New Challenges in Low Power and High-Speed Real-Time Signal Processing

1. 2016/5/4
1
May 9, 2016 1
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
New challenges in low power
and high-speed real-time signal
processing
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
zhihua@Tsinghua.edu.cn
May 9, 2016 2
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Contents
• The requirements of semiconductors of medical applications
• Portable and/or Implantable Medical Systems
• Real time analog signal processing - Design considerations of a
transceiver used for IMD
• Real time analog signal processing - Case study for applications
• Conclusions

2. 2016/5/4
2
May 9, 2016 3
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
The requirements of
semiconductors of medical
applications
May 9, 2016 4
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Information services from (mobile) internet
• “Stories" about Web services
• Google（谷歌）
• AAA @ Google map
• SCI/EI @ Google Scholar
• … …
• Twitter/Facebook/
Weibo/Weixin
(微博、微信)
• eBay /Taobao（淘宝）
• Amazon /JD （京东）
There is any kind of human needs in real
society, there must exist a corresponding
Internet companies in virtual community
Fact ONE
(In virtual community) except of medicines and medical
equipment sales, there is no Internet companies
involved in medical and health care
Fact TWO
Question:
Do human beings have medical and health care needs in real society?

3. 2016/5/4
3
May 9, 2016 5
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Could the model of today’s information service
be applied to future mobile medical services
Hospital-centered
医学检测和监护
Medical Tests &
Monitoring
诊断
Diagnostics
医学处理
Treatment
感到不适
Sense of
Discomfort
Medical Tests &
Monitoring
DiagnosticsTreatment
Sense of
Discomfort
Patient-centered
Medical Service Enterprise
using IT mode
Do not charge to the
user (patient) directly
How to achieve this
objective?
May 9, 2016 6
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Conditions and Approach
Hospital-centered
医学检测和监护
Medical Tests &
Monitoring
诊断
Diagnostics
医学处理
Treatment
感到不适
Sense of
Discomfort
Medical Tests &
Monitoring
DiagnosticsTreatment
Sense of
Discomfort
Patient-centered
Conditions:
Testing to get the Physiological
information with accurate, reliable,
complete at home
Approach:
Miniaturization Intelligent of existing
medical equipment
electrification of the non-electric
(chemical, biological) medical devices
It is not to replace today's medical services, but to provide a new type of medical service to effective
use of the knowledge of medical people, and it does not directly charge to the consumers

4. 2016/5/4
4
May 9, 2016 7
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
To make Medical Devices
smaller & smarter1946: using
vacuum tubes
Your mobile phone has more computing power than all
of NASA in 1969. NASA launched a man to the moon.
We launch a bird into pigs.
— George Bray
From 200 bytes filling a big room and consuming 150 KW,
to 1 Gbytes/64G filling your pocket and consuming less than 2W
The evolution of computing technology: power and computing capability (1946~2016)
May 9, 2016 8
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
To make the Medical Devices electrification
Kodak Company was founded in
1880, filed for bankruptcy
protection in January 2012
It has no any value for a
mechanical watch as a timing tool
The demise of film and mechanical watch

5. 2016/5/4
5
May 9, 2016 9
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Similar annual sales of top 20 companies ,
but differents in …
TOP 20 PUBLIC MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANIES BY
SALES, Priced as of close on October 7, 2015
No. Company Name (Exchange: Ticker)
Total Revenue,
Last 12 Months
($USDmm,)
1 Johnson & Johnson (NYSE:JNJ) $25,836.0
2 Medtronic plc (NYSE:MDT) $23,127.0
3 General Electric Co. (NYSE:GE) $18,030.0
4 Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co.
KGAA (DB:FME)
$16,982.3
5 Baxter International Inc. (NYSE:BAX) $16,326.0
6 Siemens AG (DB:SIE) $14,600.4
7 Cardinal Health Inc. (NYSE:CAH) $11,395.0
8 Novartis AG (SWX:NOVN) $10,485.0
9 Koninklijke Philips N.V (ENXTAM:PHIA) $10,402.5
10 Stryker Corp. (NYSE:SYK) $9,818.0
11 Becton, Dickinson and Co. (NYSE:BDX) $9,410.0
12 Boston Scientific Corp. (NYSE:BSX) $7,272.0
13 Essilor International SA (ENXTPA:EI) $7,015.3
14 St. Jude Medical Inc. (NYSE:STJ) $5,566.0
15 3M Co. (NYSE:MMM) $5,475.0
16 Abbott Laboratories (NYSE:ABT) $5,223.5
17 Olympus Corp. (TSE:7733) (OTC:
OCPNY)
$4,811.5
18 Smith & Nephew plc (LSE:SN.) $4,669.0
19 Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc.
(NYSE:ZBH)
$4,630.9
20 Terumo Corp. (TSE:4543) $4,114.6
Sub-total form top 20 $215,190.0
Top 20 Semiconductor companies ranked on
2015 year's sales (US$ B)
15‘s
Rank
Companies
Y2015
re ve nue
1 Intel 50.31
2 Sumsang Electronics 41.61
3 TSMC(F) 26.56
4 Hynix 16.92
5 Qualcomm(FL) 15.63
6 Micron 14.82
7 Texas Instruments 12.11
8 Toshiba 9.73
9 BroadComm (FL) 8.42
10 Avago (FL) 6.96
11 Infineon Technpology 6.90
12 STMicroelectronics 6.84
13 MediaTek + Mstar(FL) 6.50
14 Sony 5.89
15 NXP 5.79
16 Renesas Electronics 5.66
17 Global Foundries(F) 4.99
18 nVidia 4.63
19 UMC(F) 4.47
20 Freescale Semi 4.41
May 9, 2016 10
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
TECHNOLOGY ENABLERS
• Portable and/or Implantable medical monitoring systems
• Reliable and seamless monitoring systems that can be integrated into
patients daily life routine
• Ambulatory data analysis
• Real-time data analysis and even diagnostics increasing
the efficiency of health-care delivery
• Close the loop
• Smart drug delivery and/or stimulation systems
for preventive (care)

