Secular Humanism Essay

Secular Humanism Essay
The fall 1986 Tennessee court decision on alleged "secular humanism" in Holt, Rinehart, Winston textbooks illustrates the continuing controversy over
that term.
The term "secular humanism" is used today to castigate a wide spectrum of our populous. The derision with which the term is used suggests images of
horrid, grotesque monsters. In reality, however, the term merely consists of two sorely misunderstood words. In combination they suggest a virus,
though singly they are innocuous, if not healthy.
"Secular" means having to do with this world, or that which is temporal rather than spiritual. It suggests something that is not specifically pertaining to
religion, or that which is apart from God, although not necessarily opposed to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4, pp. 69 ff.), "Humanism recognizes the value and dignity of man and makes him the measure of all things or somehow takes human nature, its limits,
or its interests as its theme."
Humanism describes the emphasis that was revived in the Renaissance when the Liberal Arts were used to distinguish man from beasts. Through
letters––or scholarship––was sought a rebirth of spirit and spiritual freedom and justification of the claim to rational autonomy. In essence, the
Renaissance was a revival of the capacities and powers of the ancients.
The version of "secular humanism" expressed in the "Humanist Manifesto" (I––1933 and II––1973) is actually naturalism, wherein there is no
qualitative difference between man and animal, nor any supernatural. Man supposedly evolved from lower forms of life and does not possess a soul.
According to "secular humanism," man does have reason and will, which he should exercise to realize human personality. The Humanist Manifestos
also explicitly deny the sinful nature of man. This form of secular humanism is actually a repudiation of true humanistic values. The secular perversion
of humanism is anthropocentrism (self–expression/affirmation and human autonomy), moral relativism, and atheism. A Christian world view contradicts
this version of humanism.
A key distinction between naturalistic "secular humanism" and Christianity would be the view of life after death. "Secular humanism," being limited to
this world, would not acknowledge

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John Milton 's Paradise Lost
A few years prior to writing Paradise Lost, John Milton lost his vision. In fact, Milton does not hide the reality that his "eyes, that roll in vain...find no
dawn"(Paradise Lost, 3.22–23). The light that Milton refers to, however, is not just physical, but it is also spiritual. There is a third type of blindness
that Milton addresses, blindness from knowledge. Milton is concerned with this form of blindness in a number of works, perhaps most notably
Areopagitica. The acquisition of knowledge plays a vital role in Paradise Lost: the fall of Adam and Even relies on their attainment of knowledge; the
decision to eat the fruit is blasphemous because Adam and Eve know that it is forbidden to them; Adam embarks on an educational mission as he
asks Raphael questions in an attempt to gain more knowledge about the world around him. However, not all knowledge can be attained by Adam and
Eve, which complicates the justice of the fall. As John Milton explores the nature of knowledge in Paradise Lost, the validity and visibility of this
knowledge lead Adam and Eve to an unjust fall. With the exception of God, knowledge is limited for all the characters in the text. When Adam asks
Raphael a number of questions concerning his creation and his duties towards God, Raphael readily answers. However, when Adam inquiries about the
cosmological universe, Raphael provides an answer but quickly reminds Adam that this knowledge "from Man or Angel the great Architect/Did wisely
to conceal, and not

The Puritan, Anti-Royalist Cause In England
What is Milton arguing here? How does this relate to the Puritan ('Roundhead'), anti–Royalist cause in England (the historical context of this celebrated
tract)? Milton argues that public officials should not warp the truth that they present to the general public. Milton is very adamant about no being
swayed by dishonesty and how people have the right to learn and know what is happening around them. "Last, that it will be primely to the
discouragement of all learning, and the stop of Truth, not only by disexercising and blunting our abilities in what we know already, but by hindring
and cropping the discovery that might bee yet further made both in religious and civill Wisdome (Milton, AREOPAGITICA)". Milton also seems to be
saying that if

Essay about The Perpetual Battle Against Censorship
"There is more than one way to burn a book," (176) says Ray Bradbury when explaining the reason he wrote Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury at the time
was upset about "condensed books", or books which had been simplified for easier reading. Luckily, this fad seems to have passed. However, he was
also upset about people who wrote asking him to change the role of women or African–Americans to make them more or less dominant in some of his
works. One of the major themes in Fahrenheit 451 was just that; a society where everyone got what they wished and literature was eliminated entirely
so it wouldn't offend anyone. Sadly, this still continues to happen in the United States. Many books have been banned from school and public libraries
because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the ACLU, this applies not only to pure speech (books, newspapers, leaflets, and rallies), but also "nonverbal expressions that
communicate ideas" ("ACLU . . ."). To take the good with the bad, not only does it protect popular ideas, but also ideas expressed by hate groups and
those against the government. The only exceptions that have ever been made to the first amendment are the two Supreme Court cases Chaplinsky v.
New Hampshire (1942) and New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) ("ACLU . . ."). In the Chaplinsky case, the court ruled that free speech was not
protected if the speech was "fighting words" or words meant to provoke the person to whom they are addressed ("ACLU . . ."). In the case of New
York Times v. Sullivan, the Supreme Court ruled that free speech is also not protected when it is slander against public officials ("ACLU . . .").
Mostly however, these two Supreme Court cases apply only to journalism, as most classic and contemporary literature is not directed simply at one
person. Despite all this protection, the decision to ban books from libraries is largely left up to the schools and institutions themselves ("Banned Books
Online"), and a federal ban is very rare, practically nonexistent today.
If we have the first amendment, then why are books still federally banned? There is a U.S. law that forbids the trade of "obscene literature, or articles
of immoral use"

The Life and Times of Sir Isaac Newton Essay
Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 (based on the Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. Growing up, he was never
really close to his parents because his biological father died three months before he was born. Then, his mother remarried and left him to be raised by
his grandparents. It was not until 1661, when Newton started studying at Cambridge University, that Newton took an interest in math and science.
Then, in 1665, Newton was forced to go home because of an epidemic outbreak. During his time away from school, Newton started studying optics,
math, and gravity. In addition, he started to create Calculus. Newton was allowed to return to Cambridge in 1667, and in 1669, he became a math
professor. In... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A few scientists who lived just before Newton's life were Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Robert Hooke. Copernicus discovered the heliocentric
theory. This idea was revolutionary because before his theory, people believed that the sun revolved around the earth (geocentric theory). However,
Copernicus presented the theory that the earth revolved around the sun (heliocentric theory). Another scientist, Galileo Galilei, created the first
telescope. Thus, with his new invention, he was able to see the Milky Way, features of the Moon, and Jupiter's moons. While observing Jupiter's
moons, he saw that the moons orbited around Jupiter, not earth. With this new information, he was able to disprove the geocentric theory because
Jupiter's moons did not orbit around Earth, but rather Jupiter. Galileo also found that everything fell at the same speed. He tested this theory by
dropping two balls (one heavier and one lighter) off of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. They both hit the ground at the same time ("Astronomy and Space
for Kids"). In addition, Galileo proposed the idea of inertia ("The Scientific Revolution"). Robert Hooke was another notable scientist of that time.
Hooke created the law of elasticity. This law states that, "the stretching of a solid body (e.g., metal, wood) is proportional to the force applied to it"
(The Editors of EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica). Hooke also invented the Gregorian reflecting telescope. Through this invention

