The Causal Factors Associated With The Disease Essay

The Causal Factors Associated With The Disease Essay
Introduction:
Schizophrenia, left untreated can be a life threatening condition, however as developments continue
treatments become more effective, the number of people leading successful lives with the condition
are increasing. The more researchers begin to understand the underlying causes the more they can
develop a treatment protocol that allows for minimal disruption to one's life.
The causal factors associated with the disorder
This disease like other diseases do not have a specific reason to develop, the causes still unknown
but the researchers found possible explanations of this disease. There are an "epidemiological
studies that place in sorting out the environmental and social factors that increase schizophrenia risk,
including urban birth, migrant status, prenatal factor and others" (WebMD, 2016). The genetic
factors are a part essential in the developing not only of Schizophrenia, others disease can be
developed by this factor. "Mutations or genetic changes can increase the chances to develop a
mental illness" (WebMD, 2016). The researchers found that "if a parent, brother or sister have the
condition then the chances increase up to ten percent, and if both parents have it, then the chances
go to forty percent" (WebMD, 2016). In the environmental factors the "malnutrition of the mother at
pregnancy or being exposed to viral infections before born can increase the chances to develop it
(WebMD, 2016). The brain in the person with schizophrenia is different not only
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What Is Organizational Culture And Discuss Factors...
"Culture of the organization is its success"
The following essay examines the meaning of organizational culture and discuss factors associated
with understanding an organization 's culture, with examples presented to show my discussion
points. This essay will therefore discuss some of the main reasons why it is important for
organisation and when it should be changed.
In the era of globalization, exploring and understand the culture and behavior of the organization
have become very important, as it is composed of people of different race, color and culture.
Organizational behavior culture largely determines the interaction of people in the organization and
analysis of individual group performance which contributes to a better understanding, prediction and
improvisation in a workplace that leads to improved performance.
Employees are the foundation of the organization and their responses to other people and
circumstances different as per values and the principles that people follow in their lives. Every
person develops certain characteristics or attitude based on certain criteria or values which is unique
and which are essential elements of their relationships with other people and define the personality
of the person.
The personality traits of a person are really important factors that have considerable influence on the
organizational culture and collective targets of the organization.
Firstly, organization is a group of people whose activities are deliberately

SWOT Associated Press
BERKELEY COLLEGE
SWOT Analysis
Professor Salzer
BUS292
6/9/2010
Table of Contents
Introduction:
The Associated Press (AP) is an American news agency that was established in 1846 by five daily
newspapers from New York City. They established the cooperation in order to deliver news about
the Mexican War faster than the U.S. Post Office could. The known founder was Moses Yale Beach
and the first CEO, named Alexander Jones, came to power in 1848. Today the company is run by
Tom Curley who has been the active CEO since 2003. Curley is stationed in the AP headquarters
located in New York City. The AP is, just like it always has been, a not–for–profit cooperation now
owned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the establishments of the company and forward it has been these people who have been
traveling all over the world, risking their lives in order to gather the breaking news that AP is so
famous for. These men and woman are the reason that AP has been able to be the first to deliver the
breaking news from many of the most important historical events happening to mankind. From the
bombing of Pearl Harbor and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln to the death of Pope John Paul
II and the fall of the shah of Iran the Associated Press's reporters has been there to break the news
before anyone else. The Associated Press has won 49 Pulitzer Prizes in both writing and
photography which gives another great example of what an amazing strength their reporters are to
the company. The trustworthiness among these reporters and photographers are once again proven.
When discussing human capital there is another branch that is contributing to the strengths of the
company and that are the people that deal with the corporate part of the company. Even if the
reporters and photographers are doing an amazing job creating a brand image for the company it
could not be one without the people running it. One example is the people in the Research and
Development department who are always ahead of their time creating new and innovative ideas for
the company. One example of this is the Stylebook a guidebook for journalists, reporters, and
photographers all over the world.

Risk Factors Associated With Opioid Use (CITE)
Introduction Dysphoria, formication, anxiety, depression, insomnia and inability to focus on tasks
are just some of the many symptoms associated with withdrawing from opiates. Opiates, originally
derived from opium plants, have been used medicinally as early as 3400 B.C. Presently, opioids are
used to relive pain as they have been shown to aid in decreasing the severity of pain signals moving
to the brain. However, long term usage can lead to psychological dependence and neurological
changes in the body (Pregolizzi, 2012; Jamison, Butler, Budman, Edwards & Wasan, 2010). As of
2013 opioids were one of the most commonly abused drug in America, second only to marijuana.
There have were approximately 1,244,872 emergency department visits related ... Show more
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The Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) specifically identifies whether or not an individual has a family history
of substance use, personal history of substance use or a psychological disorder. A second assessment
is The Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain–Revised (SOAPP–R), this tool is
typically self administered and consists of 24 questions. The SOAPP–R was designed to identify
aberrant medication–related behaviors (Lakha, Louffat, Nicholson, Deshpande & Mailis–Gagnon,
2014). Finally, The Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM), a 17 question inventory, was also
designed to measure the likelihood that the patient will misuse their prescribed medication. The
SOAPP–R and the COMM were both designed to take an individual's pain scale into consideration
during the assessment (Jamison, Serrailler & Michna,

Shepard Fairey, The Artist Behind The Barack Obama...
Shepard Fairey, the artist behind the Barack Obama presidential election "Hope" poster, chose a
photograph as an aid to achieving an ideal pose, that was taken by an Associated Press, AP,
photographer, Mannie Garcia. This led to a controversy as Fairey used an image he did not own for
his personal artwork. This leads to the question of whether illustrators and artists should be allowed
to use photographs under the copyright "Fair Use" clause without having to ask permission or pay
royalties to the original artist or copyright holder.
Shepard Fairey is an American contemporary graphic designer, street artist, illustrator and founder
of the OBEY Clothing company. In 1988 he graduated from Idyllwild Arts Academy in Palm
Springs, California. Fairey realized his interest in art while working at a skateboard shop where he
proceeded to post his homemade stickers. From there, he moved into the street art culture and
graffiti movement where he became interested in stencils. While receiving his Bachelor of Fine Arts
at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISDI), Fairey became known for his "Andre the Giant Has a
Posse" sticker campaign for OBEY. However, his fame sprouted during the 2008 U.S. presidential
election when he created Barack Obama's "Hope" poster, which sparked controversy. Some of his
other works which combine elements of graffiti, pop art, business art, and Marxist Theory have been
shown at The Smithsonian, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art in

