2. From the EDITOR
Pathways, catalyzing creativity.
We the team of AOT, are pleased to present
you the first e-magazine of our college.
We are happy to provide you this chemical
knowledge portal which is designed to kin-
dle your engineering temper.
Being a student-run editorial, we aim to
bring chemical engineering and manage-
ment insights from a student perspective to
spotlight the niche areas.
We like to offer you the magazine as a
complete package for the enhancement of
your overall stature. As Pathways is the first
e-magazine of our college, the first issue’s
cover story is on the impact of internet on
chemical company’s marketing and also
comprises of other interesting features.
We wish Pathways, catalyzes your creativity.
Happy Reading!!
Editor
Sindhu Balu
Editorial Team
Chaparala Sree Vidya
Purnima Naresh Mangnani
Vikram Gowrishankar
Maya.P.S
Joint Editorial Team
Hemalatha.J
Nivethika Sundararajan
N.Vinisha
Mehdi Ali Mirza
V.P.Venkateshwaran
Rohit Chanchal
Cover Design
Prasanna Venkatesh.K
-Sindhu Balu
Final Year
ChemE
EDITORIAL BOARD
1
Reach us here:
pathways@chemfluence.com
3. IN SIDE
A PLACE IN THE CROWD
- How chemical companies try to
market themelves in the social media?
Pg 3
WHO AM I??
COVER STORY
Du Pont , The miracles of science!
Insight on
World’s 3rd
Largest
Chemical
Company
Pg 8
With Regards, ChemE
Fundamentals on
partial and vapor
pressure , with laws
included!!
Pg 6
HOW STUFF WORKS?!
Pg 10
2
4. A PLACE IN THE CROWD
“He’s always on face book!! Where
would else I be?” rings the new Voda-
fone ad everywhere.
Facebook! It’s just for young people,
right? No. It’s not.
Gone are those days. The probability
of finding a person who does not have
an online profile in any social network
is fast approaching “Zero.”
With the change in the scene, compa-
nies are grappling with technology to
find new ways to use the internet for
enhanced marketing. At the era when
branding has become the heart of busi-
ness, how do chemical companies,
make relevance in the web space?
Social media marketing does not de-
pend on how tech-savvy the audience
is. It is more about awareness. Social
media can have an impact even in the
rural areas. No one earlier imagined the
immense penetration levels that cell
phones and televisions have today in
rural India. Over a period of time peo-
ple tend to adapt to technology.
– Sindhu Balu, Final Year, ChemE
3
5. For a bigger company it is easier in
terms of visibility but at the same time
it might be difficult because of the dif-
ferent policies and approval require-
ments that they have. It is relatively
easier for small businesses.
What makes them enter cyber space?
To make people know their existence! To show the world who is be-
hind every product they use every day in every way.
To leverage greater competitive advantage using social media. It’s
an investment.
To fascinate younger population by kindling their interest in math
and science (We’re their vast pool of future employees)
To focus on product brands and application-driven communications;
target emerging markets;
Social Media
Social media marketing has several advantages
for small organizations. Since not many people
are doing it now, they can leverage the early
mover advantage. Most of the social media sites
are free, so in terms of investment, there is
hardly any cost involved except perhaps for time.
For a bigger company it is easier in terms of visi-
bility but at the same time it might be difficult
because of the different policies and approval
requirements that they have. Thus Social net-
working is not the only form of new media being
embraced by the chemical industry - which real-
izes that it must move with the times.
4
6. Did you know?!
Cosmetifique, an iPod application from a chemical firm will revolutionize the
way you buy cosmetics. When you look for its ingredients, it will show you bubbles
of different colors (green for good, yellow for acceptable, orange for not good, red
for awful).
Another app is "Chemical Elements," which is aimed at students and teachers. De-
veloped at the UK's Nottingham University, it is a mini touchable periodic table that
links to Wikipedia.
So, if you find yourself using this application think how a chemical firm reaches to
you!!
The internet may be well understood, but many companies are still grappling with
how it can be used to market both products and brands
More to explore!