John Milton 's Paradise Lost
Some wonder, some believe, others do neither. The question is which are you? For centuries many have asked what or whom made the Universe
and many answer God while others say evolution. At one point or another everyone has heard the story of Adam and Eve or how God gave his only
begotten son to save our sins. However, not many have heard about why the devil got sent to hell and why believers in Christ are not supposed to like
the devil. That is why I choose to write about "Paradise Lost", which tells what happened to the devil and how he went from being one of the head
angels to the ruler of the underworld. John Milton, author of "Paradise Lost", was born into a middle class family in London on December 9, 1608.
Growing up Milton was extremely educated and attended St. Paul's School, Christ College, and Cambridge with the intent on being a clergy. But, for
some reason he changed his mind and spent six years preparing to become a poet. "In 1638, Milton began a 13–month tour of France and Italy, during
which he met many important intellectual and influential people, including the astronomer Galileo, who appears in Milton's tract against censorship,
"Areopagitica."(Academy of American Poets) Then in 1642, Milton married Mary Powell whom blessed him with three daughters and a son and later
on he married Katherine Woodcock and Elizabeth Minshull. During the English Civil War, Milton wrote pamphlets advocating radical political topics
and also served as security for foreign

Heroic in Paradise Lost by John Lost Essay
The theme of the 'heroic' in John Milton's Paradise Lost is one that has often been the focus of critical debate, namely in the debate surrounding which
character is the 'true' hero of the poem. Most critics of the subject have, however, noted that the difficultly in defining the 'hero' of Milton's work is
mainly due to our "vague understanding of what constitutes heroism"1 and the fact that "the term itself is equivocal"2. The 'vague' terming of what
heroism can be defined as it what draws critics to disagree with one another over the nature of heroism, as Charles Martindale points out that there are
'different models of heroic', many of which Milton employs in his epic poem. To incorporate these different 'models' of the heroic into his... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Satan later claims, "To reign is worth ambition .. /Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven." (PL, I: 262–63, p.156) His statement suggests that
his fatal flaw might be his ambition, his desire to become even more powerful than he once was. This image of Satan having a 'fatal flaw', something
that drives him into destruction, connects him with the idea of Aristotle's hamartia, and connects him to the imagery of the other a 'good person' who
has fallen from grace, but is nonetheless a hero. Satan is also connected to Aristotle's idea that "heroic virtue is superhuman, godlike, and divine"5,
when he is described to be "stretched out huge in length" (PL, I: 209, p.155) across the lake, further imprinting the image of his heroic status.
However, modern critics have begun to criticise the conclusions of the Romantics, claiming that the notion of Satan as a reflection of a classical hero
can only be accepted when studying the first two books of Milton's poem. During the course of the poem the 'superhuman, godlike' image of Satan
deteriorates. John Peter, in his study of Satan, quotes C. S. Lewis, who claims that Satan's character moves from "hero to general, from general to
politician, from politician to secret service agent, and thence to a thing that peers in at bedroom and bathroom windows, and thence to a toad, and
finally a snake"6. C. S. Lewis's detailing of Satan's various images gives a

Arguments Against Government Censorship
Government censorship is a huge issue, particularly when it comes to media messages. There is a fine line that must be walked when deciding what
should be censored. However, it boils down, in my opinion, to one major consideration; is what is being made public going to harm or endanger
anyone? If the answer to that is no then I don't think that the government should censor it. However, I do think that we have seen examples, recently
right here in Tuscaloosa where some kind of government censorship should have been exercised.
January 10th, the morning after the National Championship a man jumped out of some bushes and held a gun to a bank tellers head and then proceeded
to take the employees inside hostage. The media kept live coverage going, spilling their guesses about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1644 John Milton published a prose titled "Areopagitica" which opposed censorship. While he was not fighting for freedom of press he was fighting
more for the freedom of the printing press. At the time anything written had to be approved by Parliament before it could be published, he was against
that censorship and stated that not knowing was more dangerous than knowing. Milton's work which pre–dated the issue of the freedom of the press
quite a bit laid the groundwork for opposing censorship. I believe he had a point, when you allow too much censorship you essentially put all the
power in one group of people's hands, the ones deciding what to censor. On the other hand, when you ban censorship then a system of checks and
balances exists. For example, the new President, Donald Trump has been discussing censoring specific federal agency websites, specifically the
EPA's website on climate change. That sort of censorship is bad. But because of where we live and the fact that we are unaccustomed to censorship
everyone began calling him out on it and, for now at least, the website is staying

Paradise Lost Analysis
In Paradise Lost, Adam and Eve fall individually and Milton uses the individual falls of Adam and Eve to expound upon unique facets of the
personalities, reinforcing Adam as a symbol of reason and Eve as a symbol of liberty. Throughout the epic, Adam is portrayed as a symbol of reason
through his rational disposition. In Areopagitica, Milton's address to the English Parliament on censorship, Milton defines reason by stating, "Many
there be that complain of divine providence for suffering Adam to transgress. Foolish tongues! when God gave him reason, he gave him freedom to
choose, for reason is but choosing" (733). Milton suggests that reason can be defined as having ability to choose, and consequently, he associates that
definition with contemplation and the pursuit of knowledge. As the first man, Adam frequently contemplates the world around them and continually
seeks knowledge to rationalize himself and his surroundings. In book VIII of the epic, Adam observes that all of the animals have companions and he
does not, which leads him to question God and ultimately petition him for a companion (372). Through this early occurrence in the epic, Milton
establishes that Adam is reason, as he contemplates his surroundings, actively pursues knowledge, and makes the decision to want a companion.
Likewise, Adam continues this pattern of action in many other instances in the story, continually and practically exercising Milton's definition of
reason in Areopagitica. As Milton