Risks Associated With Pregnancy Risk Factors
Pregnancy Risk Factors – Vital Information About Risk Factors Which Present Prior To Pregnancy
By Rebecca Sophia Meade | Submitted On October 08, 2012
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Expert Author Rebecca Sophia Meade
Unlike other endeavours, pregnancy is a process that takes a lot of uncertainties. From the moment
pregnancy is planned until the baby is born, mothers and doctors only have to hope that everything
will turn out just fine. But of course, there are ways on how to mitigate the risks associated with
pregnancy. Recent scientific researches have been of great help in reducing the health risks
associated with the mother and the baby. So what are the risk factors present even before
pregnancy?
Age
Women who get pregnant at the age of 15 or less are at a greater risk for preeclampsia, a condition
characterized by high levels of blood pressure which normally develops during pregnancy. These
women are also susceptible to anaemia and preterm delivery. Babies born to women under the age
of 15 are usually anaemic and underweight.
On the other hand, women who are over 35 years of age are also at a greater risk for gestational
diabetes, high blood pressure, stillbirth and

Company Description Of Ezteeth
2. Company Description Our company has been named as 'Ezteeth' which is majoring in the health
industry. The word 'Ezteeth' is the combination of the words 'easy' and 'teeth' which literally has the
meaning of bringing convenience and simplicity to the consumers in managing the hygiene of
mouth, especially the teeth. The ownership of Ezteeth is in the form of partnership with five key
partners. The company has recently produced the 'Transparent Braces' and is under development for
new products. Ezteeth has been set up on 1st January 2016 and had its business commenced on the
8th January 2016. The management office of Ezteeth is located at Kepong Village Mall, 3, Jalan
7a/62a, Bandar Sri Menjalara, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2.1 Company History
The health and hygienic levels of the consumers are our major concern which brought up the idea of
starting up a company selling healthcare products, majoring in the care for teeth. We seek to make
the management and maintenance of health and hygiene to be at its most effective, convenient and
simplest way. The products of the company has been registered with the ... Show more content on
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This means that suppliers have the power and advantages on supply their product in higher cost.
This supplier concentration will affect the cost of the product because the suppliers obtain the
advantages. The competition force for bargaining power of suppliers is considered as medium. This
is because suppliers of our product can considered as seldom. Therefore, suppliers have the
advantages and power to sell their material at a higher price. The method to overcome this problem
is to make a contract with suppliers which supply its material at a fixed price. This method is able to
avoid the problem of unstable material price. Besides, it also ensures that our company will get the
material on time due to the

Identifying Factors Associated With Post Traumatic Stress...
A descriptive correlational study by Kamibeppu et al. (2015) aimed to identify factors associated
with post–traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer
survivors (Kamibeppu et al., 2015). A cross–sectional quantitative design guided the study, where
attending physicians recruited 185 subjects among the 12 chosen hospitals in Japan (Kamibeppu et
al., 2015). The researchers developed the questionnaire from those previously used by the
Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), the British CCSS and the After Completion Therapy
Clinic at St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital (Kamibeppu et al., 2015, p. 533). After multiple
regression analysis using the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES–R–J)
scale's total score, the factors that are highly associated with PTSS among the AYA cancer survivors
are family functioning, satisfaction with social support, being female, and interactions between
family functioning, gender, age and time of diagnosis (AGED) (Kamibeppu et al., 2015, p. 539–
541). In conclusion, family functioning is the strongest predictor and helps moderate PTSS among
AYA cancer survivors who have specific risk factors such as being female, older AGED and have
late effects (Kamibeppu et al., 2015). Furthermore, the researchers state that it is critical for nurses
to assess for family functioning routinely to help the AYA population cope better with PTSS
(Kamibeppu et al., 2015). Kwak et al. (2013) conducted a

The Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension Essay
A cohort study (article 1) and case study (article 2) that focused on the risk factors associated with
hypertension were selected to be compared and contrasted. The cohort study was the first article I
was able to read and looked at the relation of several sociodemographic, behavioral, and
biochemical parameters on the number of hypertensions incidence among the group of subjects from
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Ford & Cooper, 1991). The subjects were
separated into four main groups being that of black males (n=231), white males (n=2,370), black
females (n=523) and white females (n=3,949) with a combined subject number of 14,407 (ages 25–
74 years old) with an average follow up of 10 years (Ford & Cooper, 1991). By design various
subgroups of the total number of subjects completed different study components and questionnaires,
which meant that not all of the information was available for each respondent. An example of this
was given by the study, which stated that dietary data available was only available for 11,348
subjects, serum potassium and sodium data for only 3,059 participants, whereas serum magnesium
data were available for all participants (Ford & Cooper, 1991). The study also looked at independent
variables, which included age, income, education, body mass index etc. along with dietary sub–
analysis and continues variables all shown in table 1 (Ford & Cooper, 1991). This study found that
the predictors (body mass index and education) were

Understanding The Risk Factors Associated with Pathogenic...
An advantage of thinking more comprehensively about the pathogenic abnormalities that impair
healing is that one can view existing therapies and procedures in a different light, and with different
justifications. For example, the process of surgical debridement of diabetic foot ulcers becomes
more than simply removing necrotic tissue; at the same time, one is also removing the excessive
bacterial burden and, possibly, the phenotypically abnormal cells that may be present in and around
the wound. Another example is the removal of edema, which is also critical in the management of
diabetic ulcers. Edema removal decreases the chronic wound fluid that has been shown to be
deleterious to resident cells and that may enhance bacterial colonization. Therefore, existing
therapies can be integrated better with pathophysiological principles [68]. The risk factors like
obesity and very high levels of blood glucose were found in our study which contributed to the
formation of chronic wounds along with microvascular complications. The locations of ulcers were
mostly on the lower limbs which can be due to poor hygiene and negligence of the wound treatment
if formed. The patients also revealed the high levels of C reactive protein which can be said that
there is high risk of ischemic foot leisions and amputations and clinical treatment failure in diabetic
foot patients [69].
There was an increased serum creatinine levels in patients with chronic wounds which can be
admitted to

