Lectured by RD Jo B. Bitonio CDA RO1 Webinar on the Fundamentals of Co-ops via Tulong Balita On-Line

1. Origin, Philosophy
and Concepts of Co-ops
Koop Balitaan thru
Tulong Balita Online
Josefina B. Bitonio
Regional Director
CDA Regional Office -I

2. Robert Owen Scotland
William King UK
The Rochdale Pioneers
Great Britain
Charles Fourier France
Charles Gide France
Beatrice Webb UK
Friedrich Raiffeisen
Germany
Key Theorists

3. He was the earliest proponent of
cooperative movement.
He created cooperative communities
at New Lanark, Scotland
While many of these co-ops initially
failed, they inspired the successful
British co-operative movement of the
second half of the 19th century
Robert Owen
(1771–1858)

4. King believed in starting
small, and realized that the
working classes would need
to set up cooperatives for
themselves,
Advised people to form a
society within a society, and
to start with a shop to buy
food and necessaries
He proposed sensible rules,
such as having a weekly
account audit, having 3
trustees, and not having
meetings in pubs (to avoid
the temptation of drinking
profits)
Dr William King (1786–1865)

5. Year
2021
177
years
ago

6. The Rochdale
Pioneers founded a
mutual-aid society,
called the Rochdale
Society of Equitable
Pioneers. As its
initial project, the
society organized a
grocery store, a
venture that rapidly
prospered.

7. The Rochdale Pioneers
A few poor weavers joined together to
form the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers
Society .The Rochdale Pioneers, as they
became known, set out the Rochdale
Principles in 1844, which have been highly
influential throughout the cooperative
movement

8. Friedrich Wilhelm
Raiffeisen
1818 – 1888)
was a German
mayor and
cooperative
pioneer.
Several credit
unions systems
and cooperative
banks have been
named after
Raiffeisen, who
pioneered rural
credit unions.

9. Charles Fourier 1772 – 1837
The Pioneers established
the first consumer
cooperative, leading to
a worldwide movement.

10. Charles Gide 1847–1932
Charles Gide (1847–1932)
Gide was a champion of the
cooperative philosophy, including
both agricultural and consumers‘
cooperative, during the first third
of the 20th century. His book,
Consumers' Co-operative
Societies, which was published
first in French in 1904, and
in English in 1921.

11. Beatrice Webb (1858 –1943)
co-authored books and pamphlets
on socialism and the cooperative
movement including The History
of Trade Unionism (1894)
and Industrial Democracy (1897)

12. The United
Kingdom is home to
a widespread and
diverse co-
operative
movement, with
over 7000 register
ed co-operatives
owned by 17
million individual
members and
which contribute
£34bn a year to the
British economy
(Wikepedia, 2016)

13. GLOBAL LANDSCAPE OF
LARGE COOPERATIVES AND
MUTUALS
Top 300 rankings are
from the most
industrialized countries
such as, the USA (74
enterprises), France (44
enterprises), Germany
(30 enterprises), Japan
(24 enterprises),
Netherlands (18
enterprises) and Italy (12
enterprises).

15. Agriculture,
forestry, food
industries under
producers coops
Housing
Education, Health
& Social Work
Fishing
Other
Services
Utilities
Consumers
Insurance
Wholesale & retail
Financial Service

16. Agricultural cooperatives and
retailers’ cooperatives, whereas
mutuals (83 enterprises)
consumer/user cooperatives
(65 enterprises) financial
service cooperatives
worker
cooperatives (3
enterprises
multi-
stakeholder
cooperatives (2
enterprises
Producer cooperatives (133 enterprises)
Top 300
Global
Co-ops

17. India
93.7
million
USA
256
million
Japan
77 million
Iran
36.9 Million

18. 77 million
7.5 million
1.4 million
313,000
12 million 11.6 Million
93.7 million

19. TOP 300 TOTAL TURNOVER: 2,145.79
BILLION US$ TOP 300 TURNOVER USD
America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
88
166
46

20.  The largest 300 cooperatives
and mutuals report a total
turnover of 2,034.98 billion
USD, according to the World
Coop Monitor (2019).
 Cooperatives contribute to the
sustainable economic growth
and stable, quality employment,
employing 280 million people
across the globe, in other
words, 10% of the world’s
employed population
Cooperatives are not a
marginal phenomenon
1 billion cooperative
members worldwide.