A Speech For The Liberty Of Unlicensed Printing By John...
'Areopagitica: A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing' was written by John Milton in which he argued against censorship and defended
free speech and freedom of the press. John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of
England under Oliver Cromwell. He was born in Bread Street, London on 9 December 1608. He was known best for his epic poem Paradise Lost.
Milton 's verse and writing reflect deep individual feelings, a passion for freedom and self–assurance, and the important and contemporary issues and
political turbulence of his day. Writing in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he was able to gained global name and fame within his lifetime. But he
also earned international... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Areopagitica is full of divine and classical references which Milton uses to strengthen his argument. This is particularly fitting because it was being
addressed to the Calvinist Presbyterians who comprised Parliament at that time. The Areopagitica was an attack directed against the Licensing Order
Act of 1643, which demanded that an author 's work be approved by the government in order for it to be published. Milton sets off his writing with
historical evidence noting that Ancient Greece and Rome did not follow to the practice of licensing. In some cases, blasphemous or irreligious writings
were burnt and their authors punished, but it was after production that these texts were rejected rather than prior to it. Milton 's point is that, if a text is
to be rejected, it should first be "examined, refuted, and condemned" rather than restricted before its ideas have even been expressed. Milton indicates
that licensing was first instituted by the Catholics with the Inquisition. This fact appealed to Parliament 's religious beliefs since it was dominated by
Protestants, and there were conflicts between the Protestants and Catholics in England. Milton provides historical examples of the aftermath following
the Inquisition, including how there were popes in Rome beginning in the 14th century who became

Defense Of The Federal Mafia
Janine Callender
AP English and Comp
Mrs. Berry
June 1, 2015
In Defense of The Federal Mafia
Irwin Schiff's The Federal Mafia: How It Illegally Imposes and Unlawful Collects Income Taxes is a how–to manual on how to stop paying income
taxes. Schiff wrote this book in 1980 while in prison for failing to file income tax reports. Schiff has been in jail several times for tax evasion and
other crimes involving taxes. Schiff's book was intended to motivate people to fight income taxes. This book was banned after the information in it
was declared fraudulent by the federal court. The Federal Mafia has received much criticism because its intention is to teach people how to avoid
income taxes, however, this book provides information that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
American libraries published an article titled "FTRF Files Amicus Opposing U.S. Ban on Anti–Tax Book in which District Judge Lloyd D. George
notes that "it is illegal under tax code to engage 'fraudulent or deceptive conduct that substantially interferes with the proper administration of the
internal revenue laws'". (American Libraries Magazine 1) This made it illegal for Schiff to write a book that contained fraudulent information on tax
evasion because it would interfere with the IRS collecting taxes from hundreds of Americans who read Schiff's book. Declaring that the book contains
fraudulent information allows it to be banned appropriately.
The court declared that Schiff's book was part of a tax evasion scheme and therefore they could prohibit the sale of the book. In a New York Times
article titled Court Says Author Can 't Sell His Book on Evading Taxes Judge Procter Hug Jr. wrote that Schiff has "been selling products that
help...customers engage in illegal activity," and "is making fraudulent claims" regarding the legality of income taxes. (Johnston 1) Anyone is allowed
to sell Schiff's book excluding Schiff and his associates. It seems pointless to ban a book that is still allowed to be sold. Schiff's ideas and thoughts are
still being spread.
Schiff argues that income taxes are completely voluntary

Radio Talk Show Host, Rush Limbaugh
Advocacy Journalism is when a journalist takes a non–objective stance while speaking about a specific topic. It is generally used to argue a specific
viewpoint in politics or social matters. This form of journalism has been around for many years. Traces of advocacy journalism date back all the way
to the 17th century with John Milton's Areopagitica (Applegate 11–12). Radio talk show host, Rush Limbaugh, would be a modern example of an
advocacy journalist because of his commonly subjective viewpoints that he expresses to his audience. With so many media outlets for people to get
their word out on, advocacy journalism has grown to be more prominent in the past few decades. Often, you come across someone speaking about his
or her opinions on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He focuses on the problems his hometown of Flint, Michigan faces after their plant shuts down, leaving the majority of the town without jobs.
Following the release of his first film, he set free another documentary in 2002 called, Bowling for Columbine. In this film he examines the gun
culture in the United States. He focuses greatly on the shooting held in Littleton, Colorado at Columbine High School and why the two killers
performed the terrible act that they did. Both films were slightly different than most documentaries you often watch because he does not remain
objective throughout the film. Instead, Moore uses his films to speak passionately about a particular subject. They both were very influential
because Moore used tactics that solidified his opinions and arguments. Moore presents information that is impactful and startling. He puts forward
many examples that make his viewers elicit the response he wants and in the end makes them agree with his opinions. Ultimately, the impacts of
Moore's films were satisfactory. His use of powerful argumentative techniques sways his audience to his side of opinions. In regards to Roger &
Me, Moore was successful in persuading GM to hold back a few years before closing another plant because of how Moore portrayed the individuals
who were laid off. The poverty and lack of prosperity of the town affected by the closure of many plants was key in persuading individuals that there
was an actual

The Freedom Of Freedom In John Milton'sParadise Lost?
John Milton was an English writer who served as secretary under the rule of Oliver Cromwell and he had expertise in several things (Hunt, 2012,
pg. 540). He was a poet, a person who never shy away from controversy as reflected in his defense of the freedom of the press. When he published his
most popular poem "Paradise Lost", the socio–political situation was at an edge due to the continuous religious change. Milton is mostly known due to
his enormous talent as a poet, but he got engaged in several socio–political activities and out of them, he gained more popularity for advocating for the
freedom of the press in the sixteen centuries. In his prose Areopagitica, John Milton shared philosophical defense of the right to freedom of the press
/ speech. He expressed it by claiming that books about religion should be allowed to be published. (Hunt, 2012 pg. 540). In that pamphlet, Milton
wanted the freedom of the press to prevail. Milton wanted his vision about the freedom of speech and freedom of the press to be shared and that is
why he made pamphlets and shared those to make sure that his views are distributed among the public. In his pamphlet, Milton demanded the
liberty to know, argue fearlessly according to the conscience. Milton said that free expression is the fundamental and an unalterable liberty and the
priority of that should be on the higher side. Milton always had a personal feeling of resentment against the government since the government had
censored many of his creative works and especially the creations about the political and regarding the controversial laws of that time (Hunt, 2012,
pg. 540). Milton's Areopagitica can be considered as a blunt attack on the Licensing law that parliament passed. According to this law, it literary
stated that an author's creation would be first approved by the government and then only it will be eligible to publish for the public and approval of
this law was based on acquiring a license before publishing any book (Hunt, 2012, pg. 542). This law was put in place to confiscate and destroy copies
of any books if it seems to be disturbing or against the institution. Along with those, it was also mentioned that government has the right to arrest and
punish