Tax Consequences and Risk Factors Associated with Mining...
TO: ABC Mining Company
FROM: T
DATE: April 14, 2012
RE: Tax consequences and other risk factors associated with mining operations
I. FACTS ABC Mining Company, Inc. is a publically traded, large domestic mining company with
over 500 plants in the United States. ABC owns a tract of land in California upon which it has
conducted a strip mining operation for coal. An unrelated party owns a tract of land adjacent to the
tract of land in California, which is owned by ABC. This land is worth $5 million. The mine is
located near an area that is rapidly growing and is becoming more valuable due to the relocation of
several high–tech companies. Housing developers are anxious to acquire tracts of land in the area to
either build new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IV. ANALYSIS BY OPTION
1. Framework of Authorities, Option 1
a. Statutory Authority
The general rule, IRC § 1001, states that any gain, being any proceeds received in excess of the
property's adjusted basis, from the sale of an asset shall be treated as income and subject to tax. IRC
§ 1011 and IRC § 1012 further clarify the treatment of the gain by further defining an adjusted basis,
defining it as the original cost of the asset net any related capital expenditures. However, the law
does provide an exception whereby any gains from the sale of an asset may be deferred.
This exception, codified in IRC § 1031, allows taxpayers to defer the recognition of gains resulting
from the exchange of one property for another property of similar characteristics. For an exchange
to qualify, IRC § 1031 states the following tests must be met.
Property currently held must be sold
A new property of like kind must be identified within forty five days
The selected property must be purchased within one hundred and eighty days of the sale of the
original property
The property must be held for productive use or investment
b. Treasury Regulations
Treas. Reg. § 1.001–1 concurs with IRC § 1001, stating the gain from the sale of an asset should be
treated as income. It also gives detailed instructions for

Police Body Cameras Should Reduce Police Misconduct
The idea of using the hook and eye method to achieve coherence and connect thoughts between
sentences and paragraphs makes perfect sense. However, I had never put much thought into the
method used to accomplish this. As I poured through articles, looking at the different types of
research methods used, I could not help but notice the hook and eye connections. I also wondered if
they the author was familiar with the hook and eye concept, or if this is a common, natural way of
writing. I also know that I need more time using and identifying the main connections (phrases or
words).
I selected an article about police body cameras. The article cited several studies, as well as the
authors' ideas and thoughts. The article, titled Police Body Cameras, is part of the CATO Institute's
National Police Misconduct Reporting Project, and prepared by Matthew Feeney in 2015. The
theme throughout the article is that the use of body cameras will reduce police misconduct.
Although we all hope this is the case, we must also look at the other issues involved with the
wearing of body cameras. In an effort to gain citizen buy–in and obtain their opinions, they
conducted surveys. Interestingly enough, most people did not want the officers to record them,
unless it was during an enforcement encounter, such as a traffic stop or arrest situation.
In looking at the effects body camera had in relation to police behavior, they cited a study from
Rialto, California. They conducted the study over a

Human Factor And Security Risks Associated With...
Contents
Human Factor and Security risks associated with Information Technologies 1
Introduction 1
Information Security and Types of Human Factor Errors 1
System Security Threats 2
IT–related risk 3
Bibliography 4
Introduction
It is hard to accept that nowadays, organizations get along without having an astute and decisive
information system. Providing a reliable and coherence information system requires a solid security
framework that ensures confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authenticity of the critical
organizational assets. Human factors play a significant role for information security. In particular,
human characteristics behavior impacts information security and ultimately associated risks.
Information Security and Types of Human Factor Errors
"Humans are consistently referred to as the weakest link in security. " (Schneier, 2007) An exclusive
focus on the technical aspects of security, without due consideration of how the human interacts
with the system, is clearly inadequate. This section includes the types of human factor errors that
can lead to security violations. A number of reasons for these errors will also be discussed.
Information security breaches can be categorized in a number of different ways. There are five
different types of human factor errors, which can be used to explain information security breaches.
First, there are acts of omission, in which people forget to perform a necessary action. For

Factors Associated With Corporate Outsourcing
Due to corporations outsourcing a vast majority of jobs are being sent overseas and the American
people are finding it harder and harder to obtain employment. Specifically but not limited to,
Information Technologies, Human Resources, and Call Centers are being relocated to the overseas
markets. Labor cost in the United States is the main reason that corporations are sending jobs to
other countries as well as the corporation will save additional funds by not having the cost of
benefits paid for the employee in the United States. With the availability for corporations to
outsource, they are looking to place a footprint in the overseas market in order to expand their
business globally. The costs associated with corporate outsourcing are ... Show more content on
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There are benefits to the corporation, not the employee, to have the work outsourced. Lower wages
are paid to the outsourced country, benefits do not have to be paid to the employees that are doing
the work internationally. American employees, however, take pride in work that is done in the
United States, it is more beneficial to the corporation to have the work done by employees that care
about the work that is being produced by their corporation.
Another critical piece to having work stay within the United States is that there is not a language
barrier with customers. If a customer calls into a business and it is a foreign country that they speak
with, it is frustrating to the customer when they cannot understand what is being said. This could
create a barrier between the customer and the corporation, to the extreme that the customer may stop
doing business all together with them. Customers want to feel that they are the only ones that the
corporation deals with and that they are a top priority. When businesses are outsourced and a
customer cannot put a finger on the place they are at, it makes them feel less important.
Outsourcing does come with its issues, it lessens the control that they have with how some of or all
of their services are delivered. This could have the potential to damage the corporation's reputation
and the liability within the business. Communication is the

Client Complaints : Diagnosis And Risk Factors Associated...
Client Complaints: The patient complained of crushing chest pain that radiated to his neck and jaw,
short of breath (SOB) with exertion, and diaphoretic that had been going on for four hours that day.
HPI (History of Present Illness): The patient major symptom of chest pain, accompanied by SOB
and diaphoresis prompted him to seek help in the emergency room (ER). He had this similar
symptoms that eased up with rest for the past six months. However, in the past four days the
symptoms became severe and unbearable. The patient returns to the hospital for follow up visit
regarding the stent placement and review of risk factors associated with angina. The patient is still
apprehensive of experiencing another episode of angina. PMH (Past ... Show more content on
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Social/Personal History (occupation, lifestyle–diet, exercise, substance use): The patient is a
licensed carpenter and is the sole provider for his household. He lives with his wife in a small
apartment in an inner city. He admits that he does not get involved in physical activities due to
unsafe neighborhood with high crime rate. He has no hobbies and prefer to read at home. He eats
one large meal a day after work, misses breakfast majority of the times. He admits eating unhealthy
meals for lunch, few serving of fruits and vegetables, and high– calorie food mostly pasta and meat
at home. He does not engage in any street drugs or alcohol intake, however he admits smoking
cigarette one pack per day for the past thirty years. Description of Client's Support System: The
patient lack strong support system. He live with wife who is currently disabled with uncontrolled
type 2 diabetes. Their three grown–up children live in a different area. He lacks community
socialization due to majority of the population living at the poverty level and barely have emotional
or social support since there are no relatives living in their city. Behavioral or Nonverbal Messages:
The patient is the sole bread winner in the family and experiences some nervousness going back to
work due to finances. His self–efficacy is disrupted as he is not sure if he is capable of caring for
himself and his

