To meet the goals and main purpose of conserving and protecting environment together with improving public health there is a need of practicing wastewater treatment before disposing it to water bodies such as ocean, rivers, and lakes or sometimes to bare land. So the treatment of wastewater is often a great importance especially in developing country like Tanzania. There are different technology adopted in treating such wastewater, each having advantage and disadvantage. Waste stabilization pond (WSPs) is large, shallow basin in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural process involving both algae and bacteria.They are used for sewage treatment in temperature and tropical climates, and represent one of the most cost effective, reliable and easily operated methods for treating domestic and industrial wastewater. Sunlight energy is the only requirement for its operation. Further, it requires minimum supervision for daily operation, by simply cleaning the outlets and inlets works. The temperature and duration of sunlight in tropical countries offer an excellent opportunity for high efficiency and satisfactory performance for this type of water cleaning system.

1. ARDHI UNIVERSITY
“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO
REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.
CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds
NAME; LALIKA, CHRISTOSSY
REG # 2691/ T. 2010
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SEST)
DEPARTMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
SUPERVISORS;
Dr. S. Mgana
Mr. F. Ligate
ARDHI UNIVERSITY
“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO
REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.
CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds
my email; christossylalika@gmail.com
Phone No; +255654797526

2. INTRODUCTION
 Background
To meet the goals and main purpose of conserving and
health there is a need of practicing wastewater treatment
rivers, and lakes or sometimes to bare land.
Waste stabilization pond (WSPs) are large, shallow basin
process involving both algae and bacteria.
They are used for sewage treatment in temperature and
effective, reliable and easily operated methods for treatingeffective, reliable and easily operated methods for treating
protecting environment together with improving public
treatment before disposing it to water bodies such as ocean,
basin in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural
and tropical climates, and represent one of the most cost
treating domestic and industrial wastewatertreating domestic and industrial wastewater

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Many municipal waste stabilization ponds Many municipal waste stabilization ponds
discharge the effluent to the environmental
DAWASA many WSPs found in Dar es Salaam
with high amount of BOD, COD, TS, TDS,
which do not meet the required Tanzania
rehabilitation of WSPs was completed in
was expected to give the effluent which
environmental standards. No study recentlyenvironmental standards. No study recently
understand their discharged effluent quality
Pond on its flow pattern under the local
Therefore this study needs to study if
Vingunguti Waste stabilization Pond meet
the recommended effluent standard for protection
ponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaamponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaam
environmental after treatment. According to
Salaam was discharging the effluent
TDS, nutrients and Feacal coliform
Tanzania standard. Current, the recent
in 2008. Hence this rehabilitation it
which do not meet the required Tanzania
recently has been conducted locally torecently has been conducted locally to
quality of Msasani and Vingunguti
local conditions after rehabilitation.
if the rehabilitation of Msasani and
meet the treatment of wastewater to
protection of environment.

4. STUDY OBJECTIVES
 Main Objective
Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to
rehabilitation over time.
 Specific Objectives
 wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.
 identification of wastewater sources.
 determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards
Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to
wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.
determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards

5. CASE STUDY
 Introduction
waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these pondswaste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds
have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.
 Location
waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are
comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal
within Dar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in
Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at VingungutiKinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti
area in ilala municipal.
 Climatic condition
 Both msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of
salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature
ranges from 230c to 330c
ar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these pondsar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds
have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.
ar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are
comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal
ar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in
Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at VingungutiKinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti
oth msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of Dar es
salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature

6. CASE STUDY CONT…
 Wastewater sources
 msasani waste stabilization ponds receive wastewater
kijitonyama and regent estate and from industrieskijitonyama and regent estate and from industries
 Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds is treating
the ponds serve the industries along Nyerere
domestic wastewater or sewage from pit latrine
at dumping stations to anaerobic sludge ponds
 Wastewater treatment and discharge
 msasani waste stabilization ponds consist of four
pond and three maturation ponds in series. there
wastewater and then discharge to facultative pond
 Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds consist of
pond and three maturation pond in series. there
anaerobic pond receives domestic wastewater
and after treatment discharges the effluent discharge
wastewater from residential areas of Mikocheni,
industries found in Mikocheni.industries found in Mikocheni.
treating the wastewater from domestic and industries.
Nyerere road and Tazara housing estate and station.
latrine and septic tanks is brought to ponds and emptied
discharge
four ponds in series starting with one facultative
there are also two anaerobic ponds that receive
pond
of four ponds in series starting with one facultative
there are two anaerobic pond in parallel but only one
wastewater from cesspit emptier through dumping station
discharge to the facultative ponds