Freedom of Speech
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not
only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right
to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on "hate speech".
The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in
international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR recognizes the right to freedom of
speech as "the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, freedom of the press is not necessarily enabling freedom of speech. Judith Lichtenberg has outlined conditions in which freedom of the
press may constrain freedom of speech, for example where the media suppresses information or stifles the diversity of voices inherent in freedom of
speech. Lichtenberg argues that freedom of the press is simply a form of property right summed up by the principle "no money, no voice".
Origins and academic freedom
Freedom of speech and expression has a long history that predates modern international human rights instruments. It is thought that ancient Athens'
democratic ideology of free speech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC.[12] Two of the most cherished values of the Roman
Republic were freedom of religion and freedom of speech. In Islamic ethics, freedom of speech was first declared in the Rashidun period by the caliph
Umar in the 7th century AD. In the Abbasid Caliphate period, freedom of speech was also declared by al–Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al–Ma'mun) in
a letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason. According to George Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of
academic freedom" in universities was "modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medieval Madrasah system from the 9th century. Islamic
influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately–planned university" in Europe, the University of Naples Federico II
founded by

Paradise Lost Essay
Paradise Lost
The poem is divided up into 12 books. The verse is English heroic without rhyme, as that of Homer in Greek, and of Virgil in Latin. (Knopf, 1996)
"This neglect then of rhyme so little is to be taken for a defect, though it may seem so perhaps to vulgar readers, that it rather is to be esteemed an
example set, the first in English, of ancient liberty recovered to heroic poem from the troublesome and modern bondage of writing." (Knopf, 1996)
Book One proposes the whole subject of the poem of mans disobedience and the loss of the Paradise where God had placed him. The serpent or Satan
is talked about whom is the prime cause of mans fall. Satan who was once at Gods side had revolted and was driven out of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He needs to pass through the gates of hell. They are guarded and shut. He states the purpose of his journey to explore, and after some difficulty he is
allowed to pass through with the help of Chaos who is the power of that place. He is then on his way to the new world that he is seeking.
Book Three is then a prediction of the fall of man. God is sitting on his throne with His Son at His side; they see Satan on his way to the newly
created world. God foretells His Son of how Satan is able to trick man, as man is free to make his own choices. Because of the choices that man
makes, he must die unless someone can be found who will answer to the sins of man, and will then take on the punishment for these sins. The Son of
God then freely offers Himself as the ransom for mankind, and the Father accepts. There is then much celebration in heaven as they now have a plan
to save mankind. Satan arrives: "thence comes to the gate of heaven, described ascending by stairs, and the water above the firmament that flow about
it; his passage thence to the orb of the sun: he finds there Uriel, the regent of that orb, but first changes himself into the shape of a meaner angel, and
pretending a zealous desire to behold the new creation, and man whom God had placed here, inquires him the place of his habitation, and is directed:
alights first on Mount Niphates."(Simmons, 1996)
In Book Four Satan is now in the Garden of Eden, where he at

The Multivisions of Multiculturalism Essay
The Multivisions of Multiculturalism
ABSTRACT: The questions suggested by the term "multiculturalism" range far and wide, embracing: questions of inclusion; questions of criteria;
questions of self–identity; and questions of the meaning of multiculturalism. In this essay I provide a framework: (i) that allows us to begin a discussion
that might answer such questions; (ii) that illuminates why it is that such a modest aim is the most we can hope for at this time; and (iii) that provides
an understanding of what we can do in a multicultural world in order to illuminate what we should do. This framework will reject both the idea of
toleration as found in Berlin's conception of human choice and will speak of as maximal multiculturalism, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This framework will prove to parallel a classic Hobbesianism, a universally undesirable result that will, paradoxically, provide further direction and
reason for hope.
1. One immediate response by many in the USA to such questions is an appeal to the ideal of tolerance–an ideal that Sir Isaiah Berlin, perhaps more
than any thinker in our time, has defended.
Berlin's central argument for toleration is that belief in the one true view has repeatedly led to disaster: "One belief, more than any other, is
responsible for the slaughter of individuals on the altars of the great historical ideals... This is the belief that somewhere, in the past or in the future, in
divine revelation or the mind of the individual thinker, in the pronouncements of history or science, or in the simple heart of an uncorrupted good man,
there is a final solution."(1) A second argument that Berlin offers for toleration is that we have no right to insist that all be educated in our way, unless
we know that we are pure and good–precisely what we do not and cannot know. As Tolstoy argued, the history of education is a history of tyranny,
where each new school "struck off one yoke only to put another in its place."(2) "But about one thing they were all agreed: that one

Essay On Eve's Apology In Defense Of Women
During the Renaissance, citizens were required to worship the delegated belief making it dangerous to be vocal about your chosen religion. As the
Renaissance faded away to a new period of the Enlightenment between the years 1603 and 1800 religious beliefs were pushed to the forefront once
again. However, this was also the Age of Reason therefore the people of the day did not follow blindly, but wanted everything to be rationally proven.
Society understood there was scientific reason to the world they lived in and they were no longer ruled by Gods will. The thinkers of the time believed
the concept that civilizations could be enhanced through rational thinking and change. An abundance of literary books and essays emerged during this
time.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By giving the apple to Adam Eve merely wanted to give him something she thought was important because she loved him so and he should have
been strong enough to resist. Lanyer writes, "Her fault though great, yet he was most to blame;/What Weakness offered, Strength might have
refused,/Being Lord of all, the greater was his shame:/Although the Serpent's craft had her abused,/God's holy word ought all his actions frame,
/For he was Lord and King of all the earth, /Before poore Eve had either life or breath." (XXXX) This states Adam should have resisted Eve urging
him to eat the apple because of his connection with God. God told Adam he was not to eat the fruit from the tree not Eve. As the first created by
God it was Adam's responsibility to resist Eve and follow God's commandment therefore he bears greater responsibility for the sin. As in Miltons
Areopagitica, Lanyer Eve's Apology in Defense of Women both authors use the bible as the proof they need to make their arguments. In the Age of
Reason when the people demanded scientific proof be given an all cases; Peoples religion, faith and belief in the bible and God was all they needed to
prove a point showing that religion still ran deep in the people of

Of The Closed Triptych Bosch On The Garden Of Earthly...
Christ bursts into the tax collection office and impels Matthew to follow him. Matthew, who holds his right hand to his chest and has a star, will
become one of his most faithful disciples, and author of one of the Gospels. The work has a great environmental value and among its characters
appears the painter, who had been a slave of VelГЎzquez. We see him on the left, looking proudly at the spectator and holding a paper with his
signature on his right hand. The Garden of Earthly Delights (Bosch) The Garden of Delights is a complex creation by Bach. In the closed triptych
Bosch reproduced the third day of the Creation of the world, when the waters of the earth separated and the earthly Paradise was created. Above, to the
left, God the Father... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are six concerts that were accompanied by a letter from Bach, dated March 24, 1721, addressed to the Margrave in which he asks for a job.
The Palace of Versailles (Arquitecture) The French king Louis fourteen built the Palace of Versailles to keep his nobles and his government officials
under his control. Versailles became the European symbol of absolutism. The palace is located about 18 kilometers southwest of Paris. Originally it
was a small hunting lodge of the royal family, which Luis fourteen transformed into the golden cage. Galileo (Scientist) Galileo was the pioneer of the
experimental scientific method and the first to use a telescope, with which he made important astronomical discoveries. Galileo learned about the
invention of the telescope in Holland, and proposed an improvement of the model, with which he made a series of discoveries such as the moons of
the planet Jupiter and the phases of Venus, similar to those observed on the

