundation
of this study will enable leaders in the business and marketing
management to be more aware of how to use social media as a
mechanism of reaching a new audience with leadership skills
that can transform and position businesses for future eras.
iii. (c) Review of literature topics with key theme for each one -
While most leading professionals today seem to recommend
some level of social media presence to be an integral of any
marketing mix for any modern global leader, it still takes time
and effort to incorporate such a plan effectively. This begins
with understanding the various benefits of social media in
relationship globally competitive businesses in an effort to
determine how to best capitalize on its capabilities. A survey of
recent literature revealed several primary benefits to leaders in
the context of social media. These are highlighted below.
- Social media advertising can help elevate online search engine
rankings for a leader and his or her organization - Termed
'organic search results', businesses around the world are
clamoring to be at the very top of a user search when looking
for a quality small clothing shop in the city. This is often
extremely difficult, time consuming, and expensive to
accomplish apart from having some type of online presence.
Research reveals that once a sizable audience, or customer base,
begins to visa social media advertisements related to business,
they will click on links and share stories with their friends,

resulting in more website hits and increased traffic. The major
search engines in existence today pay attention to all of these
factors, and even a small business leader can jump a myriad of
places within a search simply by creating a noticeable presence
on social media sites throughout the globe.
- Social media can enhance the customer service ability of a
business and its leadership- Rather than answering customers
one by one, social media has enabled businesses and leaders to
immediately respond to comments, questions, or concerns in
such a way that provides immediate benefit to their entire
online customer base. In such a way, prospective customers can
also visualize the type of service and responsiveness that a
small clothing business can offer and may be more likely to
visit either an online or physical store for a try. Research also
reveals that this is a benefit that globally minded businesses
have over large corporations, as the ability of the latter to
respond adequately to a large number of questions or comments
made online has proved quite difficult. Small business leaders,
however, can employ an aggressive tactic to respond to the
comparatively small number of requests that they are likely to
receive via a social media outlet.
- A social media presence can develop and enhance the online
personality of a leader - Social media can enable the modern
day leader to be creative and dare to think outside of the box.
While many customers see many businesses and organizations
as one and same, social media provides an outlet where leaders
can differentiate themselves and their companies from the rest
of the competition by working hard to be innovative is the
social media messages and programs that they develop.
- Social media makes it easier to network with other leaders in
the area - Business competition does not have to be cut throat in
nature in all situations. There are many instances where leaders
in a given industry can work together and drive up customer
interest. Two different small businesses located in opposite area
of the city, for example, can create joint social media marketing
campaigns that draw upon the combined resources of both

shops. In so doing, the resulting social media presence can
serve to drive up customer volume in both shops
simultaneously. This exchange taking place via social media
also enables small business owners in the area to connect with
one another, in a mutual exchange of ideas and suggestions, and
an effort to help support each other in their desire to develop a
strong and prosperous business, given the really of operating in
such a large and global region.
iv. (d) Summary - By its very nature, social media drives people
to a global business that they might never have heard of it
otherwise. Social media itself is a platform that enables users, if
they like a particular business, to instantly broadcast that very
fact to all of their friends. It is the ultimate in 'word of mouth'
advertising, yet such comments can literally reach thousands of
individuals instantly. Whereas traditional forms of advertising
and leadership depend on money being spent on a campaign,
only to hope that the desired target audience sees and resonates
with the ad, social media is a de facto free form of advertising
when taking into account customers doing the advertising for
you. In a large and globally minded organization or business,
leaders who do not make use of social media would be missing
out on this compounding effect, as revealed in recent studies.
Problem Statement
The problem statement relates how the world is increasing
technologically to the point that businesses and organizations
are no longer tied to one geographical location. The world is
truly open for business, and today’s leaders are finding
themselves in unique positions to create a social media presence
to adequately manage and organize their professional life.
Research Questions
What methods assist leaders to make effective use of social
media in today’s competitive modern and global society?
Sample

Purposive sampling is the employed strategy within the scope of
the qualitative research, and a sampling technique provides a
clear purpose in selecting the participants for the study.
Purposive sampling does involve a selection of studies or
individuals who have a direct frame of reference to key
objectives and questions forming the basis for the study.
The research study involves a set number of participants invited
to take part in interviews based upon predetermined criteria
designed to specifically meet the objectives of the study. The
recruitment of participants interviewed will take place within
the researcher’s geographical area, because of logistical factors.
The narrow area of research is accommodating so the researcher
can schedule time to meet with interviewees. Another reason for
this choice is the travel expense related to the distance traveled
by the researcher and interviewee.
Video interviews via SKYPE technology was considered as a
possibility but is avoided to allow more of a personal
connection to generate meaningful and thought out responses
from the participants. A process also known as convenience
sampling, which involves selecting a sample population in terms
of the ease of accessibility. Critics argue against the widespread
use of convenience sampling owing to the propensity for
encountering the problem of generalization, but it is deemed
acceptable for this research study, because of the relatively
small size of the sample.
Naturally, researchers desire to arrive at reliable and valid
conclusions, so the study was constructed with the objective in
mind. When considering the research questions, gaining the
unique insight, perceptions, and experiences of selected
participants is important. This perception is based upon results
attained from comments designed to be detailed and exhaustive,
according to the reinforcement theory. The research questions
form the foundation for the study, so a focused and detailed
report will be prepared that aims to provide a narrative account
of descriptions and experiences related to the respective
attitudes towards the reinforcement theory, as expressed by each