Search for major chemical conglomer-
ates like BASF, Dow, Du Pont, Exxon
Mobil in the social media( You tube,
Face book). Informative articles and
videos on ‘ What’s happening?’ and
‘ How their products are innovative?’
are sure to intrigue you!
Although social media marketing is a relatively recent concept, it has rede-
fined the way businesses are implementing marketing campaigns. With the
online medium providing mass reach and low cost benefits, social media mar-
keting is a powerful tool not just for big companies but also for small entre-
preneurial start-ups. Businesses must creatively use social media marketing
and come up with innovative campaigns to reach out to customers and build a
successful brand.
5
7. With Regards,
ChemE
-Purnima Naresh Mangnani
Final yr, ChemE
X: Hey what is that law that connects va-
por pressure and partial pressure??
Y: It’s the Henry’s Law, no wait…Raoult’s
Law.. Or Dalton’s Law?
Z: Hey dude, I don’t get the difference be-
tween vapor pressure and partial pressure
itself… X you’re talking about the relation-
ship between the two da …
I must have had that discussion at least 5
times in my third year. Vapor pressure and
partial pressure and total pressure may
seem real simple to someone who likes to
read definitions with complete under-
standing and perhaps remember them.
However most of us tend to get confused
at the very first level. Then relating them
and understanding deviations from those
relationships or applying them in the dry-
ing/wet bulb temperature concept of
mass transfer may not be child’s play if
one is not absolutely clear about the fun-
damentals.
Hence let’s state everything in simple
terms:
Vapor pressure: One pure liquid is placed
in a container without any vapor/gas
(Hope you get the difference between the
two) inside it. The liquid tends to vaporize
due to a difference in concentration i.e.
liquid is 100% concentrated and the sur-
rounding has 0%.
Hence the liquid thinks that it’s inca-
pable of being at rest (lowest state of
energy) and wants to pass into the va-
por form. The pressure (force/area)
exerted by the vapor on the walls of
the container is called vapor pressure.
It is important to remember that va-
por pressure always pertains to a liq-
uid placed in a container.;
Vapor Pressure
Partial Pressure
6
8. Therefore in answer to X’s question, the answer is Raoult’s Law.
Partial Pressure: Let’s consider now that
instead of a vacuum we place the pure
liquid in a container containing air. There
will still be a concentration difference be-
tween the gas and the liquid which will
facilitate vaporization. Now the vapor
along with air in the container will exert
a pressure on the walls on the container
called total pressure. The pressure that is
exerted by the vapor alone is called the
partial pressure of the liquid.
Now we’re in a position to have a look at
the 3 confusing laws (Please remember
that these laws mainly describe solution
or gaseous mixture behavior.):
Dalton’s Law of partial pressures: Ptotal =
p1 + p2 +…. pn
Assuming that the various components
of the mixture do not react
pi = yiPtotal (simple mathematical manipu-
lation)
The total pressure exerted by a
gaseous mixture is equal to the
sum of the partial pressures of each in-
dividual component in a gas mixture.
Henry’s Law: pi = kh xi
At a constant temperature, the amount
of a component willing to go from one
phase to another depends on its con-
centration in both the phases.
Raoult’s Law:
pi =xi p*
The above relationship shows that the
partial pressure of any component in a
liquid solution is a function of its con-
centration in the liquid form and its
ability to go into the vapor phase i.e. its
vapor pressure. Thus the total vapor
pressure (considering pure solution in a
vacuum container) of the solution is
p = pA
*
xA + pB
*
xB…
60 SECONDS
Those stars and colours you see when you rub your eyes are
called phosphenes
Wearing headphones for just one hour will multiply the
number of bacteria in your ear 700 times.
If you are locked in a completely sealed room, you will die of
carbon dioxide poisoning before you will die of oxygen
deprivation.
7
9. WHO AM I ?!
Du Pont, The miracles of science
"We are a market-driven science company; A simple statement.
