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1. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Design And Development Of Sustainable Caddie
For College Campuses
Presented by:
Abhishek Pramod Nair, Roll No: 5
Angel Chacko Joseph, Roll No : 21
Ben Cherian Koshy, Roll No: 25
Chris Andrew John, Roll No :28
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Guided by
Er. Jisha James
(Assistant Professor)
Co-guided by
Er. Polly Thomas
(Assistant Professor)
INTERIM REVEIW

2. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
List of Contents
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• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Problem Definition
• Novelty
• Methodology
• Work Plan
• Estimated Cost and Feasibility
• References

3. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Introduction
• Reducing Fossil Fuel Consumption
• Addressing environmental concerns and heading to a sustainable future
• Incorporating EV Technology
• Reduced environmental impact
• Innovative Campus Caddie Project Paving the Green Path
• Practical application of cutting-edge EV technology
• Key Features
• Lightweight materials and electric propulsion
• Eco-friendliness and efficiency
• Showcasing Feasibility and Advantages
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4. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Literature Survey
4
SL NO. AUTHOR TITLE FEATURES CHALLENGES
1. Mykola Ostroverkhov Increasing the efficiency of
vehicle drives using
Supercapacitors in power
supply
They are more efficient
than internal combustion
engines, meaning they can
convert a higher
percentage of their energy
source into actual motion.
Managing the safety
aspects of
supercapacitor
integration with battery
supply is crucial.
2. Li Shengqin and Feng Xinyuan Study of structural
optimization design on a
certain vehicle
The design successfully
reduced the weight of the
vehicle body to meet the
lightweight requirements
with higher structural
strength.
Integration with existing
golf cart systems and
infrastructure may pose
compatibility issues.

5. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Literature Survey
5
SL NO. AUTHOR TITLE FEATURES CHALLENGES
3. F. Mocera and E. Vergori,
A. Somà
Battery performance
analysis for working
vehicles applications
Assess battery performance
at various SoC levels for
practical applications.
Challenges in
accounting full range of
battery in actual working
conditions.
4. Krishnakumar.V and
Priya .B
Performance
Improvement of Brushless
DC Motor
Includes improved control
techniques to improve motor
efficiency, reduced
electromagnetic interference
and the ability to utilize
renewable energy sources
Initial cost and design
integration can limit
adoption.
5. E.C. Kellogg, J. Araiza,
R. Cromie and J.W. Smith
Energy efficiency in
electric golf carts
Evaluating new technologies
for electric golf carts and
assessing energy efficiency
through real-world testing.
Validating manufacturer
claims and designing
accurate standardized tests
for fair technology
comparisons.

6. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Summary of Literature Review
•Research on integrating supercapacitors for vehicle efficiency and emission reduction.
•Case studies demonstrating successful weight reduction.
•Challenges in integrating optimized structures with existing vehicle systems.
•Literature on battery performance analysis, especially at various SoC levels.
•Challenges in assessing battery performance in diverse working conditions.
•Techniques to improve brushless DC motor efficiency, reduce interference, and use renewable energy.
•Challenges related to initial costs and design integration.
•Literature on emerging technologies for electric golf cart energy efficiency.
•Validation of manufacturer claims and standardized testing methods development.
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7. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Problem Definition
 Challenge: College campuses face a pressing challenge in providing efficient and environmentally sustainable
transportation solutions for their students, faculty, and staff.
 Current Shortcomings: Traditional golf carts, often utilized on campuses, are powered by lead-acid batteries,
resulting in short battery lifespans and inefficiencies in energy usage.
 The Sustainability Imperative: In light of the increasing importance of sustainability, there is a critical need to
realign campus transportation methods with eco-friendly practices to reduce carbon emissions and minimize energy
wastage.
 The Proposed Solution: The project seeks to address these challenges by designing and developing a specialized
caddie tailored explicitly for college campuses, surpassing the limitations of conventional carts
 Integration of Advanced Technologies: This proposed caddie will incorporate state-of-the-art technologies,
including electric propulsion, lightweight materials, and efficient energy management systems.
 Smart and Safe Features: Furthermore, the caddie will be equipped with smart features to enhance safety.
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8. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Objectives
1. Develop an eco-friendly caddy for efficient transportation within the college campus.
2. Improve energy efficiency by integrating advanced motor technology.
3. Optimize the vehicle's structure for lightweight and robust performance.
4. Enhance battery performance analysis for real-world working conditions.
5. Establish standardized testing methods for fair technology comparisons.
6. Reduce emissions and promote sustainability through advanced vehicle design for on-campus mobility.
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9. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Novelty
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The novelty lies in
• Energy Efficiency: Developing an advanced energy management system that optimizes the golf
cart's energy consumption while maintaining safety. This might involve regenerative braking,
smart charging, or innovative battery technologies.
• Advanced Materials: Explore the use of lightweight and high-strength materials for the golf
cart's construction. These materials can enhance both safety and energy efficiency

10. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Methodology
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Battery
Battery
charging
Auxiliary
power
supply
Microcontroller
Wheel
Wheel
Mechanical
transmission
Electric
motor
Electronics
power
converter
Vehicle
controller
Brake
Accelerator
Energy
management
unit
Electric propulsion subsystem
Energy source
subsystem Auxiliary subsystem/ Innovation
Temperature/Fire
Sensor
Voltage, Current
Sensor
Gyroscope Sensor
Charging Circuit
Display/ Data
transmission

11. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Estimated Cost and Feasibility
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S.L. N.O. ITEM PRICE [IN RUPEES]
1 CHROMOLY-AISI 4130 13000
2. SEAT 4000
3. WIRING HARNESS 6000
4. BLDC MOTOR AND CONTROLLER 70,000
5. 120Ah BATTERY PACK 1,20,000
6. SUSPENSION 10,000
7. TYRES 12,500
6. MISCELLANEOUS 1,00,000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE – Rs. 3,35,500

12. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Plan
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1. Brain storming
2. Introspection of different caddies available in the market
3. Setting out goals and objectives
4. Feasibility study
5. Vehicle chassis design and analysis
6. Vehicle modelling using PVC
7. Scrapyard visit and material procuring
8. Chassis building and Fabrication
9. Electric powertrain assembly
10. Assembly of parts
11. Testing and validation

13. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Plan
13
SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Topic Selection
Report writing and
submission
Literature Survey
Design
Analysis
Simulation
Hardware Building
Testing & Result Analysis

14. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Plan
14
JAN FEB MAR APR
Topic Selection
Report writing and
submission
Literature Survey
Design
Analysis
Simulation
Hardware Building
Testing & Result Analysis

15. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Estimated Work Plan
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TASK START DATE END DATE DURATION
Identifying Problem 05-09-2023 08-09-2023 3
Group Discussion 06-09-2023 09-09-2023 3
Idea Formation 11-09-2023 14-09-2023 3
Literature Review 12-09-2023 15-09-2023 3
Assigning Tasks 14-09-2023 15-09-2023 1
Create Work Plan 16-09-2023 01-10-2023 15
Zeroth Review 01-10-2023 06-10-2023 5
SolidWorks Design 28-10-2023 01-11-2023 4
Ansys Analysis 01-11-2023 02-11-2023 1
Interim Review 29-10-2023 02-11-2023 4
Product Purchase 06-11-2023 31-12-2023 55
Simulation 07-11-2023 02-02-2024 87
Schedule Work 09-11-2023 26-02-2024 109
Hardware Building 09-11-2023 28-02-2024 111
Inspection 01-03-2024 05-03-2024 4
Result Analysis 06-03-2024 09-03-2024 3
Report Writing 10-03-2024 14-03-2024 4

16. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Progress
• Design Development: Utilized SolidWorks to create intricate technical drawings, adhering to desired
parameters for precision and accuracy.
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Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
• Thorough Analysis: Conducting comprehensive analysis in Ansys, employing advanced technical
methodologies and terminology to ensure precision and rigor in our findings.

17. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Progress
17
Figure 4
Figure 6
Figure 5
Figure 7

18. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Progress
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Figure 8
Snapshots of analysis in
ANSYS
Figure 9 Figure 10
Figure 11 Figure 12

19. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
• Components acquired include :
1. BLDC 6 KW MOTOR
2. BLDC CONTROLLER
3. 120 Ah 52V – 48V BATTERY PACK
4. COILOVER SUSPENSION EYE TO EYE LENGTH 21 INCH
5. REDUCTION GEARBOX 11 : 1 RATIO
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Components

20. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Conclusion
• Creation of an eco-friendly, energy-efficient caddy for on-campus transportation.
• Enhanced energy efficiency through advanced motor technology.
• Achieved a lightweight, structurally sound design to meet sustainability goals.
• Improved battery performance analysis for real-world conditions.
• Development of standardized testing methods for accurate performance evaluation.
• Align with the college's sustainability objectives for easy commute.
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21. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
References
[1] Shengqin Li, Xinyuan Feng,Study of structural optimization design on a certain vehicle body-in-white based
on static performance and modal analysis,Mechanical Systems and
Signal Processing,Volume 135,2020,106405,ISSN 0888-3270,https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106405.
[2] B. Priya and V. Krishnakumar, "Performance improvement of brushless DC motor," 2013 International
Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability, Nagercoil, India, 2013, pp. 524-529, doi:
10.1109/ICEETS.2013.6533439.
[3] M. Ostroverkhov and D. Trinchuk, "Increasing the Efficiency of Electric Vehicle Drives with Supercapacitors
in Power Supply," 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS), Kyiv, Ukraine,
2020, pp. 258-261, doi: 10.1109/ESS50319.2020.916029.
[4] F. Mocera, E. Vergori and A. Somà, "Battery Performance Analysis for Working Vehicle Applications," in
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 644-653, Jan.-Feb. 2020, doi:
10.1109/TIA.2019.2943843.
[5] E. C. Kellogg, J. Araiza, R. Cromie and J. W. Smith, "Energy efficiency in electric golf carts," 2009 IEEE
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, MI, USA, 2009, pp. 1279-1285, doi:
10.1109/VPPC.2009.5289702.
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22. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
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