John Milton's Paradise Lost
John Milton's famous poem Paradise Lost has influenced society throughout the ages on a number of topics ranging from the fall of Satan to the
marriage roles that Adam and Eve teach us. One idea stands alone though more so than that of any other topic that Milton writes about and that is the
idea of a Satanic Trinity. The Satanic Trinity shows how the evil of Hell spread to Earth and how it tempts us in our everyday life. Milton writes about
the Satanic Trinity because he believes that one must understand the evil that comes out of the Satanic Trinity before one can fully appreciate and
embrace the good that comes out of the Holy Trinity.John Milton is considered one of the greatest English poets of all time. "Milton's career as a
writer of prose and poetry spans three distinct eras: Stuart England; the Civil War (1642–1648) and Interregnum, including the Commonwealth
(1649–1653) and Protectorate (1654–1660); and the Restoration" (Albert C. Labriola par .1). Milton "was born at 6:30 in the morning on 9 December
1608. His parents were John Milton, Sr., and Sara Jeffrey Milton, and the place of birth was the family home, marked with the sign of the spread
eagle, on Bread Street, London" (Labriola par .6). Milton was one three children the "other children of John and Sara who survived infancy included
Anne, their oldest child, and Christopher, seven years younger than John. At least three others died shortly after birth, in infancy or in early childhood"
(Labriola par .6).

Censorship : The British Licensing Order Banned Any...
Areopagitica serves as political tract in which Milton condemns The British Licensing Order. The British Licensing Order banned any publication not
approved by the censor. In Areopagitica, Milton publicly denounces the censorship the reformed Parliament has declared. Through his political tract,
Milton fervently argues that censorship limits individuals in intellectual capacity and that divine obligation requires the obliteration of censorship.
Milton disputes that within a Christian ethical system, censorship restricts man from achieving spiritual growth. Additionally, Milton claims that no
one has the right to censor, as God did not censor Adam. For example, on page 1010 Milton writes, ""many there be that complain of divin Providence
for suffering Adam to trangresse, foolish tongues! when God gave him reason, he gave him freedom to choose...". If God did not censor Adam, God
does not grant the right to censor to anyone, not even himself. Therefore, the British Parliament denied their religious duties by censoring public
information to fit the political ambitions. Milton contends that censorship is a crime to humanity and God. Additionally, Milton argues that censorship
prevents the public from achieving spiritual growth. Milton asserts, "For God sure esteems the growth and compleating of one vertuous person, more
then the restraint of ten vitious." (1010). When the British Parliament declared censorship, they denied the right of every man to spiritually develop.
Not only

John Milton Demand The Freedom Of The Press
In Areopagitica John Milton demand the freedom of the press, actually the freedom of the author. He made the following demand: "Give me the
liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties." This issue was personal for Milton, as he had suffered
censorship himself in his efforts to publish several tracts defending divorce. Areopagitica is full of divine and classical references which Milton uses to
strengthen his argument. This is particularly fitting because it was being addressed to the Calvinist Presbyterians who comprised Parliament at that
time. The Areopagitica was an attack directed against the Licensing Order Act of 1643, which demanded that an author 's work be approved by the
government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He resisted this incorporates even the "awful" or blasphemous books, since we can earn from their wrongs and find what is valid by considering what
is not valid. Milton 's point is that God supplied each individual with the reason, through and through freedom, and inner voice to judge thoughts for
themselves, so the thoughts in a content ought to be dismissed by the author's own decision, not by a permitting expert. Additionally, the soul is not
defiled just by experiencing deception. Milton brings up that experiencing deception can really prompt righteous activity, for example, how St. Paul 's
believers had secretly and intentionally consumed Ephesian books thought to be "magick". Milton at that point contends that Parliament 's authorizing
request will flop in its motivation to smother shameful, dissident, and derogatory books: "this request of permitting conduces nothing to the end for
which it was fram 'd". The request was intended to redress conduct by keeping the spread of a "disease" caused by terrible books. Milton objects,
contending that the authorizing request is excessively clearing, on the grounds that even the Bible itself had been verifiably restricted to perusers for
containing hostile portrayals of disrespect and evil men. Milton additionally calls attention to that Parliament won 't shield the oblivious from terrible
books by this Order, on the

Persuasive Essay: Why People Don T Burn Books
"People don't burn books simply because they disagree with the message of the books, they burn book because the message of the books is a threat – a
serious threat, in fact, not something remote and theoretical" (Cline). I believe that this quote does a good job of explaining the major reason as to
why books are burned. I agree with the fact that people burn books because they believe the literature poses a serious threat to society, not just
because they personally disagree with the message. In most cases the people burn the books because they believe that the messages and ideas
portrayed in the literature could have a negative impact on the members of society, especially the youth. A popular example of this is the Harry Potter
series. Austin Cline also wrote, "Books are merely the means by which a message is communicated; eliminating them may slow the growth of the
message, but it certainly can't eliminate the message itself." I strongly agree with this belief because destroying books can never truly stop the growth
and spread of a message.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I do believe that books are not absolutely dead things and that they can possess the power to really connect with the reader and cause that reader to
feel something. For example, when was the last time you read a piece of literature and really connected with the situation or the characters or read
something else that caused you to change the way you do something or live. This is precisely one of the reasons that people burn books. They are so
scared of what could happen if the ideas presented in the book reach other members of the society that they decide to get rid of them in a harsh and
symbolic way: burning

Effects Of The Printing Press
European Renaissance The printing press drastically improved the advancement of the sciences, spreading the information far and wide. It was indeed a
product of the Renaissance, and being such, "the press served the interests of humanists by making available many ancient Greco–Roman classics, such
as the works of Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and Virgil, previously rare or unavailable in western Christendom." The humanistic ideals of the
Renaissance were printed and spread across Europe, "fostering a new spirit of artistic independence." This resurgence of the classics in print form led
to new classics to be written and printed, for example, "in England, the Renaissance plays of William Shakespeare were published at the time of their ...
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The printing press not only influenced the Renaissance, but it also influenced the Age of Enlightenment, which is a direct transition of the ideas of the
Renaissance, but were used to challenge the Church.
Age of Enlightenment The impact of the printing press on science and technology was tremendous. Before the press, scientists had worked in relative
isolation. With the printing press came the publishing of their results, which accelerated the rate of scientific discovery.
Many of these advances directly impacted the quality of life for large groups of people through improved medicine, domestic and agricultural
technology, and transportation. The birth of the modern scientific revolution can be directly linked to early printed works by Nicolaus Copernicus,
Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton, with his Principia (1687) as the crowning achievement of this early phase.
Printing books provided a means that scientists could use to record, arrange, and preserve the knowledge they'd been studying. Now, scientists could
join their research and ideas with their predecessors, which would further advance their own.
In many ways, the social impact of Gutenberg's printing press culminated with the Enlightenment–it changed the way Europeans communicated. The
printing press "made it possible to bypass the confusion engendered by linguistic

