La parte segunda del libro grammatico.

1. Celestino Hopkins
LIBRO DE GRAMMAR PARTE 2

2. Present Subjunctive
 Mood: attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical
 Main clause+connector+subordinate clause
 -ar: e, es, e, emos, en
 -er/ir: a, as, a, amos, an
 Irregulars: dar (de) estar (este) ir(vaya)
saber(sepa) haber(haya) ser(sea)

3. Wedding
 W – Wishing/Wanting
 E—Emotions
 D—Doubt
 D—Disbelief
 I—Impersonal Expressions
 N—Negation
 G—God/Greif

4. Impersonal Expressions
 Es bueno que
 Es mejor que
 Es malo que
 Es importante que
 Es necesario que
 Es urgente que

5. Verbs of Will and Influence
 Sugerir-to suggest
 Rogar-to beg
 Recomendar-to recommend
 Prohibir-to prohibit
 Mandar-to order
 Insistir-to insist
 Importar-to matter
 Aconsejar-to advise

6. Common Verbs and expressions
of Emotion
 Algrarse-to be happy
 Esperar-to hope
 Sentir-to be sorry, to regret
 Soprender-to surprise
 Temer-to be afraid, to fear
 Es triste-it’s sad
 Ojala que-I hope, I wish (that)

7. Expressions of Doubt,
Disbelief, and Denial
 Dudar-to doubt
 Negar-to deny
 Es imposible-it’s impossible
 Es improbable-it’s improbable
 No Es Cierto-It’s not true, it’s not certain
 No Es Seguro-It’s not certain
 No Es Verdad-It’s not true

8. Object Pronouns
 Pronouns are words that take place of nouns.
Direct object pronouns directly receive the
action of the verb. Indirect object pronouns
identify to whom or for whom an action is
done.
 Indirect: me te le nos os les
 Direct: me te lo/la nos os los/las

9. Position of Object Pronouns
 Direct and indirect object pronouns (los
pronombres de complemento directo e
indirecto) precede the conjugated verb.
 Carla siempre me da boletos para el cine.
 No le guarde la seccion deportiva.
 Ella los consigue gratis.
 Nunca la quiere leer.

10. Object Pronouns Cont.
 When the verb is an infinitive construction,
object pronouns may be either attached to the
infinitive or placed before the conjugated verb.
 Indirect: Debes pedirle el dinero de la puesta.—
Le debes pedir el dinero de la apuesta.
 Direct: Voy a hacerlo enseguida.—Lo voy a hacer
enseguida.
 Lo is also used to refer to an abstract thing or
idea that has no gender. (Lo pense—I thought
about it.)

11. Object Pronouns Cont.
 When the verb is in the progressive, object
pronouns may be either attached to the
present participle or placed before the
conjugated verb.

12. Double Object Pronouns
 The indirect object pronoun precedes the
direct object pronoun when they are used
together in a sentence.
 Me mandaron los boletos por correo.—Me los
mandaron por correo.
 Te exijo una respuesta ahora mismo.—Te la
exijo ahora mismo.

13. Object Pronouns Cont.
 Le and les change to se when they are used
with lo, la, los, or las.
 Le damos las revistas a Ricardo.—Se las
damos.
 Les ensena el periodico a las reporteras.—Se
lo ensena.

14. Atencion
 When object pronouns are attached to
infinitives, participles, or commands, a
written accent is often required to maintain
proper word stress.
 Third to the last.

15. Prepositional pronouns
 Mi-me, myself
 Ti-you,yourself
 Ud.-you,yourself
 el-him,it
 Ella-her,it
 Si-himself,herself,itself
 Nosotros/as-us,ourselves
 Uds.-you,yourselves
 Ellos-them
 Ellas-them
 Si-themselves

16. Prepositional Cont.
 Prepositional pronouns function as the
objects of prepositions. Except for mi, ti, and
si, they are identical to their corresponding
subject pronouns.
 A+ Prepositional Pronoun is often used for
clarity or emphasis.

17. Object Pronouns Cont.
 The pronoun si (himself, herself, itself,
themselves) is the prepositional pronoun
used to refer back to the same third-person
subject. In this case, the adjective mismo/a(s)
is usually added for clarification.
 When mi, ti, and si are used with con, they
become conmigo, contigo, and consigo.
 Quieres ir conmigo al museo?—Do you want
to go to the museum with me?

18. Object Pronouns Cont.
 These prepositions are used with tu and yo
instead of mi and ti: entre, excepto, incluso,
menos, salvo, segun.
 Todos estan de acuerdo menos tu y yo.

19. Affirmativo
 Tu-simply drop the s
 Los irregulares: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten,
ven
 Ud/Uds-put in yo form and change to
opposite vowel
 Los irregulares-TV DISHES

20. Negativo
 Tu-put in yo form and change to opposite
vowel, add an s
 Los Irregulares-TVDISHES
 Ud/Uds-same as affirmativo
 Los Irregulares-TV DISHES

21. Mono Verb
 Let’s sit down
 Sentemosnos
 Drop the s
 Sentemonos
 Vayamonos changes to Vamanos

22. Demonstrative Adjectives
 ese., esa, esos, esas – all mean “that”
 Este,esta, estos, estas – all mean “this”
 Aquel, aquellos, aquella, aquellas – all mean
“over there”