- This applies to us whether we are operating at the peak of the economic cycle or
during a global recession. I believe that innovation is a critical lever for DuPont in
all parts of our business at all times and it enables us to achieve our short-term
and our long-term growth goals."
- Ellen J. Kullman, CEO,Du Pont
Through science, the world is safer,
more efficient and more comfortable –
a better place. It is science that has
provided the foundation for every his-
toric breakthrough at DuPont since its
creation.
Invention and innovation are the two adjec-
tives which one can find in all pages of their
lexicon and their success has always been
promising through these i-philic words.
They have been serving all the sectors from
grass root innovation namely agriculture, nu-
trition, electronics, communications, safety,
protection, construction, transportation and
apparel and the list goes on.
Du Pont founded by Eleuthère Irénée du Pont
is above 200 years old and takes us back to
1802, where it made its mark as an explosive
company, manufacturing gunpowder. Conse-
quently became the largest supplier of gun-
powder to United States military.
Dupont practically demonstrated the theo-
retical aspect “Ambitions are the sledges for
success” through its so called “commercial
expedition.”
he company though started as a manufacturer
of gun powder, expanded and started the pro-
duction of dynamite and smokeless products.
Driven by strong thirst of science they estab-
lished the first Industrial laboratory in the US.
But, today, every letter of the alphabet finds
place in Du Pont’s product line.
Du Pont has been an intrinsic ingredient which
caters the needs of all industries, which follows
the footsteps of a director or a story writer
concealed behind the scenes of appreciation.
DuPont businesses are organized into the fol-
lowing five categories, known as marketing
"platforms":
Electronic and Communication Tech-
nologies,
Performance Materials,
Coatings and Color Technologies,
Safety and Protection,
Agriculture and Nutrition catalyzing
Area of interest!! What not?
Agriculture, Animal Health, Building & Con-
struction , Electronics Energy & Utilities , En-
zymes, Food and Beverage, Government
8
10. Health Care & Medical , Industrial Biotech, Manu-
facturing, Packaging & Graphic Arts Plastics Safety
& Protection Transportation .
Places of operation!!Where not?
DuPont has its headquarters at Wilmington,
Delaware, USA.Major manufacturing sites in-
clude the Spruance plant near Richmond, Vir-
ginia (currently the company's largest plant),
the Mobile Manufacturing Center(MMC) in
Axis, Alabama, the Bayport plant
near Houston, Texas, the Mechelen site
in Belgium, and the Changshu site in China.
Its wide horizon binds continents like Asia and
Europe. DuPont has hubs located in China,
Japan, Taiwan, India, Germany and Switzer-
land with an average investment of
$1.3 billion annually. They have been inces-
santly expanding their R&D facilities. It is its
diversity that distinguishes them.
Just to name a few…
Disinfectants that act as a terminator in the
“germ world”, lubricants for the amicability
between the road surface and the circular
body, photo tooling films which are widely
used in the manufacture of leading edge
printed circuit boards, weed control products,
inoculants, herbicides which paves way for the
efficient production of crops on which 60% of
the Indian population rely on, Fuel cell com-
ponents, non ozone depleting HFC refriger-
ants, Enamels for vehicles that gives them a
staggering glossy appearance that leaves any
homo sapien gaping on.
DuPont also manufactures Surlyn, which is used for
the covers of golf balls, and, more recently, the body
panels of the Club Car Precedent golf cart. As of
2011, DuPont is the largest producer of titanium di-
oxide in the world. It’s just a never ending list of
products as it goes on and keeps the scientists scour-
ing their brains for “mind to dig more”
Major shareholders include State Street corporation,
Barclays Bank Plc, Taunus Corporation, Wellington
Management Company, Vanguard Group, Morgan
Stanley, Wellington Trust Company, Mellon Bank.
.
The DuPont Commitment
The core direction of DuPont is Sustain-
able Growth—the creation of societal
value while they make diligent attempts
to reduce our environmental footprint.
They have started a Global Collabaratory
which aims at togetherness towards sus-
tainability to focus on what matters most.
Thus, Du Pont truly taps the miracles of
science!