6. 2016/5/4
6
May 9, 2016 11
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Portable and/or Implantable
Medical Systems
Enabling Technology is Integrated Circuit
May 9, 2016 12
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
It should be a device with a Medical-grade
•An instrument, apparatus, implement, machine,
contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar
or related article, including a component part, or
accessory which is:
• Recognized in the official National Formulary
• Intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other
conditions
• Intended to affect the structure or any function of the
body of man or other animals
What is a Portable and/or Implantable Medical Device?

7. 2016/5/4
7
May 9, 2016 13
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
It should be an Potable and/or
Implantable Device
• Electronic implantable medical devices (IMD) are designed to
be fully or partially implanted in the human bodies through
surgeries[1], and remain in bodies for several hours to
several years or even permanently after the surgical
intervention.
[1] R. Ritter, J. Handwerker, T. Liu, and M. Ortmanns, “Telemetry for Implantable Medical Devices,”
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE, vol. 6, Issue. 2, pp. 47-51, Spring 2014.
What is a Portable and/or Implantable Medical Device?
May 9, 2016 14
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Classification of medical Devices
•Class I: General controls
•Class II: General controls with special controls
• infusion pumps, and surgical drapes…
•Class III: General controls and premarket approval
• implantable pacemaker, pulse generators, automated
external defibrillators…

8. 2016/5/4
8
May 9, 2016 15
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Examples of Potable and/or Implantable Medical Devices
Total hip replacement capsule endoscopy Robot hand
Cochlear implants Nerve Stimulator Total Knee replacement
May 9, 2016 16
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
A Medical System with Portable and/or Implantable Medical Devices
Deep Brain
Neurostimulator
Cochlear implant
Endoscopic Capsule
Others IMDs
Gastric stimulator
Portable and/or
Implantable Medical
Devices - IMDs
Controller / Programmer
Display / control unit
External Host Devices -
EHDs
(Terms and Definitions)

9. 2016/5/4
9
May 9, 2016 17
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Research and Development of an medical system with
Portable and/or Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs)
Specification Design
Prototype/
Product
Verification
Small
Production
Technology
Transfer
Design Review
Validation
Large
Production
Research
Idea /
Concept
May 9, 2016 18
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Composition or Development Platform
• Communication protocols and modules
• information security
• Sensing modules
• Pacing modules
• Wireless battery recharge module
• Lead impedance measurement modules
• Accelerometer modules
• FW download module
• RTC module

10. 2016/5/4
10
May 9, 2016 19
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
About the information security - Mostly at the
system level and implemented in software
Confidentiality Integrity
AvailabilityAccountability
CIAA policy
May 9, 2016 20
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Portable and/or Implantable Medical Systems Market
• 5 big companies:
• share more than 98% of the market (mainly pacemakers and ICDs).
• design and manufacture their products but do not act as contract designers or
manufacturers.
• buy patents and technology from small companies in the field or eventually
buy the companies.
• Start –up companies created to check the feasibility of treating a
disease using an implantable device implementing a therapy
conceived by themselves:
• few per year, mainly from US, Israel and Canada
• without capacity to develop and manufacture the devices