21. Dr. Jose Rizal, had
organized Agricultural
marketing cooperative
in Dapitan while on
exile in 1896.

22. Where are we now?

23. CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE
Sec 15, Article XII
1987 Philippine
Constitution
The Congress shall
create an Agency to
promote the viability
and growth of
cooperatives as
instruments for social
justice and economic
development

24. Exec. Order No. 1
Series , 2016
CDA back to OP
Under the supervision of the
Cabinet Secretary

25. The Authority shall be an
agency attached to the
Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI) for policy
and program coordination
for cooperatives.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - -
EO No. 67, series of 2018.

26. Signed into law
on March 10,
1990 by then
President
Corazon C.
Aquino
RA 6939 In 2019, After 29
years, the CDA “is
hereby strengthened
and reorganized to
carry out the
provisions of RA
11364 and those of
Republic Act 9520, or
the Philippine
Cooperative Code of
2008.”
RA 11364
!5 powers,
functions and
responsibilities
37 powers,
functions and
responsibilities

27. Published in the
Official Gazette
on August 14,
2019, took effect
fifteen (15) days
after
Cooperative Development
Authority
Charter of 2019
RA 11364
Signed by the
President on
August 8,
2019

28. •Credit and
Financial
Services
• Banking
• Insurance
A
Human
Services:
• Health
• Housing,
• Workers
• Labor
Service
C
• Educatio
n and
Advocacy
D
• Agriculture
• Agrarian
• Aquacultur
e
• Farmers
• Dairy
• Fisher folk
E
There shall be one director from each of
the following cluster of cooperatives:
• Consumers
• Marketing
• Producers
• Logistics
B
Public
Utilities:
• Electricity
• Water
• Communic
ations
• Transport;
F

29. NAC
SAOs
RCO
s
PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY
COOPERATIVES
1 National Alliance of
Cooperatives (NAC)
ORGANIZATION OF NATIONAL
ALLIANCE
29
Sectoral Apex
Organization (SAOs)
Regional Clustered
Organization (RCOs)
Primary Cooperatives,
Secondary Cooperatives,
6
(20
RCOs)
16
RCOS
ALL

30. Cooperative Clusters in region 1
CLUSTERS LEGEND
Credit and Financial
Services, Banking and
Insurance
CFSBI
Consumers, marketing,
producers and Logistics
CMPL
Human Services HS
Agriculture, agrarian,
aquaculture, farmers, dairy
and fisherfolk
AAAFDF
Public Utilities PU
Education and Advocacy EA

31. Regulatory and Developmental
Responses
OPERATING
CO-OPS 18,851
NEWLY REGISTERED 1,377
REPORTING 11,939
NON-REPORTING 5,265
CO-OPS
STATISTICS
As of December 2019
CATEGORY REPORTING
COOPS
MEMBERSHIP EMPLOYMENT
LARGE 668 8.3 million 226,700
MEDIUM 2,033 1.9 million 95,100
SMALL 3,173 0.8 million 46,600
MICRO 6,065 0.5 million 144,800
TOTAL 11,939 11.6 million 513,100

32. Philosophy

33. • They are based on the powerful idea that
together, a group of people can achieve goals
that none of them could achieve alone.
• Cooperatives are formed to meet peoples’
mutual needs.

34. Cooperatives are based on basic values and
principles. Cooperative values are general
norms that cooperators, cooperative leaders
and cooperative staff should share and which
should determine their way of thinking and
acting.

35. The values, which are articulated by the ICA in a
statement in 1995. The values statement further
articulates values of personal and ethical behavior that
cooperators actualize in enterprises. They describe the
kind of people cooperators strive to be and
the traits they hope to encourage through
cooperation.