7. CASE STUDY CONT…
Msasani waste stabilization ponds layout plan Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds layout plan

8. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION
 Data Collection Data Collection
Wastewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on
influent and effluent from each pond
 Wastewater Sampling
the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with non
ionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times
with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample
 Sampling method (Techniques)
Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate
equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of
collection and transportation of samples
MATERIALS AND METHODS
CHARACTERIZATION
astewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on
the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with non-
ionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times
with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample
Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate
equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of

9. LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING
The location of sampling point for wastewater atThe location of sampling point for wastewater at
msasani waste stabilization ponds have been
established at the inlet and outlet of each anaerobic,
facultative and maturation ponds
SAMPLING POINT
sampling point at Vingunguti wastesampling point at Vingunguti waste
stabilization ponds

10. CONT.. LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING
influent channels into anaerobic
pond at Msasani WSPs
SAMPLING POINT
effluent channels into facultative pond at
Vingunguti WSPs

11. WASTEWATER ANALYSIS
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
 pH and Temperature –pH
meter
 Total and Faecal Coliforms
Membrane filtrationmeter
 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)-
electrometric method
 Total Solids (TS)-Gravimetric
methods
 Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)-Gravimetric method
Membrane filtration
 COD
 BOD
(TSS)-Gravimetric method
 Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N)-
Nesslerization method
Total and Faecal Coliforms-
Membrane filtrationMembrane filtration
COD- Closed Reflux method
BOD5 – BOD truck machine

12. LABORATORY RESULTS AND DISCUSION
pH Variation in Msasani Waste Stabilization Ponds
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
pH
pH
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation in 2014
7.35
7.4
7.45
7.1
7.15
7.2
7.25
7.3
pH
pH
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation in 2005
pH variation at Msasani WSPs
(Source, Wittike, 2005)

13. COD AND BOD5 VARIATION
700
800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
CONC-mg/L
COD
BOD5
0
100
A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
BOD5 and COD Variation
2000
2500
COD
BOD5
0
500
1000
1500
CONC-mg/L
BOD5
mg/L
COD
mg/L
SAMPLING POINTS
BOD5 and COD variation
COD and BOD5 variation at Msasani WSPs
(source; Lusingu, 1994)

14. COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C
700
800
900
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
( Inlet) ( Outlet)
CONC-mg/L
Anaerobic Pond Anaerobic pond Facultative pond
(Inlet)
Facultative Pond
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 variation before rehabilitation
BOD5 and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)
CONT…
(outlet)
COD (mg/L)
BOD5 (mg/L)
Facultative Pond Maturation pond
(inlet)
Maturation pond
(outlet)
SAMPLING POINTS
variation before rehabilitation
and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)

15. COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C
 The performance removal of BOD
rehabilitation in 2014 is 24.21%, while
 Performance removal of BOD5 for final Performance removal of BOD5 for final
in years 1994 and 2005 are 57.60% and
 After rehabilitation, average COD
72mg/L respectively
 Performance decrease for removal of BOD
increase of sludge level in the ponds
CONT…
BOD5 for final effluent after
while COD is 21.59%
final effluent before rehabilitationfinal effluent before rehabilitation
and 14.4% respectively.
and BOD5 are 333.33mg/L and
BOD5 and COD because it might be due to

16. NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
40
45
50
10
15
20
25
30
35
CONC-(mg/L)
NH3-N
0
5
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation
AND REMOVAL
70
80
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
CONC-mg/L
NH3-N (mg/L)
0
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient(NH3-N) Variation
variation of Nutrient (NH3-N) for Msasani WSPs
(Source; Kumbuka, 2002)

17. NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
 The high value of NH3-N in anaerobic ponds
the industries that tend to dispose wastewater
amount of nutrient.
 Removal of NH3-N in final effluent is
rehabilitation
 By comparing the average effluent of Msasani
the average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 whichthe average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 which
gives 17.27mg/l, there is an improvement
Nutrient even though the effluent do not
6mg/L to 10mg/L
REMOVAL CONT…
ponds in all figures above probably due to
wastewater into municipal sewer with high
is 17.15% in 2014 and 9.5% before
Msasani WSPs in year 1987 which gives
which is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 whichwhich is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 which
improvement of the WSPs on the removing of
meet Tanzania temporally standards of

18. PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
100
120
Count/100ml(x106)
0
20
40
60
80
Count/100ml(x106)
FC
TC
0
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen variation
REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS
80000000
90000000
10000000
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
80000000
COUNT/100ML
FC/100ml
( Inlet) (outlet)
Anaerobic
Pond
Facultative
pond (Inlet)
Facultative
Pond
Maturation
pond (inlet)
Maturation
pond (outlet)
sampling points
Pathogen variation
TSS variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Lusingu, 1994)

19. PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
CONT…
 The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and
21.59% after rehabilitation.21.59% after rehabilitation.
 Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x10
31.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x10
count/100ml in figure two
REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS
The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and
Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x106 count/100ml and
31.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x106

20. TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID VARIATION AND REMOVAL
1000
1200
200
400
600
800
1000
CONC-mgTSS/L
TSS
0
A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Suspended Solid variation
REMOVAL AT MSASANI WSPS
1.2
1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
CONC-mgTSS/L
TSS
mg/L
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Suspended Solid variation
TSS variation at Msasani waste stabilization ponds
(source; Lusingu, 1994)

21. TSS VARIATION AND REMOVAL AT
removal of TSS from first influent anaerobic
by 8.29% as shown in figure above, this 8.29
down the stream
From figure two above show that the concentration
pond is 1.212mg/L and that leaving the pond
enter is 1021mg/L for anaerobic pond one and
Final TSS effluent is 281.67mg/l
TSS in 2014 is high compared to previous year
•Rainfall
•Presence of ways on embankment•Presence of ways on embankment
•Poor security guard around the pond
MSASANI WSPS
anaerobic pond by 19.7% to final maturation pond
29% is the amount that removed and enters
concentration of solid that enters within the
pond is 0.36mg/l while from figure one TSS that
and 655.67mg/l for second anaerobic ponds.
year because;

22. CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…
RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
pH variation
In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds
CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…
RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds

23. PH VARIATION CONT…
8.4
8.6
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
pH
pH
7
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation
7.2
7.21
7.22
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
pH
pH
7.13
Cesspit emptier
discharge to
sludge pond
Influent pipe
for raw
wastewater
Effluent from
facultative pond
Effluent from
maturation
pond
SAMPLING POINTS
pH variation
pH variation and removal at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

24. COD AND BOD5 VARIATION FOR
5000
6000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
CONC-mg/L
COD
BOD5
0
1000
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 Variation
FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs
1000
1200
0
200
400
600
800
Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from
CONC-mg/L
BOD5
COD
Cesspit emptier
discharge to
sludge pond
Influent pipe for
raw wastewater
Effluent from
facultative pond
Effluent from
maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
COD and BOD5 variation
COD and BOD5 variation and removal at Vingunguti waste stabilization pond
(source; Wittike, 2005)

25. COD AND BOD5 VARIATION CONT
 COD and BOD5 removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25%
respectivelyrespectively
 COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from
truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry
sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system
CONT…
removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25%
COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from
truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry
sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system

26. NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND
500
600
0
100
200
300
400
CONC-(mg/L)
NH3-N
0
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SMAPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) variation
AND REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WSPs
350
400
450
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from
CONC-mg/L
NH3-N
Cesspit emptier
discharge to
sludge pond
Influent pipe for
raw wastewater
Effluent from
facultative pond
Effluent from
maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Nutrient (NH3-N) variation
Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

27. CONT…
 Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds
39.29% NH3-N for anaerobic pond,
18.55% for the final maturation pond18.55% for the final maturation pond
 average removal of 53.2mg/l of NH3-
and the final average effluent removal
2005.
ponds it give the average removal of
pond, 42.91% for facultative pond and
-N at final effluent for the year 2014
removal of 41.83mg/L NH3-N for the year

28. PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
STABILIZATION PONDS
1600
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
COUNT/100mL(X10^6)
FC
TC
0
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen Variation after
rehabilitation
REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WASTE
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Count/100ml(x10^6)
Total coliforms
Faecal coliforms
0
Cesspit emptier
discharge to
sludge pond
Influent pipe for
raw wastewater
Effluent from
facultative pond
Effluent from
maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Pathogen variation
Variation of FC and TC at Vingunguti WSPs before
rehabilitation (Source; Wittike, 2005)

29. TOTAL SOLIDS VARIATION AND REMOVAL
STABILIZATION PONDS
16000
18000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
CONC-mgTS/L
TS
0
2000
A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E
SAMPLING POINTS
Total Solids variation
REMOVAL AT VINGUNGUTI WASTE
6000
7000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
CONC-mgTS/l
TS
0
Cesspit emptier
discharge to sludge
pond
Influent pipe for
raw wastewater
Effluent from
facultative pond
Effluent from
maturation pond
SAMPLING POINTS
Total solids Variation
TS at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

30. CONT…
 effluent for the year 2014 which gave the average
worse compared for the effluent of year 2005
total solid of 3406mg/L as shown in the figures
average of total solids of 5063.33mg/l are more
2005 which provided the effluent with average of
figures above

31. EFFLUENTS DISCHARGE INTO SURFACE
MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPS
Effluent discharge to water
surface from Msasani WSPs
Effluent discharge to water
surface from Vingunguti WSPs
PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau
Standards (TBS)
pH - 8.6 6.5-8.5
Temperature OC 25.7 20-35
TDS mg/L 311 300
TSS mg/L 281.67 100
NH3-N mg/l 17.2 6-10
PARAMETERS
pH
Temperature
TDS
TSS
NH3
COD mg/L 333.3 60
BOD5 mg/L 72 30
FC Count/100ml 6.543 x106 1 x 103
TC Count/100ml 31.89 x 106 10 x 103
TS mg/L 692.67
COD
BOD
FC
TC
TS
SURFACE WATER FROM
S
Effluent discharge to water
surface from Vingunguti WSPs
PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau
Standards (TBS)
- 8.19 6.5-8.5
Temperature OC 24.9 20-35
TDS mg/L 3251 300
TSS mg/L 1811 100
3-N mg/l 53.2 6-10
COD mg/L 1975 60
BOD5 mg/L 89 30
Count/100ml 707.3 x103 1 x 103
Count/100ml 5.398 x 106 10 x 103
mg/L 5063.33

32. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
 CONCUSION
 Performance of the pond in removing the organic parameter like BOD
water surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceedwater surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceed
average BOD5 effluent for Msasani WSPs is 72mg/L while for
high compared to Tanzania temporally standard which is 30mg/L
 Maintenance of the ponds is not carried out regularly that results
inlet and outlet of the ponds hence leads to less performance of WSPs
 Temperature effluents from maturation pond for Msasani WSPs
Msasani WSPs is 8.63 which is high above the range of 6.5-8.5 while
be within the range which is 6.5-8.5
 Total and faecal coliforms bacteria in all effluent do not meet the
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
BOD5 and COD are still poor because the effluent that discharge into
exceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example theexceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example the
Vingunguti WSPs the average BOD5 effluent is 89mg/L which are
results to accumulation of grits, solid and floating scum in the surface and
WSPs
WSPs were in required range which is 20-30 0C. But pH effluent for
while for Vingunguti WSPs the effluent pH is 8.19 which is found to
standard

33. CONT…
 RECOMMENDATION
 Sewerage authority should desludging
volume/depth that will increase the detentionvolume/depth that will increase the detention
which will increase ponds performance
 At dumping station screen should be
materials from entering the ponds system
 The advanced or tertiary treatment e.g
the wastewater effluent from Msasanithe wastewater effluent from Msasani
 Wastewater from industrial should
waste stabilization ponds
 Provision of security around the pond
throw solid material and even to defecate
desludging the pond soon as to increase pond
detention time of wastewater in pondsdetention time of wastewater in ponds
performance
be installed to remove the suspended
system
g. wetland should be designed to polish
Msasani and Vingunguti WSPsMsasani and Vingunguti WSPs
be pre-treated before discharging to
pond which it can help to hinder people to
defecate within the pond.