Telling It Like It Is Essay
Telling It Like It Is
"My country, right or wrong," is a thing that no patriot would think of saying except in a desperate case. It is like saying, "My mother, drunk or
sober."–G. K. Chesterton, The Defendant
These are indeed desperate times.
On September 11, 2001, America witnessed the worst act of terrorism in U.S. history. Grief–stricken, angry, and shocked, people from all over America
came together in the face of tragedy and solidly affirmed their pride in the U.S.A. The outpouring of patriotism that resulted from this tragedy was
astonishing. Our country came together: specific agendas were swept aside in favor of partisanship and overwhelming support for our leaders, for our
institutions, for our democracy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example: in the immediate wake of September 11th, White House press secretary Ari Fleischer requested that the press limit its details on
Presidential security and U.S. intelligence. He asked the media to refrain from printing "advance notice of the president's schedule...and... how U.S.
intelligence gets its info, like saying it came from phone intercepts or satellites." He also asked that they not take any pictures of White House security.
The media largely agreed, in part because the request seemed reasonable, and in part because of the patriotic fever sweeping the nation. One news
journalist, justifying the sensibility in restricting information, commented "Nobody wants to see the president hurt."1
Historically, First Amendment rights have been highly disputed in cases of national security. In 1971, the right to publish disputed information was
affirmed in the landmark Pentagon Papers case. A former Defense Department employee, Daniel Ellsberg, stole a copy of a document entitled "History
of U.S. Decision Making Process on Vietnam Policy," better known as the Pentagon Papers. The documents "contained evidence on the military's
bungled handling of the Vietnam War". Ellsberg leaked the copy to the New York Times and the Washington Post, and the Times began printing
articles referring to the papers. The Nixon administration quickly ordered the Times to cease printing, arguing that publishing

Boundaries Of Freedom Of Speech
Are there boundaries of freedom of speech and expression? If free speech is provocative, should there be limits? Freedom of Speech means, broadly,
that you are welcome to express any opinion without being punished for having done so. Freedom of the Press respects the right to publish and
distribute factual information and opinion. Again, this can come in many forms; newspapers, TV, social media, etc.Freedom of Speech is about what
you can say; Freedom of the Press is about to whom you can say it. In both cases, as long as people are not making up lies, it is explicit that the
government may not restrict you. Freedom of speech is the freedom to listen to others also, is necessary for a democratic government. The Supreme
Court of the United States has referred to Areopagitica, in interpreting the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, to ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Just being an unbiased person and listening to what others say just either agree or disagree, you do not have to agree with what these people are
saying, but just taking it in, critisizing and educating yourself about what other opinions there are out there is important. I might not believe in what
people are saying but I will defend their right to say. In a truly free and open society, people have the right to say pretty much whatever they want to
say as long as they are not directly harming others. Free speech is more than just a legal philosophical or political term, it is a princibled way of life.
There's a difference from being skeptical and outright denying a fact. We see this especially in Europe where sensitivity–based censorship attempts to
ban deemed hateful or even just hurtful, and to ban criticisim of

How Does Milton Define The Conception Of Truth?
There are books, movies and other media forms that are deemed "immoral" or inappropriate to see. Thus, leading many to believe that by being exposed
to this, it will corrupt others leading to actions that are wrong. This censorship, however, creates an abundance of arguments against it. Such argument
is From Areopagitica, where Milton is arguing that the conception of truth and censorship is connected by reason. Milton defines the conception of
truth. He explains that if every person uses reason, then society will reach the one ultimate truth and common truth. However, this is a long progress,
therefore in the meantime, one must employ the function of knowledge and conscious. He furthers his argument by stating that books are a source of
truth. That by reading, it will better the person and that it is ennobling. By reading pure material, it provides examples to follow and employ in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, this will provide opportunities to learn and to perfect the world and themselves. Thus, due to the censorship in impacts a person's learning and
their exercise of choice and reason. By not exercising reason and truth, the ultimate truth and common truth will not be met, which is problematic.
Milton explains that reason is but choosing, that virtue is choosing rightly. One must not censor the temptations or pleasures deemed inappropriate,
rather each person is given the power to choose. He strengthens his argument by providing biblical examples, such as Adam and Eve. This is
demonstrated in, "When God gave him reason, he gave him freedom to choose, for reason is but choosing" (Milton, pg. 789). God provides Adam and
Eve with the forbidden fruit, the temptation is present, but they are given the choice to ignore and avoid it. Thus linking the connection between truth
and censorship; censorship is not needed, rather choosing and reason provides truth and

The First Amendment Essay
America has been built on freedom throughout the years. Freedom to speak, freedom to choose, freedom to worship, and freedom to do just about
anything you want within that of the law. America's law has been designed to protect and preserve these freedoms. The First Amendment guarantees
freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It assures citizens that the federal government shall not restrict freedom of worship. It
specifically prohibits Congress from establishing an official, government supported church. Under The First Amendment, the federal government
cannot require citizens to pay taxes to support a certain church, nor can people be prohibited from worshipping in any way they see fit. However, if a
certain religion... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wrote up the Constitution's Bill of Rights. The United States Constitution has a preamble, 27 amendments, and
7 articles. It is a unique document because it is capable of being changed by the people and reflecting the opinions of them and of which the time they
lived. John Locke believed that everyone had a series of God–given rights–a natural moral law, and people gave rights to the government when it came
to how they should be ruled. Locke is responsible for some of the most influential writings on liberty. His writings helped influence Thomas Paine's
ideas about revolution. James Madison, one of the writers of the bill of rights, was influenced greatly by Locke, and the French philosopher
Voltaire called him "the man of great wisdom." John Milton believed in the marketplace of ideas theory. This theory stated that all ideas should be
allowed to be dispersed into the public marketplace. After that, these ideas would be weighed individually and then the best ideas would be debated
and the outcome would be the truth. This would allow for the public to be able to be involved and decide what ideas would best work for the people
at that time. This marketplace of ideas theory was all about the people having a say in what they thought was right for them. In 1644, John Milton
spoke about these most compelling arguments on the freedom of press in his book "Areopagitica."John Stuart Mill