Factors Associated With A Successful Export Venture Essay
Although Certified Worldwide (CW) has already identified potential markets, there are still several
factors associated with a successful export venture. This memo outlines my thoughts on CW's
product policy, distribution channels, finding new clients, terms of sale and international shipping,
payment methodology, as well as customs and government relations. Product Policy Considerations
International standardization is the best option, since the products sold meet universal needs.
Standardization can reduce costs by streamlining production, which involves fewer "part types",
ordered in larger quantities. Using the same "part types" for all production runs decreases costs, and
buying in bulk often saves money as well. Standardization also reduces setup time, so more time is
going towards producing the product rather than preparing to produce, which in turn improves the
production rate and the company's ability to meet orders faster. Uniform packaging reinforces
product branding, therefore, travelers can easily identify CW's products. However, slight differences
must be incorporated, for example, creating labels in the native language, and using the correct
measurement system (metric vs imperial). Distribution Channel and Finding Clients A direct
marketing plan utilizing the company's pre–established website may be effective in the sale of
supplements and vitamins that consumers can purchase ahead of time, however, it is less efficient in
the sale of over–the–counter

Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Obesity
Obesity is a chronic disease, which is becoming an increasing concern for public health
professionals. In Oregon, obesity contributes to 1,400 deaths each year, which is the second most
preventable cause of death in the state (OHA, n.d.). According to the Center for Disease Control, An
individual is characterized as obese when their body mass index, or BMI, which measures your
height versus your weight, exceeds 30 and an individual is characterized as overweight when their
BMI is 25–29.9. The risk factors associated with obesity include: lifestyle, genetics, diet, physical
activity, and health status. TRANSITION SENTENCE Obesity comes at a cost to taxpayers;
medical costs associated with obesity accounted for $1.6 Billion of Oregon's health ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, that children receive at a
minimum of 60–minutes of cumulative physical activity per day. Many children do not get the
recommended 60 minutes of physical activity per day. Regular physical activity during adolescence
has many beneficial factors including, healthy bones, weight control, and prevention of many
chronic diseases (CDC, 2013). Physical activity can be playing a simple game of tag, or advanced as
an organized sport, as long as it gets the child up, off the couch, and active. Despite this
recommendation, many children fail to receive adequate physical activity. In 2006, only 27.1% of
students in the United States had fulfilled the recommended amount of physical activity (CDC,
2013). In 2012, 56.3% of eighth grade students in Multnomah County "watched TV, or played video
games, or used the Internet for 3 or more hours daily"(OHA, 2012). With an eight hour school day,
three hours of video games, and at least an hour of homework adds up to 12 hours of the day, that
with family time, meals, and "leisure" time, doesn't allocate much time for physical activity. The
lack of physical activity, combined with extremely long periods of sedentary behavior, coupled with
junk food and sugary

The Neurobiological Factors Associated with Depression Essay
The Neurobiological Factors Associated with Depression Depression is a mood disorder that affects
approximately ten percent of men and nearly twenty–five percent of women at least once in their
lifetime (1). There are several types of clinical depression, such as unipolar depression and bipolar
depression. Unipolar depression consists of primarily depressive states while bipolar depression
involves a fluctuation between states of depression and mania (2). Some of the most common
symptoms of depression include excessive feelings of sadness, guilt, or worthlessness, a significant
change in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, energy loss, thoughts or attempts of suicide, and
anhedonia (3), (4). While the symptoms of depression are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While some of the findings from these genetic studies are still preliminary, several investigations
have indicated that the role of certain neurotransmitters, called monoamines, in depression is
immense (7). Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that bind to receptors in order to excite or
inhibit the firing of neurons (6). The Catecholamine Theory of Mood was proposed as a major
explanation for the cause of depression in the 1960s by Joseph Schildkraut (7). Schildkraut
suggested that a deficiency of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine at receptor sites caused
depression while increased levels of norepinephrine caused mania. Some evidence for Schildkraut's
account was established by the success rate of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs, which
block the reuptake of monoamines and facilitate the release of neurotransmitters such as
norepinephrine and serotonin (8). Further evidence has been established by studies that found
decreased norepinephrine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of deceased depressed patients (5). More
recently, drugs have been developed that selectively block the reuptake of norepinephrine by the
presynaptic cell. It has been found in preliminary studies that the level of depression decreases in
these patients, which provides further evidence for the role of norepinephrine in depression. While
empirical support for the Catecholamine Theory of Mood has grown substantially, evidence from
more recent studies highlights the

The Prevalence And Risk Factors Associated With Adolescent...
The majority of the literature reviewed had a similar consensus that the prevalence and risk factors
associated with adolescent depression are a common problem worldwide. In a longitudinal study in
Sweden, Wirback, Moller, Larsson, Galanti, and Engstrom (2014) examined whether multiple
measures of low social status of the family are longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms
in adolescence and whether or not there is a difference among genders. A total of 1880 adolescents
in Sweden, self–reported their depressive symptoms by utilizing a 12–item inventory survey
(Wirback et al., 2014). The study found that there is an increased risk of depression among
adolescents whose parents has low education, were unskilled workers, intermediate non–manual
workers or self–employed, compared to parents with higher education and high non–manual work
(Wirback et al., 2014). There was also an increased (tripled) risk of depression among adolescents
living with only one parent. In regards to gender differences, there was a higher risk for girls whose
parents are low–educated or girls that were living with only one parent are especially vulnerable
(Wirback et al., 2014). Overall, social factors does have a huge impact on the risk of adolescent
depression, thus continued work is needed to reduce inequalities in depressive symptoms.
In another longitudinal study conducted in Korea, Kyoung Shin, Cho, Yun Shin, and Park (2013)
studied early childhood emotional and behavioral risk factors

Risk Factors Associated With Gang Formation:...
But what are the risk factors? Some argue that gang formation is a product of the postindustrial
development. That gangs are a mixture of racism, urban underclass poverty, of minority and youth
culture. And that youth gangs in particular are products of their environment and these factors are
associated with why juveniles join gangs. The following are elements of risk factors associated with
gang membership. That are split up into 5 domains individual and family demographics, personal
attributes, peer–group, school, and the community.
The traditional gang member is a male that lives in the inner city. And is a member of a racial or
ethnic minority. Law enforcement today estimates that more than 90 percent of gang memberships is
a male.