11. 2016/5/4
11
May 9, 2016 21
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Enabling Technology is Integrated Circuit
• Information Sciences:
Acquisition
processing,
Storage
Transmission
of (medical and life )
signals
Analog
Front
End
ADC
DSP
Radio
μC
Sensor
Power management, battery, harvester
May 9, 2016 22
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Real time analog signal processing
Design considerations of a transceiver used for IMD

12. 2016/5/4
12
May 9, 2016 23
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Well known IMDs in clinical application
• cardiac pacemakers,
• implantable defibrillators,
• Cochlear implants,
• nerve stimulators (Functional Electrical Stimulation-
• FES),
• limb function stimulation,
• bladder stimulators,
• Sphincter stimulators,
• diaphragm stimulators,
• implantable infusion pumps,
• bio-monitoring devices such as the capsule endoscope.
May 9, 2016 24
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Two options to power an IMD
• miniature battery, and wireless power.
• lowering the circuit power consumption,
• to evaluate the available space for power supply components inside IMDs,
• The lifetime and reliability requirement, before choosing the power
type.
• For example, a cardiac pacemaker relying on a reliable energy source may
choose a battery, while an intraocular IMD usually choose wireless power
since there is no room for a battery. The requirements on the wireless
transceivers for different IMDS are quite diverse, in terms of data rate, signal
transmission distance, and communication directions (single direction or two-
way). The data integrity and bit-error rate (BER) tolerance are also of great
importance, and the poor performances on these aspects may lead to
harmful and even fetal malfunction.

13. 2016/5/4
13
May 9, 2016 25
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
IMD power and wireless data requirements
IMDs Power consumption Target data rate Life-Time Energy Source
Biomonitoring System <100 μW < 10 kb/s a few days Primary Battery
Capsule endoscope <15mW >1 Mb/s 10 Hours Primary Battery
Pacemaker <100 μW 10 Years Primary Battery
Cardioverter-Defibrilator Cont:<100 μW; Peak:5–10 W 10 Years Primary Battery
Cochlear Processor 200 μW >100Kb/s 1 Week Rechargeable Battery
Hearing Aid 100–2,000 μW 200 kb/s 1 Week Rechargeable Battery
RetinalImplant 40–250 mW > 500kb/s NA Inductive Power
NeuralRecorder/Stimulator 1–100 mW <1 Mb/s NA Inductive Power
ArtificialHeart 10–100 W NA Inductive Power
May 9, 2016 26
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Frequency band selection for IMD transceiver design
• considering the huge variation of EM signal propagation characteristics through human
tissues with different frequencies. Based on FCC frequency regulations, the MedRadio
band (composed of several inconsecutive bands in 401–457 MHz) has superior
propagation characteristics for implants, quiet channel properties, and worldwide
availability, which are the primary reasons for its popularity for implant applications.
The 2.45GHz ISM band, with the mature circuit technologies, wide support for
connecting to smart phones and other mobile devices, convenient access to the
network, is also widely used for implantable medical systems.
Global
Frequency bands
Category Comments
9 – 315 kHz EU medical implant Not so allocated outside EU
13.56 MHz ISM and SRD RFID transponders for patient ID
27.12 MHz ISM and R/C Congested
40.68 MHz ISM and SRD Protocol restrictions in USA
402 – 405 MHz Medical Implant Comm. Reserved for implants
2.45 GHz
ISM and SRD and
microwave oven 802.11b/g (BT, Wi-Fi)
5.8 GHz ISM 802.11a
Table 2. Radio standards – Implantable Medical devices

14. 2016/5/4
14
May 9, 2016 27
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Antenna design for IMDs
• IMD antenna design is also very challenging due to the size and shape
restrictions, and the complicated working environment in human
bodies. Since the electrical properties of the human tissues varies a
lot with the patients' weight, age, posture changes, etc., the IMD
antennas may adopt different sizes and shapes depending on the
implantation location, which further limits the freedom of the
designer
May 9, 2016 28
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Burst data rate and much longer working time
• It is noted that the data transmission from IMD to EHD sometimes
requires very high burst data rate, while the control/command
information exchange between them requires continuous connection
with a much lower data rate but much longer working time. Since the
power efficiency is a key consideration for IMDs, people have tried
many ways to design communication protocols and circuits to provide
a good compromise between these two types of communication.
However, the huge gap between two types of communication turns to
be the major factor to limit the system efficiency by using a single
band/mode transceiver. A nature solution is to design an IMD
transceiver with multi-band and multi-mode options.