Contributions And Cons Of John Milton, Areopagitica...
The submissions for this assignment are posts in the assignment's discussion. Below are the discussion posts for Gracie Lynn Buswell, or you can view
the full discussion.
from Module 7, John Milton, Areopagitica Assignment
Nov 16, 2017 7:21pm
Click to change profile picture for Gracie Lynn Buswell
In 1644 john Milton was attempting to preserve the books which were being destroyed through censorship. He even said, "He who destroys a good
book, kills reason itself" I agree with him.
The Government was pretty much censoring whatever they wanted and even arresting people who didn't follow it exactly. And the Government was
even invading people's privacy to check their books and burning the books that weren't censored. John Milton, a writer himself, decided to take a
stand on what he believed was right and wrote an essay on his beliefs, along with proofs to back himself up.
Milton was definitely against Censorship. I think he wanted to preserve the books and the ideas of the people who wrote them. I also believe he
wanted to see the book the way the person who wrote it wished it to be seen. People's names were even being censored out of the books.
"...books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are; nay, they
do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them. I know they are as lively, and as vigorously productive,
as those fabulous

Structural Significance Of The Fall In John Milton's...
Final Milton Paper on the Structural Significance of the Fall
The introduction should brief characterize PL... and set up argument elegantly.
Though Milton details Adam and Eve's falls separately, the fall in Paradise Lost is not two separate falls, but one because Adam and Eve are not
independent of each other. Rather Milton has them fall physically apart to emphasize how connected they are, and in doing so, through the fall, he
solidifies Eve as a symbol of liberty and Adam as a symbol of reason, thus making significant comments on the relationship between and the
significance of the relationship between reason and liberty. In totality, through the structural significance of the fall, Milton is not only able to justify
the ways of God to man, as stated in his thesis for Paradise Lost, but is able to justify the ways of man, legitimizing some of his major assertions in his
prose works such as Second Defense of the English People, Areopagitica, and The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates.
Analyszing their individual falls revelas that Milton uses the falls to solidfy Eve as a symbol of liberty and Adam as a symbol of reason. Thoughout
the epic, Adam is portrayed as a symbol of reason through his rational disposition. In Areopagitica,John Milton's address to the English Parliament of
censorship, he states "Many there be that accuse divine accusation for suffering Adam to transgress. Foolish tongues! when he gave him reason he gave
him the freedom to choose, for reason is but

Loss Of Innocence In The Handmaid's Tale
Coming into college I had an established belief system. I had asked myself extremely tough questions about life, the purpose of humanity, etc.; and
because I am completely aware that I have blind spots I invited others to ask me tough questions as well. My innate desire to unveil truth was
executed in a manner similar to the technique that John Milton advocates for in his novel Areopagitica, in regard to purity being a product of trial. I
have always established my convictions on the basis of my beliefs being able to withstand trials, because truth can be put on trial repeatedly, but if it is
really "true" there will always be a verdict of innocence. This court metaphor alludes to truth always being true, because if it is really truth there ...
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Offred's character revealed an interesting part of the human situation, and that is that we possess a desire for some sense of stability and comfort
in our situation regardless of if it is a large amount or small. In the midst of Offred's unfortunate situation it becomes evident that her transition
from her previous life to her current situation has included a loss of freedom and power. Her lack of control and her awareness of it is evident,
and we see that her response to this is striving to find control, power, and stability in anything that she can. The reader gets a glimpse of this when
Offred admits to feeling empowered by acquiring the sympathy of the commander and taunting the guards with her hips; she also finds comfort and
a sense of stability in her relationship with Nick. Offred's behavior reveals an intimate human quality and that is the desire to have a form of control
over our lives and decisions, even when that is not necessarily the case. For example if a child has to go stay two weeks in Wisconsin with family
members they do not like and they don't have a choice. The child would be upset, but a way to ease the anger would be to give them the opportunity to
choose their form of transportation–train, plane, car, etc. This makes them feel a little better because they are getting to control something, yet it
doesn't change the fact that they are still required to go to Wisconsin and they have no control in that. Sometimes when we are faced with a situation
where we really have no choice, if we can find a way to trick ourselves into thinking we do have a choice our situation becomes more bearable. This is
a result of us believing that we have some form of control, and this concept is present in Offred's character throughout the Handmaid's Taleand it also
reveals a human quality that

Nefertiti Monotheism
The idea of monotheism, free speech, and new views on religion, politics, and gender all come from people of Western Civilization. Specifically two
individuals of completely different eras. The first individual is Nefertiti, a queen from Ancient Egypt during a time when polytheism was at its
strongest. The second individual is John Milton, a famous poet mainly known for Paradise Lost from the European Renaissance. Nefertiti, "the perfect
woman has come" (McKay, Hill and Buckler 18), used her position as queen of Egypt to spread the monotheistic idea throughout Egypt and to unveil
equality between men and women during the 1300s BCE. Nefertiti and Akhenaten, her husband, began believing in one god Aton (Aten) using their
status to spread the sun god's word along Egypt and Akhenaten would parade equality between king and queen. John Milton used his poetry to express
his feelings about free speech towards religion, politics, and gender. His poem Paradise Lost displayed how humans are destined to fail and have
flaws which is accepted in society today. The beginning of Nefertiti's life is quiet unknown and jumbled together. Many pieces are missing and some
information is gathered using guessing. Her life is thought to begin in 1370 BCE in Egypt as a nonroyal, "she was a commoner whose ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the reign of Nefertiti and Akhenaten there was monotheism and polytheism. These royals believed in the cult while other citizens still believed
in Amun–Re and other Egyptian gods. It was one of the first religions to have one god and not multiple. Nefertiti's reign also proved to the world that
women were just as equal as men where. He husband would let her participate in rituals normally done by man and she was often seen by Akhenaten's
side at events instead of behind him. She even is seen as the brains to the start of the cult of Aten. Known to have more involvement with the religion
than her

Importance Of Freedom Of Speech
Freedom of speech is actually very relevant in the society which began in 1930. It gives people the right to show their feelings and let them express
what they believe. It also saves a lot of people's lives by giving a clear appeal to emotion of different people. It allows an individual to express
themselves through publication and circulation. Benjamin Franklin states, "Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom – and
no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech". This quote is saying if you can't think freely about what exactly is on your mind and have
wisdom; there could not be any public liberty without freedom of speech. Having freedom of speech can bring peace, expedite confusion, and open
minds.
Freedom of speech has become a miraculous problem throughout the world and it is time to draw the line. Neil Gaiman states,"Freedom of
speech gives you the right to stay silent." however; In the case cohen vs. california paul cohen a 19 year old male wore "f*** the draft. Stop the
war" and was arrested for 30 days. In this case he was not wrong for doing so because of the fact he did not publicly offend anyone. John Milton,
Areopagitica once quoted, "Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties." This quote is
stating that no matter how you talk or what you talk about, you should be able to state your own opinion regardless of the situation. In the work this
is when milton discusses the consequences that were given because of the emblem that was shown. This evidence shows that he obviously cares
about the American people and their lives. I think that this evidence is important because this shows that influential people worry about where
American society is heading. In connection to my thesis the outcome of the evidence shows that freedom of speech is relevant because there has
been a variety of court cases that has negatively affected the world's population minds as a whole. Freedom of speech is something that is given to
every person. No matter rich or poor, young or old, every person has different opinion and it's their right to express it. The definition of Freedom of
speech is that every person has the right to