participant in the interview process.
The population targeted for the project is composed of
professionals with vested interests in productivity and
efficiency levels of employees in the modern workplace
environment. The number of participants selected to participate
is between 20 and 50 participants. This is a manageable number
that provide the researcher the time to conduct an exhaustive
interview process, compile and code the data, and determine
common themes that exist between participant responses.
Chosen participants are individuals who represent the broader
population of those concerned with the methods that social
media provides, and the positive impact on overall leadership
potential of organizations with a global presence.
Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define
Variables/Hypotheses (quantitative)
Hypothesis - Social media is transforming the way leaders lead
organizations and businesses that have a global presence.
Null Hypothesis - Social media has a negligible and statistically
insignificant impact on the way leaders lead organizations and
businesses with a global presence.
Methodology & Design
Qualitative studies consist of multiple components, each
affording researcher with an opportunity to arrive at focused
and direct perspectives, related to the theme corresponding to
the project. This allows participants to provide their own
narrative and opinion about how to address research questions.
A primary focus of the study is to provide readers with an in-
depth account, provide summaries to reflect the thoughts and
insight of each participant, related to how social media is useful
in improving modern-day, global, and competitive workplace
leadership. In doing so, it is important to minimize any bias on
behalf of the researcher and participants respectively. This
eliminates any confusion in terms of why each question is
presented, in addition to perplexed assumptions.

The study employs an epistemological and exploratory design
focused on attaining descriptive comments from each
participant, related to their unique perspective and
interpretation of the topic.
Purpose Statement
The purpose statement of this research study determines various
methods of how social media is reshaping how professionals
develop leadership skills in an increasingly global and
competitive business environment
Data Collection Approach
Data collection will consist of Interviews based on the
convenience of the participant(s), and the researcher. The
interview will consist of open ended, and semi-structured
questions. If more clarification is needed a participant’s
response, the researcher will provide follow up questions to add
to the quality of data assembled for the study.
The responses will be digitally recorded, which allow the
researcher to focus on the interview. Participant response
confidentiality is assured during the interview or report writing
aspect, and the researcher will be the only individual with
access to the digital recording(s). Recordings are deleted in
accordance to the timetable provided by the University,
regarding the deletion of digital data.
The researcher will provide assurance the participants
understand any such risk associated with their involvement in
the project, and each participant is provided with a statement of
informed consent.
Data Analysis Approach
The Data Analysis approach consists of a minimum of 20 to 50
participants who are selected to take part in the in-depth
interview process. Each participant response is assembled in
narrative fashion and incorporated into the data collection of the
study. This number is determined statistically significant within

the scope of qualitative studies and is sufficient to reflect the
broader population within any given sample size.
The main objective of this qualitative and exploratory study is
to determine various ways that social media is an effective tool
leadership uses in a global business. It is important to implant a
semi-structured interview process to elicit detailed insight and
perspectives to establish common themes amongst the
participants. The narrative comments are coded and related to
information provided in the literature review to determine what
commonalities exist, and how they relate to the formation of
conclusions to the research questions.
Participant comments are considered reflective of a portion of
the overall population. The determination of common themes
developed within the narratives and allow researchers the
opportunity to determine how useful social media is in a
professional environment to promote stronger leadership
potential.
Qualitative research is appropriate for the study to determine if
organizations are ready for change. The benefit of the study
determines what attributes of change must be present.
Additionally, it is important to gain insight and perceptions of
leadership in any given industry going through to change the
determination of their own state of readiness.
Qualitative studies allow researchers to observe perceived states
of readiness, and interview professionals in the field to obtain
responses to key questions. The responses provide researchers
with a narrative to ascertain common themes related directly to
forming reliable and valid conclusions regarding research
questions forming the foundation for the study.
Summary of Articles

1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
74.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
87.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
100.0 %Criteria
40.0 %Summary of the Key Points of Each Article
A summary of the key points of each article is either missing or
incomplete.
A summary of the key points of each article is present, but
incomplete or inaccurate with or more points missing or
incorrectly identified for each article. The summaries do not
demonstrate that the learner has a solid grasp of the articles'
meanings.
A summary of the key points of each article is present, but
summaries are overly cursory, and demonstrate only a vague
understanding of the meaning of each article.
A summary of the key points of each article is present with all
points addressed reasonably well. The summaries demonstrate
that the learner has a moderate understanding of the meaning of
each article.
A summary of the key points of each article is present with all
points thoroughly addressed. The summaries demonstrate that
the learner has a clear understanding of the meaning of each

article.
40.0 %Description of How the Studies Lead to the Research
Gap
No description of how the studies lead to the research gap is
present.
A description of how the studies lead to the research gap is
present, but it lacks depth of reason.
present and demonstrates limited depth of reason though it is
not thorough.
present and demonstrates some depth of reason.
present and demonstrates great depth of reason
10.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or
vague; purpose is not clear.
Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to
purpose.
Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development
of the paper. They are descriptive and reflective of the
arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
Thesis and/or main claim are clear and comprehensive; the
essence of the paper is contained within the thesis.
5.0 %Mechanics of Writing
Mechanical errors are pervasive enough that they impede
communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or
sentence construction are used.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader.
Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence
structure, and/or word choice are present.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly

distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and
audience-appropriate language are used.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may
be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective
figures of speech are used.
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic
English.
5.0 %APA Format
Required format is rarely followed correctly. No reference page
is included. No in-text citations are used.
Required format elements are missing or incorrect. A lack of
control with formatting is apparent. Reference page is present.
However, in-text citations are inconsistently used.
Required format is generally correct. However, errors are
present (e.g. font, cover page, margins, and in-text citations).
Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper.
Sources are appropriately documented though some errors are
present.
Required format is used, but minor errors are present (e.g.
headings and direct quotes). Reference page is present and
includes all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and
citation style is usually correct.
The document is correctly formatted. In-text citations and a
reference page are complete and correct. The documentation of
cited sources is free of error.
100 %Total Weightage

The Impact of Social Media on Leadership and Globalization

The Impact of Social Media on Leadership and Globalization

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