Genetic Factors Associated With Melanoma
Introduction:
The skin is one of the most important organs of the whole human body. It is the largest organ in the
human body and contains various functions including protecting the body from injury and
preventing fluids from leaving or entering the body (Boer et al. 2016). In animals, the skin has
various functions as well. The skin aids with locomotion in bats and aquatic mammals, help
camouflage the body in chameleons, helps with finding mates for deer with their white tail, and
serves for many other purposes. The skin is composed of three layers in the human body: the
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. Melanin is produced from melanocytes in the epidermis
of the skin. Melanin is important for protection from ultra–violet (UV) rays. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The CDKN2A gene is responsible for a majority of melanomal families. The CDKN2A gene is
responsible for 10% of families with two members that have melanoma and is responsible for 30–
40% of families that have three members connected with melanoma. The linkage between the
CDKN2A gene mutation and melanoma was found in 1994. (Aoude et al. 2015). The CDKN2A
gene is located on chromosome 9p21. CDKN2A is used to help create two types of proteins, p16
and p14. Both of these proteins have functions that relate to regulating the cell cycle. They also
function as tumor suppressants in the body. When the p16 and p14 proteins are being produced, they
are transcribed on exons. An exon is a part of the gene that helps to create amino acids through
coding (Exon). The process of transcription involves copying segments of DNA into RNA using
enzymes. p16 and p14 are transcribed on different exons (1α and 1β) and use the same second and
third exon when producing their amino acids. The amino acid created are different between the two
proteins. The mutation of the CDKN2A gene occurs in the 1α exon affects the p16 protein during
the transcription stage. Mutations can also occur in the 1β exon where both the p16 and p14 proteins
would be affected. Affecting one

Factors Associated with Non-Condom Use among Homosexuals
There are several literatures discussing the importance of condoms in prevention of sexually
transmitted diseases; the findings and conclusions of these studies were more or less similar
especially among the young population. The youth represent the cohort with a substantial risk of
acquiring sexually transmitted infection (Bull, S et al, 2012). Although the risk of acquiring such
infections is common among heterosexual couples, male to male sexual behaviour has been
considered as the primary risk factor for STIs, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(Geibel et al, 2010). The behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) and their sexual activities
are well documented in several literatures; however, there has been little ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This review is clustered into two parts. The first group features (A) literatures that contextual
information, including a brief overview of different risky behaviors of young men who have sex
with men (YMSM) and how this increases their chance of acquiring sexually transmitted infections.
The second cluster (B) provides information on the different barriers to condom use – including cost
and availability, religion and taboo and communication barrier.
A. Risky Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who Sex with Men Best
(2001) conducted surveys from both developed and developing countries on anal sex and HIV, the
study showed that between 10% and 50% of sexually active adolescents and adults in the general
population have engaged in anal intercourse. The study proves that among sexual behaviors that
increases transmission of STI, anal intercourse holds physical and social risks. Men who have sex
with men (MSM) remain among the highest population with HIV/AIDS cases due to a combination
of lifestyle and biological factors that put them at greater risk. Multiple studies point out that men
who have sex with men engage in multiple forms of risky sexual behavior, such as unprotected sex,
multiple partners and intravenous drug use which make them more vulnerable to sexually
transmitted infections, including

Factors Associated With Stress Among Grandparents Raising...
Factors Associated with Stress among Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren is a journal article
by Roberta Sands and Robin Goldberg–Glen. In this article a cross–sectional study took place of
129 grandparents raising grandchildren to examine the extent to which social support are related to
the grandparent's stress. Situations such as parental substance abuse, physical and mental illness,
imprisonment and abuse and neglect of children lead to grandparents becoming surrogate parents.
Grandparents and great–grandparents older than 50 that identified themselves as the primary
caregivers of one or more grandchild were sought out. A primary caregiver was viewed as one who
provided care to a grandchild living in the same household on a daily basis. There were many
problems in the homes of the grandchildren 's parents that led to the grandparents ' getting custody
of their grandchildren. The results points to substance abuse as the most common factor, but the
parent 's inability to care for the child, neglect, and psychological and financial problems were also
prevalent. The findings of this study support the need for clinical services for grandparent–headed
families. Because lack of Family Cohesion was associated with psychological anxiety, grandparents,
their adult children, and grandchildren might benefit from family therapy aimed at improving the
quality of their family relationships. The findings of this study also indicate that there is a

Risk Factors Associated With Poverty
Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that harmfully affects the population in a multitude
of ways. The primary risk factors commonly associated with families living in poverty are emotional
and social challenges, acute and chronic stressors, cognitive delays, and health related issues
(Jensen, 2009). The culmination of risk factors make everyday life in poverty a struggle. Those risk
factors are interwoven and comprehensive, often leading to devastatingly adverse effects. Jensen
(2009) stated problems created by poverty precipitates another, which in turn interposes another,
often leading to an endless inundation of debilitating consequences.
Vernon–Feagans and Cox (2013) have long known that poverty is associated with poor ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cuthrell et al., (2010) reported that although children living in or near the poverty level attend
school, their socio–economic background places them academically behind their peers as compared
to those students from middle and upper class homes living outside the levels of poverty. Howland
et al., (2006) contend that students residing in poverty will continually experience an increase in
achievement gaps throughout the education process as a result of their literacy deficiencies, skill
gaps, and lack of exposure to educationally stimulating events and activities.
Rural poverty in the United States has several distinct factors including a lasting affect for decades,
persistent and intractable, and it is often spatially concentrated (Bradshaw, 2006). The rural poverty
dilemma we face is more of a concern than merely lacking financial stability (Cuthrell et al., 2010).
Rural families that suffer from low–income levels often endure physical isolation and inadequate
transportation resources, public schools, basic public services, and limited accessibility to medical
care (Bradshaw, 2006). In 1994, the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities (Rothenstein, 2008)
estimated that the poverty rate reached its highest level in over ten years, increasing to 14.3%. The
increase was particularly elevated among children. The