Paradise Lost Satire Essay
Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained as Epics of Political Satire under the Guise of Spiritual Epics: A Critical Inquiry
Abstract
The paper points out the intention of 'Satire' and inquires into the biographical, historical, sociological, religious, economic, political and literary
contexts of John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667) and Paradise Regained (1671). It underscores the poignant example of John Dryden's verse satire,
Absalom and Achitophel (1681), which is modelled on John Milton's political epics. It also traces the biographical, historical, sociological, religious,
economic, political and literary reasons for the outbreak of the English civil war. Thus, it points out the mutual bond that exists between society and
literature, and renders a historical reading of the literary works taken for analysis by exploring the possible purposes with which these texts have been
written and the ways in which the meanings of these texts have changed over time owing to multiple interpretations.
Keywords: Satire, Biographical approach, Historical approach, Sociological approach, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saul is the first human king of Israel chosen by God. "When Samuel saw Saul, the Lord told him, "Here is the man of whom I spoke to you! He it is
who shall rule over my people" (1 Samuel 9:17).
2. In the New Testament, St. Peter commands all Christians,
Be subject for the Lord's sake to every human institution, whether it be to the emperor as supreme, or to governors as sent by him to punish those
who do wrong and to praise those who do right. ... Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the emperor. (1 Peter 2:13–14, 17)
3. St. Paul reiterates St. Peter's claim that subjects should be obedient to the rulers because they are appointed by

John Milton : A Strong Advocate Of Political Liberty Essay
A strong advocate of political liberty, John Milton was a poet during the Renaissance (Puchner 2742). He was born on December 9, 1608 in London
to a middle class family. His parents were John Milton, Sr., a professional composer, and his mother, Sara Jeffery. Milton had numerous siblings. He
was only survived by three of them; however, some of them died at young ages. During Milton's writing years, he wrote many pamphlets based on
political, religious, populism, and educational topics. However, Milton's main focus, though, was religious topics and the Bible which is evident
through his well–known publication, Paradise Lost. John Milton's career started with his education. Thomas Young, one of his tutors, inspired two of
Milton's letters ("John Milton", Poetry Foundation). His other tutors included William Chapell and Nathaniel Tovey ("Life of John Milton"). In the
1620's, he went to St. Paul's school and once he reached the age of sixteen, he started college at Christ's College in Cambridge. While studying in
Cambridge, he was aiming for a degree in ministry. However, this plan changed as his satisfaction with the Church of England went downhill. Milton
decided to reside with his father where he continued his studies, but drifted along the lines of a more science, mathematics, and poetry based
curriculum (Puchner 2742). One division of Milton's life that is important to understand his title as a poet is his travels around the continent. In the
1630's, he took a trip to

How Does Peaceful Resistance Affect Society
Peaceful Resistance Provides A Positive Impact
When a law is believed to be unfair, some people express their opposition to the law peacefully. An effective way to voice one's opinion is through
peaceful resistance or protest, which is protected under the first amendment. Many of the rights protected by the amendments were enacted because of
peaceful resistance. Peaceful resistance, or protesting without using violence, is a positive way for people to voice their opinions and influence
society. Peaceful resistance to laws impacts a free society in a more positive way than violent resistance, proven by James Otis and John Milton.
In February 1761, James Otis represented the merchants of Boston and delivered a speech explaining how the Writs of Assistance violated the natural
rights of the colonists, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Otis resisted random searches of private property, now protected by the Fourth Amendment. John Milton is responsible for the freedoms held by
citizens, now protected by the First Amendment. However, while this is evidence that peaceful resistance leaves a lasting impact on the law, the
American Revolution provided many occasions when violent resistance was seen as effective. In Massachusetts, the only barracks available for use, on
the mainland, did not provide enough room for the British soldiers to be sheltered in public buildings, and, therefore, they were housed in public tents
in Boston (History.com Staff). British soldiers became annoyed with the patriotic colonists after living closely with them and began to fight and brawl
with local Boston citizens (U–S–History.com. "Quartering..."). The British soldiers became involved in the Boston Massacre and were responsible for
killing five citizens (History.com Staff). This violent approach provided an effective means ofprotest, that reminded the Forefathers of the
contradictions of the Quartering

A Jewish Reading of Milton Essay
A Jewish Reading of Milton
John Milton produced some of the most memorable Christian texts in English literature. Central pieces of Milton's work, including Paradise Lost and
Samson Agonistes, specifically allude to stories that Judaism and Christianity hold in common. Historically, the anti–monarchical regime Milton
supported, under the leadership of Cromwell, informally allowed Jews back into England in 1655 after Edward I exiled them in 1290 (Trepp 151).
Additionally, seventeenth–century British Christians looked increasingly to Jewish texts to understand their own religion (e.g. Robert Ainsworth and
John Seldon), with Hebraic studies from German scholarship and Latin translations of Jewish texts entering during the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Werman concludes from various linguistic inaccuracies in Milton's work that he used the Greek or newly available Latin translations of all Jewish
sources except actual Hebrew Scripture and its Targum, the Aramaic translation (Werman 30
–33). While she concurs with Rosenblatt that halakhic
(legal) information came from fellow Christian Hebraist John Selden, she argues that Milton received aggadic midrash (non–legal commentary and
extra–biblical legends) from Jewish authors (6). Werman also marshals considerable evidence of Milton's sharp selectivity with sources. He preferred
Josephus and Philo while dismissing Talmudic midrashim as Pharisaic fables (38–39). Werman even claims that Milton's acceptance of a particular
commentary depended less on its content and more on the source from which it came, citing examples of Talmudic midrash that Milton accepted
because they were explained in Josephus (39). My topic primarily concerns Milton's incorporation of Jewish subject matter into his own work, not with
the linguistic or physical availability of Hebrew/Aramaic texts, and since Milton's secondary sources usually provide reliable information, I do not
address the source debate unless problems do arise.
Before exploring Milton's respect for Jewish commentary, however, readers should also appreciate the limits of this respect within its religious
contexts. Some Miltonic agreement with Judaism

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