Review

1. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Design And Development Of Sustainable Caddie
For College Campuses
Presented by:
Abhishek Pramod Nair, Roll No: 5
Angel Chacko Joseph, Roll No : 21
Ben Cherian Koshy, Roll No: 25
Chris Andrew John, Roll No :28
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Guided by
Er. Jisha James
(Assistant Professor)
Co-guided by
Er. Polly Thomas
(Assistant Professor)

2. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
List of Contents
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• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Problem Definition
• Novelty
• Methodology
• Work Plan
• Estimated Cost and Feasibility
• References

3. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Introduction
 Innovative Campus Caddie: Creating an environmentally conscious caddie designed specifically
for college campuses, incorporating technologies like electric propulsion and lightweight
materials.
 Smart and Safe: Equipping the caddie with intelligent features to enhance safety and optimize
data for a more efficient campus transportation system.
 Environmental Responsibility: Showcasing the feasibility and advantages of eco-friendly
transportation solutions, in alignment with broader campus-wide environmental initiatives.
 Paving the Green Path: Combining eco-consciousness with practicality, this project represents a
significant stride toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future for college
campuses.
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4. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Literature Survey
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SL NO. AUTHOR TITLE FEATURES CHALLENGES
1. J. Fan Solar Powered Golf Cart:
Testing and Performance
Analysis
The system's 420Wp
solar panel harnesses
clean energy from the
sun.
The solar efficiency is
susceptible to weather
conditions and
shading, affecting its
energy generation
capability.
2. R. Musslem,
W. Almehdar,
G. Diwan,
A. Bensenouci and
S. Munawwar
Solar Powered Golf Cart
Systems for On-Campus
University Use
Educational tool for
students interested in
renewable energy and
electric vehicles.
Integration with
existing golf cart
systems and
infrastructure may
pose compatibility
issues.

5. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Literature Survey
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SL NO. AUTHOR TITLE FEATURES CHALLENGES
3. H.S. Mok, B.C. Kim,
S.H. Kim, S.L. Ryu and Y.J. Oh
Development of a 72V IPMSM
drive system for golf carts
IPMSMs provide high
torque efficiently,
essential for
maneuvering golf carts
on hilly terrain.
Implementing IPMSM
systems in golf carts
can be cost-intensive,
potentially affecting
affordability.
4. B. Guha, R.J. Haddad and
Y. Kalaani
Performance impact analysis
of solar cell retrofitted
electric golf cart
Solar panels extend
range and battery life,
reducing costs.
Initial cost and design
integration can limit
adoption.
5. E.C. Kellogg, J. Araiza,
R. Cromie and J.W. Smith
Energy efficiency in electric
golf carts
Evaluating new
technologies for
electric golf carts and
assessing energy
efficiency through real-
world testing.
Validating
manufacturer claims
and designing accurate
standardized tests for
fair technology
comparisons.

6. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Problem Definition
 Challenge: College campuses face a pressing challenge in providing efficient and environmentally sustainable
transportation solutions for their students, faculty, and staff.
 Current Shortcomings: Traditional golf carts, often utilized on campuses, are powered by lead-acid batteries,
resulting in short battery lifespans and inefficiencies in energy usage.
 The Sustainability Imperative: In light of the increasing importance of sustainability, there is a critical need to
realign campus transportation methods with eco-friendly practices to reduce carbon emissions and minimize energy
wastage.
 The Proposed Solution: The project seeks to address these challenges by designing and developing a specialized
caddie tailored explicitly for college campuses, surpassing the limitations of conventional carts
 Integration of Advanced Technologies: This proposed caddie will incorporate state-of-the-art technologies,
including electric propulsion, lightweight materials, and efficient energy management systems.
 Smart and Safe Features: Furthermore, the caddie will be equipped with smart features to enhance safety and
optimize data management.
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7. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Novelty
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1. Integrating advanced technologies and materials for sustainability.
2. Enhancing electric propulsion and efficient energy management.
3. Utilizing solar panels to extend golf cart battery life.
4. Real-world testing for electric golf cart performance.
5. Promoting environmental awareness through innovation.

8. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Methodology
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Battery
Battery
charging
Auxiliary
power
supply
Microcontroller
Wheel
Wheel
Mechanical
transmission
Electric
motor
Electronics
power
converter
Vehicle
controller
Brake
Accelerator
Energy
management
unit
Electric propulsion subsystem
Energy source
subsystem Auxiliary subsystem/ Innovation
Temperature/Fire
Sensor
Voltage/Current
Sensor
Gyroscope Sensor
Charging Circuit
Display/ Data
transmission

9. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Work Plan
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1. Brain storming
2. Introspection of different caddies available in the market
3. Setting out goals and objectives
4. Feasibility study
5. Vehicle chassis design and analysis
6. Vehicle modelling using PVC
7. Scrapyard visit and material procuring
8. Chassis building and Fabrication
9. Electric powertrain assembly
10. Assembly of parts
11. Testing and validation

10. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
Estimated Cost and Feasibility
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S.L. N.O. ITEM PRICE [IN RUPEES]
1 CHROMOLY 13000
2. ROLL CAGE MANUFACTURE 10000
3. SEAT 5000
4. WIRING HARNESS 5000

11. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
References
[1] J. Fan, "Solar Powered Golf Cart: Testing and Performance Analyses," 2018 2nd International Conference on
Green Energy and Applications (ICGEA), Singapore, 2018, pp. 74-78, doi: 10.1109/ICGEA.2018.8356302.
[2] R. Musslem, W. Almehdar, G. Diwan, A. Bensenouci and S. Munawwar, "Solar Powered Golf Cart System for
On-Campus University Use," 2019 IEEE 10th GCC Conference & Exhibition (GCC), Kuwait, Kuwait, 2019, pp.
1-6, doi: 10.1109/GCC45510.2019.1570520867.
[3] H. S. Mok, B. C. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. L. Ryu and Y. J. Oh, "Development of a 72V IPMSM drive system for
golf carts," 2007 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics, Daegu,Korea(South), 2007, pp. 278-282,
doi: 10.1109/ICPE.2007.4692393.
[4] B. Guha, R. J. Haddad and Y. Kalaani, "Performance impact analysis of solar cell retrofitted electric golf cart,"
SoutheastCon 2015, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, 2015, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/SECON.2015.7132902.
[5] E. C. Kellogg, J. Araiza, R. Cromie and J. W. Smith, "Energy efficiency in electric golf carts," 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power
and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, MI, USA, 2009, pp. 1279-1285, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2009.5289702.
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12. SAINTGITS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
L E A R N . G R O W . E X C E L
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