15. 2016/5/4
15
May 9, 2016 29
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Proposed Transceiver
for the IMDs
• A dual-band/mode transceiver architecture
with high energy efficiency
• working in the 400MHz frequency band and
the 2.4GHz band simultaneously with a
shared antenna.
• The 400MHz data link transceiver will be
used for biomedical data transmission from
IMD to a EHD, with a raw data rate of up to
10 Mbps, and the power consumption less
than 10mA current.
• The 2.4GHz Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
protocol transceiver consumes no more
than 5mA current from 1.0V supply, and will
be used to build wireless connection
between the IMD and EHD such as a smart
phone. The BLE transceiver effective data
rate is around tens of kbps.
Dual-Band
ANT
400 MHz Data Link TRX
LNA
PA
LNA
PA
ADC
ADC
ADC
PGA & LPF
PGA & LPF
0o
90o
PFD& CP LPFDIV/2
/2
DCOC &
Auto-tune
FM-I
FM-II
AM
-A
DCOC &
Auto-tune
2.4G Bluetooth Low Energy TRX
400M BPF
2.4G BPF
ADC
PLL
400M
0o
90o
90o
180o
270o
90o
PLL
400M
Phase
selector
Shaping
filter
AGC & DCOC
& Auto-tune
Bloker
Calibration
May 9, 2016 30
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Real time digital signal processing
Case study for two applications

16. 2016/5/4
16
May 9, 2016 31
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Smartcapsule,
chipdesignandapplication
Capsule Endoscopy
2003 2008
Phase I
Research
Phase III
Production
2010
Supporting
Equipment
Phase II
Pre-Application
Sodar 2009.10
2003.04 Applied Patent:
Digital Wireless Capsule
Endoscopy
2004.08 Applied National Key
Technologies R&D Program
2005.04 Patent is Granted
2005 A-SSCC
Demo PCB System
2006.05 support students to
Founded
Beijing E-Core Technology Co.
2006
2008 A-SSCC Student
Design Award, EL 2008.7,
TBCAS 2009.1 CJE 2009.6
Kelvin 2008.6
2006 JSSC
Production-Prototype
2008 Two National 863 Project
with total 18 Million
Sodar
System Design
IC Design
May 9, 2016 32
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Multi-camera capsule (camera ball)
• Whole levels of lower power design
• High energy efficient digital
• Lower power RF/ Aanlog/mix-mode
• Energy transmission through wireless
• The sensor for the movement and
direction of capsule
• Image processing
• Compress and cording
• Reorganization

17. 2016/5/4
17
May 9, 2016 33
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Digital Signal Processing: 2D
representation of pictures
May 9, 2016 34
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Intelligent Hearing Aid - High-performance
hearing aids in two ears
• Ear to ear communications to provide better clarity and Directionality
• Ear - Equipment: Connecting to smartphone, TV, MP3, etc.

18. 2016/5/4
18
May 9, 2016 35
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Wirelesshealth
monitoring
Gastrointestinal
examination
Assistedorthopedic
surgeryNervestimulator
December,
2012
Band-Aid
ECG
Heart
sounds
Monitor
Ph value
Capsule
Capsule
endoscope
Balloon
Endoscopy
Knee pressure
monitoring
Hip posture
monitoring
Gastric
electrical
stimulation
Vagus nerve
stimulator
Cochlear
2001
2005
1997
Knee pressure 2012 clinical
trials
2010 Improved
System
2007
Prototype
capsulesSuccessful
development of SoC,
2006
2009 Clinical trials
2011 Medical Device
Registration
2012 Wireless Power
supply
2012
Balloon prototype
2012 Animal testing
Productive inspection
2009 Prototype
2012 Prototype
Successful
development of SoC,
2000 2010 Prototype
2009 Prototype
Clinical
picture
Wireless Medical and Health
Progress and outlook
May 9, 2016 36
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
One Sentence to academic: If you achieve good
research results, you can get good publications also
• 11 papers published on IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuit (JSSC)
• 35 papers published on IEEE Transactions
• 72 papers published on other Journals cited by Science Citation
Index (SCI)
• 6 papers published in International Conference of Solid-State
Circuit (ISSCC)
• 12 papers published in Custom Integrated Circuits Conference
(CICC)
• 29 papers published in Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference
(A-SSCC)
• 14 papers published in Radio Frequency Integrated Cir. Symp.
(RFIC)
• 75 papers published in IEEE International Symposium on
Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
• 223 papers published in other International Conferences
• Holding 75 Chinese patents
• Holding 4 US patents
11 published books and book chapters

19. 2016/5/4
19
May 9, 2016 37
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Conclusions
• Medical application should be one of the main driving force for
semiconductor
• Medical grade Portable and/or Implantable Medical Systems gives
new challenges in low power and high-speed real-time signal
processing
• To be patient and to cooperate with the medical people
• Application is the source of innovation, long-term persistence is the
key to success
May 9, 2016 38
Zhihua WANG
Tsinghua University
Thank you for your attention
Q&A