Biological And Environmental Factors Associated With Autism
What causes Autism? An overview of biological and environmental factors associated with Autism
(ASD)
Myia Hewison
University of Sunderland
PSY246
9th November 2014
Word count
1242
What causes Autism? An overview of biological and environmental factors associated with Autism
(ASD)
Autism, otherwise known as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has developed significantly over the
past few years. There has been much research carried out since its discovery over sixty years ago
(Wolff, Narayan & Moyes, 1988), it is now described as a complex syndrome affecting the central
nervous system and a developmental disorder that stems from a neurological disorder affecting
normal brain function (Volkmar, 2007). This essay will examine both the biological and
environmental factors believed to cause ASD, while considering some of the major theories
surrounding the condition.
ASD is identified by three distinguishing primary impairments in language, social skills and
behavioural flexibility, which are referred to as the Triad of Impairments (Happe' & Ronald, 2009).
Additionally, the primary characteristics that define ASD are often accompanied by various other
features such as; learning disabilities, self–injury, aggression, repetition, ritualistic eating, drinking
or sleeping behaviours and a compelling need for routine (Happe' & Ronald, 2009). Diagnosis is
often carried out using the Autism Spectrum Quotient or AQ (Baron–Cohen, 2006) and it consists of
a fifty item

Obesity : Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity remains one of the leading factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes,
previously identified as Adult–Onset Diabetes, affects the way one metabolizes glucose, a crucial
energy source for the body. Type 2 Diabetes also causes an increase or decrease in insulin
production. Insulin resistance occurs when the body prohibits the usage of insulin. According to the
Center for Disease Control (CDC), Type 2 Diabetes "accounts for 90 to 95 percent of diabetic
cases"; making it the prominent form of diabetes. The CDC indicates Type 2 Diabetes results from a
combination of genetic and environmental influences ("2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report.").
Obesity, a significant risk factor, enhances the effects of Type 2 Diabetes leading to liver disease and
pancreatitis. The lack of muscle mass also contributes to Type 2 Diabetes, making it difficult for the
elimination of glucose from the body. Excess levels of fat heighten inflammation in the body,
changing the way it reacts and responds to insulin.
The additional levels of fat stimulate inflammation throughout the body. Described by Vivian
Fonseca, MD, inflammation, first targets adipose or fat cell; acting comparable to a protective
mechanism, preventing the body from losing motility and dying (Vann). Juan F. Navarro and
Carmen Mora, students from Oxford University stated, "In obesity, activation starts from the process
of pro–inflammatory cytokines [proteins] such as tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin–1β

The Relationship Between Law Enforcement And Citizens And...
"In our daily life, we encounter people who are angry, deceitful, intent only on satisfying their own
needs. There is so much anger, distrust, greed, and pettiness that we are losing our capacity to work
well together" a quote phrased by Margaret J. Wheatley. (Margaret J. Wheatley.
Brainyquote.com.Website). For some this particular quote sums up their first encounter with law
enforcement. This present research examined the characteristics and results of encounters between
law enforcement and citizens and the common factors associated. The study acknowledges 11
questions pertaining; personal encounters, perspective of police officers, were you advised on how
to act, and would you join law enforcement. One may believe they can predict the results of this;
however surprisingly the results came back slightly different. I found supporting evidence to less
women liking police officer than men, which is shocking considering that males have more
encounters with the police. Furthermore my findings shows that both male and females and advised
on how to interact with the police in the south more than any other region. The following data have
given me the proper research needed to make a policy to ensure satisfying results when
encountering a police officer using the intergroup perceptions.
Problem Statement (problem to be solve) The study examines the frequency with which the persons
that were surveyed have had a negative or positive encounter with law enforcement. The leading
issue

Factors Associated With An Autosomal Recessive Hereditary...
Discussion:
MSUD is a disorder of BCAAs metabolism with a frequency of 1/185,000 live newborns all over
the world, while incidence is quite high in Eastern part Pennsylvania as high as 1 in 200(1). It is an
autosomal recessive hereditary metabolic disorder is due to defective oxidative decarboxylation of
the branched–chain alphaketoacids (BCKAs) derived from transamination of the the BCAAs,
valine, leucine and isoleucine. The oxidative decarboxylation of this BCKAs is catalyzed by the
branched–chain alphaketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex(2). These mutations sub classifies
MSUD in MSUD type 1 or MSUD type 2.Traditionally, the metabolic phenotype of MSUD is
described classic or intermediate variety on related residual BCKAD enzyme ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Because significant proximal tubular reabsorption of filtered BCAAs, renal clearance of filtered
BCAAs very is limited and treatment of symptomatic patients with MSUD aimed on reducing
plasma BCAA levels either by incorporation into new protein synthesis or by enhancing removal
from the intravascular space. Several treatment modalities including special nutritional regimens,
exchange transfusions, peritoneal dialysis, and continuous hemofiltration have been utilized in
neonates with MSUD. All this modalities has varying success in reducing systemic BCAA levels(6).
MSUD is very rare in most populations worldwide, published reports of diagnosis and treatment of
MSUD usually involve only a few patients and most have focused on management of the acute
illness. As a result, reaching an agreement about various management issues has been difficult. In
our case we found continuous veno– venous hemodialysis with filtration (CVVHDF) as an effective
treatment modalities which has been described in earlier(7)(8)(9), as leucine level reduced to 20 %
after 6 hours of treatment.
Acute metabolic crisis in MSUD treated effectively with use

Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes
Diabetes
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease associated with the inability to store and metabolise glucose effectively. In the
UK alone there are just under 3 million people diagnosed with diabetes and approximately 850,000
who are not aware that they have it. (Nhs.uk, 2014)
Because the transporters for glucose to be stored and metabolised are Insulin dependent in most
areas of the body (except the Blood Brain Barrier), an absence or deficiency in Insulin results in
Increased levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is diagnosed when the blood glucose level of a
normal healthy individual is above 11.1mmol/l and in a fasting state above 7mmol/l. Diabetes can
occur because of two factors:
Due to the inability to produce Insulin from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The retina contains the Photoreceptors which produce and transmit visual information to the brain to
form an image. Damage to these cells due to blockage or leakage prevents supply of oxygen and
nutrients to these cells leading to visual loss over time.
Neuropathy – damage to the nerves in the feet which causes diabetics to hurt their feet even more
since they cannot sense the pain.
UTI –Bacteria is found in the Intestine and is excreted with urine through the urethra. When glucose
is present in the urine, this provides a medium and nutrition for bacteria to grow causing
inflammation of the bladder (cystitis) as well as it spreading up the ureter's to the kidneys
(pyelonephritis). The risk of UTI's are also increased by a weakened immune response due to a
smaller amount of lymphocytes travelling to the area of infection because of a reduces blood flow
caused by diabetes. (Diabetes.co.uk, 2014)
Ketoacidosis – is specifically a symptom of Type 1 diabetes because there is an absence of Insulin
altogether. This occurs because glucose cannot absorb into cells hence unable to be used as an
energy source and the body turns to degrading fatty acids for energy. The by–products of this
reaction are Ketone bodies which decrease the PH of the blood. The compensatory mechanism to
this is the body hyperventilating to exhale as much CO2 as possible to lower the PCO2 in the blood.
Presence of insulin inhibits ketoacidosis hence this symptom not occurring in type 2 diabetes.

Organizational Factors Associated With Collaboration...
The purpose of this submission is to recommend, with supporting rationale, an appropriate
methodology to address the research question (RQ): What does the research evidence suggest are
the organizational factors associated with collaboration within Fortune 500 firms? The reader will
first find the Background that discusses items that should be considered when determining the
appropriate systematic review methodology, then there will be an analysis of the current question
using those considerations. The paper will end with a brief conclusion describing the findings.
Background
The systematic review approach chosen by those conducting a study is based on several dimensions.
These include the researcher's epistemology (Rousseau, Manning, & Denyer, 2008, pp. 485–487),
research study purpose (Gough, Oliver, & Thomas, 2012, p. 58), primary research question (Gough
et al., 2012, p. 58; Harden & Thomas, 2005, p. 266), purpose of the study (Gough et al., 2012, p. 76)
and the type of data available (Gough et al., 2012, p. 55). There is also the consideration of the
stakeholders and anticipated consumer of the report since culture and politics can influence the use
of the evidence that results from systematic reviews.
There are numerous specific systematic review methods described in the literature with each method
having a specific fit for purpose, appropriately considering the purpose of the reviews, the types of
questions to be answered, and evidence available for inclusion in

Factors Associated With Neck Disability Among Chronic Neck...
The purpose of the study is to assess the factors associated with neck disability among chronic neck
pain sufferers. Chronic neck pain is largely non–specific in nature and requires a biopsychosocial
understanding of risk factors to mitigate their poor outcome. Practice guidelines highlight the
importance of classifying these patients based on these biopsychosocial clinical findings for
effective intervention. Recent evidence also points to the success of personalized pain management
that is anchored on specific neurophysiologic mechanism underpinning the pain experience of each
individual. There is emerging evidence that simultaneously evaluating this neurophysiologic
mechanism, along with biopsychosocial variables identified risk factors ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The systematic reviews showing that multimodal therapy that includes manual therapy,
advice/patient education and strengthening–endurance exercise suggest that there are interactions
between the underlying impairments that these interventions treat. This suggests the credibility of
the theoretical construct of my secondary analysis.
About 41% of American adults suffer from chronic pain. The total economic burden of pain in 2010
is estimated to range from $560 to $635 billion. Of these, lost productivity alone cost between $299
to $335 billion; which approximates the yearly cost of heart condition and exceeding the total cost
of cancer and diabetes. On a per person basis, the incremental cost of all US health care
expenditures in 2010 is $8233, moderate and severe chronic pain accounted for $4516 (55% of total)
and $7726.20 (93.8% of total) respectively (Gaskin et. al. 2012). American workers with neck or
back pain costs between $5574– $8512, compared to those with no neck or back pain ($3,017)
(Kleinman et al 2014).
Neck pain is quite common, can be burdensome, and costly. One–year prevalence (Hogg–Johnson et
al. 2008, Hoy et al. 2010) of neck pain (common) and activity–limiting neck pain (less common)
ranged from 30%–50% and 2–11% respectively. The prevalence is higher in women (Kääriä et al.
2012) and is highest in the middle age. Out of 289 causes of disability worldwide and

Prevalence Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice And Its...
Abstract
Background: Exclusive breast feeding means babies are given only breast milk and nothing else–no
other milk, food, drink, even no water for the first six months of life . It prevents 13% of childhood
mortality; i.e, at least 1.2 million children worldwide would be saved every year. The objective of
this study was to assess the prevalence exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factor
among mothers who have infants less than six months of age in Motta town, East Gojjam, Amhara
Regional State, Ethiopia.
Method: A community based quantitative cross–sectional study was conducted from April 7, 2015 to
May 7, 2015. A simple random sampling technique was applied after taking all registered mothers
who have infants less than 6 months old from local health extension workers of each kebele. A total
of 423 mothers with infant less than six months old were included in this study. The data was
collected using an interviewer administered questioaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic
regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.
Result: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.1%. Mothers with young infants (0 1month)
[AOR=3.86(1.64, 9.07)], unemployed [AOR=3.01(1.46, 6.20)], low income [AOR= 3.61(1.75,
7.45)], got breastfeeding counseling on pregnancy [AOR= 2.76 (1.52, 4.99)], fed colostrum
[AOR=3.50(1.45, 8.45)], didn 't give prelacteal food [AOR=4.48(1.82, 11.03)] and supported by

Low Attendance Culture at NYUAD
LOW ATTENDANCE CULTURE AT NYUAD
NYUAD Community Events As an Observational Platform for a Complex System
"It was supposed to be a collaboration among schools, NYUAD and the Sorbonne Abu Dhabi,
together for a night of shared poetry on March 13. The event was primarily advertised on Facebook
and of both schools' populations, 205 people RSVP'd. But when the night arrived, NYUAD
sophomore Zahida Rahemtulla found herself with only one other companion boarding the bus for
the event." At NYUAD, students have the chance to join in various events within the university as
well around the city of Abu Dhabi. In fact, NYUAD has created a Student Portal, a website designed
to list these events and update students, faculty and stuff of the different locations and dates of such
events. In this sense, NYUADers are literally "one click away from being part of a certain meeting
or event. However, over the last few years there have been a noticeable culture of overcommitting
and then not attending" . Most of the organized events reach the student population with loud
Facebook campaigns and tempting slogans such as "free", yet people still fail to show up when they
need to. Could it be that students fail to attend these meetings due to the overwhelming publicity? It
is quite understandable that freshmen of all classmen are the ones who over commit; they are simply
excited to part of the university life. As freshmen adapt to college routine, they start to realize what