36. Cooperative principles on the other hand, are
guidelines by which cooperatives put their values
into practice. The principles rest on a distinct
philosophy and view of society that helps members
judge their accomplishments and make decisions

37. Concepts of
Cooperatives

38.  Private and legal/formally
organized entity/institutional
unit with legal status
Created to meet members’
needs through the market
Democratic governance
principle one man-one vote
Voluntary/freedom of
membership
 Self governing entity with
autonomy of decision
International
Cooperative Alliance
(ICA)
5

39.  Private and legal/formally
organized entity/institutional unit
with legal status
Created to meet members’ nee
through the market
Distribution of net surplus
according to members’ transacti
Members must be also custom
employees or suppliers or be
otherwise involved in the activitie
of cooperatives’
 Democratic governance princip
one man-one vote
System of National
Accounts (SNA
5

40.  Private and legal/formally organized
entity/institutional unit with legal status
Created to meet members’ needs throu
the market
Distribution of net surplus according to
members’ transaction
Democratic governance principle one m
one vote
Voluntary/freedom of membership
 Self governing entity with autonomy of
decision
 Limited interest on share capital
 Voting rights of investors members; if
allowed must be limited so that control
remains vested in the user-member
Eum (2016)
8

41.  Private and legal/formally organized
entity/institutional unit with legal status
Created to meet members’ needs throu
the market
Distribution of net surplus according to
members’ transaction
Members must be also customers,
employees or suppliers or be otherwise
involved in the activities of cooperatives’
 Democratic governance principle one
man-one vote
Voluntary/freedom of membership
 Self governing entity with autonomy of
decision
 Limited interest on share capital
 Voting rights of investors members; if
allowed must be limited so that control
remains
 In the spirit of winding up, net assets a
reserves must be distributed according
the principle of disinterested distribution
International Center of Research
Information on the Public Social
Cooperative Economy (CERIEC, 2
10

42.  Private and legal/formally
organized entity/institutional
unit with legal status
Created to meet members’
needs through the market
Democratic governance
principle one man-one vote
Voluntary/freedom of
membership
decision
Carini, et al (2017))
4

43. Gen Concepts
• An autonomous duly registered
association of persons
• Common bond of interest
• Voluntarily joined together
• To achieve social, economic and
cultural needs
• By making equitable contributions to
the capital required
• Patronizing the products and
services
• Accepting fair share of the risk and
benefits in accordance with
universally accepted co-op principles
Art 3 RA 9520.

44. Hybrid cooperatives are defined by
the ICA as “a cooperative that has issued
equity shares to non member investors”
(ICA 2015, p. 100). We here consider a
broader approach, as a substantial
challenge for cooperatives is the
discussions around “hybridized forms of
governance, where there may seem to be
an appearance of autonomy, whilst
control is continually conferred to the
same actors” (Roelants et al. 2009, p. 73

45. Isomorphization has two distinctive features: the
alignment of cooperatives on capitalist enterprises
and the process which concerns enterprises formally
constituted and incorporated in a legal form different
from cooperative status that tend to operate
according to some cooperative principles. According
to the ICA, it is important for cooperatives themselves
to resist any tendency to imitate investor-owned
enterprises in operational, management and
governance practices which do not reflect the
distinctiveness of cooperatives

46. Isomorphization. A similar idea was
pointed out as the “degeneration thesis”:
market pressures tend, over the course of
time, to lead to cooperatives becoming similar
to other kinds of enterprise, particularly
capitalist enterprise (Vienney 1980; Cornforth
et al. 1988; Sommerville 2007).

47. False Cooperative As they do not
voluntarily comply with the
cooperative principles or do not follow
the principles at all, false cooperatives
are entities which try to elude more
restrictive rules without necessarily
being moved by any cooperative ideal.
The issue of what is also called
“pseudo cooperatives” (Roelants et al.
2014, p. 111)

48. False Cooperative The ILO recommendation
No. 193 emphasizes the need to “ensure that
cooperatives are not set up for, or used for,
non-compliance with labor law, or used to
establish disguised labor relationships”.
Hence, national policies are invited to ensure
that labor legislation is applied in all
cooperatives and combat pseudo cooperatives
that violate workers’ rights.

50. • RA 11364
Can all those who are poor
today level up to middle class
in 20 years?
To be a middle-class society,
the Philippines needs to keep
up or surpass its 7.1%
economic growth rate for 20
years

51. • The government were to produce 1.3 million to 1.5
million jobs every year for the next 20 years
• "The rule of thumb is 6-7% growth yearly for every
decade doubles your GDP per capita," .Based on this
calculations, 10 years of 6-7% growth could make the
Philippine economy equivalent to Thailand's.
Another 10 years, we can compare ourselves to
Malaysia. A 3rd decade of such growth brings us to
the level of South Korea

52. By
2040, Filipinos
enjoy a strongly
rooted,
comfortable, and
secure life.