Family And Social Environmental Factors Associated With...
Article 1: Family and Social Environmental Factors Associated with Aggression Among Chinese
Adolescents (Chunxia Dou, Zhen Wei, Ke Jin, He Wang, Xiulan Wang, Ziwen Pen; American
Psychological Association: School Psychology Quarterly, 2014)
1) The authors based their research on the assumption that familial and social environments have an
impact on aggression. However, the actual, and possibly definite, risks pertaining to these
environments were still unknown. The authors didn't really have a hypothesis but they were trying to
look for potential family–related and social environmental factors that may play a role in aggression,
specifically for Chinese adolescents. Also, they wanted to know if there were any relationships
between the factors have an indirect or direct impact on aggression.
2) The researchers already knew that certain personal and social factors played roles in relation to
aggression. Also, they knew that aggression is seen more in males than in females, as well as being
more prominent in older adolescents. Specifically for Chinese adolescents, it was already known
that there was high educational pressure that contributed to stress and eventually could lead to
aggression. This brings culture and race into consideration for this study since the focus was
Chinese adolescents. Also, they researchers didn't know much about the impact of the possible
relationships between the factors that could lead to aggressive behavior, which is part of what

Major Factors Associated With Country Risks Essay
Country risk has many variables and factors associated with it. In the text that follows, I will explain
the various factors associated with country risks. There will be two main types of factors discussed,
which include Political Risk as well as Economic Risk. When it comes to evaluating whether or not
a country, individual, or business should invest their capital in another country, they should take into
account the Political Risks associated with that investment. These can range from a country
potentially taking part in a war, to many different types of bribery and extortion efforts by the
countries government. Economic Risk is another major factor to consider when determining the
likelihood that a country should be invested in. Many of the items associated with Economic risk
include exchange rate risk, inflation, GDP, and devaluation. Both of these risks will assist entities in
determining whether or not a country should be invested in. As investments in other countries will
continue to occur due to a growing worldwide economy and accessibility becoming even easier,
country risk will continue to be a prevalent topic.
Introduction
Country risk "is a collection of risks associated with investing in a foreign country" (Country Risk).
When discussing the concept of country risk, it is important to note that this risk may apply either to
individual investors, brokerage companies, multinational corporations, as well as many other
entities. It is not just the risk of an

Psychological Factors Associated With Ptsd
Derealization is the experience that the world is not real; the patient may feel like they are in a
dream world (American Psychological Association, 2013). Psychological Factors Development of
PTSD is not only related to experiencing a traumatic event. There are several psychological factors
associated with development of PTSD. Children that have been exposed to constant trauma and
stress are more likely to develop PTSD then children from more stable home environments. Some
studies have even shown that when fetuses are exposed to maternal stress they will have trouble
coping with stress later in life. Children who come from a poor home environment are particularly
susceptible to PTSD because they never learned successful coping skills. When these children
experience a traumatic event they do not have the tools or support to successfully manage the stress
(Halter, 2014, p. 305–307). Rademaker, Van Zuiden, Vermetten, & Geuze (2011) found that certain
personality types are more likely to develop PTSD. Those that exhibit a high amount of neuroticism
(anxiety, jealousy, envy, adverse emotional states) and those that are also introverts are more likely
to develop PTSD then others (p. 299). Biological Factors Additionally, PTSD is related to a complex
serious of biological factors. According to Halter (2014) the development of PTSD is related to how
the intense trauma causes a "dysregulation that disrupts the integration of neural networks" (p.306).
What Halter is explaining is

The Implementation And Sustenance Of Jit
In the implementation and sustenance of JIT, psychological factors also play a vital role. Little
consideration of the complexities involved in psychological pattern of employees and suppliers
would reveal a vast field hitherto explored in the manufacturing environment. Every manufacturing
practice has two elements; one is the technical element and other is the human element. In this
paper, we attempt to understand the criticalities involved in the human element of the JIT practice.
For this purpose, we researched upon the various factors affecting the human element and present
the information in the following order. Firstly, we list down the factors or characteristics that would
enable JIT to be successfully implemented and sustained. Secondly, we attempt to gain in depth
understanding these factors thru' the research work conducted by work psychologist and how these
factors behave in molding the implementation. Thirdly, we present how these factors are handled in
industries and what are the possible solutions presented by academic and industries entities to tackle
the challenges posed by these factors and its relations.
Academic research not only concentrated on the traditional cross–cultural psychology like
leadership, motivation, work values etc. but also staffing, performance management and employee
health and safety. These research will better able to layout practices that can work in various cultural
contexts. The psychological impact on manufacturing practices can be

The Debate Over Unauthorized Use Of A Person's Art Work
In contemporary photography a major issue has been debate over unauthorized use of a person's art
work to create something new. Appropriation is the most frequently used word whenever a body of
work comes into question. Exploring deeper into this phrase used to justifying stealing, may sound
simple on the surface, but appropriation has been a hot topic for many legal battles that can favor
either side. Photographers and other artist are constantly in and out of court, fighting that their works
is being infringed, while others argue originality. What guideline is there to protect someone from
their being considered stolen? Exploring the laws behind appropriation and plagiarism, as well some
photographer that fought on both sides may give a better idea of on how one can protect them. The
first step to understanding the controversy appropriation is to know the definition, The MOCA in
Los Angeles states, "To appropriate is to borrow. Appropriation is the practice of creating a new
work by taking a pre–existing image from another context–art history, advertising, the media–and
combining that appropriated image with new ones. Or, a well–known artwork by someone else may
be represented as the appropriator's own. Such borrowings can be regarded as the two–dimensional
equivalent of the found object. But instead of, say, incorporating that "found" image into a new
collage, the postmodern appropriator redraws, repaints, or rephotographs it." This definition in itself
can leave

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