-Chaparala Sree Vidya
Final yr, ChemE
Maya.P.S
Final yr, PRPC
9
11. How stuff works?!
Pressure cooker
What is a pressure cooker?
It is a special airtight cooking pot that does not permit air or liquids to escape be-
low a preset pressure. They have pressure gauges and regulators, redundant safety
seals, locking pins and steam vents.
WORKING
Works on the principle that as pressure in-
creases so does the temperature (i.e. boil-
ing point of water) and that water is a more
effective way of heat transfer than air. As
it’s sealed tightly with a lid, the steam can’t
escape and the increased pressure inside
the pot delays the water and/or other liq-
uids inside the pot from boiling until it
reaches a much higher temperature. As a
result, the cooking process is sped up con-
siderably.
Advantages:
Pressure-cooking can cook foods in 1/3 the ordinary time on aver-
age and often over 10 times faster.
Will retain the nutritional value and moisture of foods.
Food tastes better.
Effective cooking, i.e. all parts of food are boiled equally.
Steam has six times the heat potential when it condenses on a cool
food product. Very high heat transfer rates.
Less energy is required than when boiling, steaming or oven cook-
ing, particularly if multiple foods are cooked at once.
Cooking under pressure??!
10
12. Interesting Facts:
Why isn't the food pulverized?
It's all in the physics: As long as
pressure is uniform on all surfaces
of an object, it won't be distorted.
Altitude effect
At high altitudes the boiling point of
water decreases, so food takes
longer to cook, therefore, by in-
creasing the pressure, as in a pres-
sure cooker, the temperature at
which water boils is raised and the
food is cooked more quickly.
Various names
The pressure cooker has been called with various names .The first version
was called the “digester” built as early as 1679. Large pressure cookers are
called “pressure canners”. The ones used in hospitals to sterilize materials are
called “autoclave”. In the food industry they are called “canning retorts”.
-Hemalatha.J
Nivethika Sundararajan
Third Yr, ChemE
Today’s Pressure cooker!!
Language snack!
Homophones are words that are pro-
nounced the same, but differ in mean-
ing.
They can be spelt the same:
My favorite flower is the rose.
The sun rose up in the sky.
Or they can be spelt differently:
Would you like a cup of tea?
This desk is made of wood.
An Oronym is a homophone made up of
multiple words. Try saying these and see
how similar they sound.
depend --- deep end
four candles --- fork handles
example --- egg sample
I scream --- ice-cream
I spy --- ice pie
present it --- presented
mayday --- maid day
to add it --- to edit
catch up --- ketchup
a notion --- an ocean
the stuff he knows --- the stuffy nose
choose a name --- choose an aim
can't you see that I love you --- can't
you see that aisle of view
11
13. OUR MAJOR SPONSORS
Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Orchid) was established in 1992 as a 100% Export Ori-
ented Unit (EOU). Commencing operations in 1994, Orchid has achieved amazing and consistent
growth, quantitatively and qualitatively to emerge among the Top-15 companies in the Indian
pharmaceutical industry in a short span of fifteen years of operations.
Orchid's growth and positioning in the global pharmaceutical industry are indeed distinctive. A
robust leadership position in the antibiotics space, a core competence in oral and sterile manu-
facturing, a broad-based multi-therapeutic coverage and an end-to-end connectivity over the
pharmaceutical value chain, from discovery to delivery, have positioned Orchid uniquely.
Orchid is a leader in the use of environment friendly technologies. Orchid has invested substan-
tially in zero-discharge manufacturing processes at its facilities and is considered a national show-
case in environmental friendliness.
Vision
Enriching Lives through Innovation in Healthcare
Mission
"Discovery to Delivery"
Orchid is a vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with established research, manufactur-
ing and marketing capabilities across multi-therapeutic domains. We successfully leverage our
penchant for science and technology to create niche products and manufacturing platforms lead-
ing to attractive growth.
Chennai Petroleum Cor-
poration Limited (CPCL) is
a world class Refining
Company with dominant
presence in South India.
CPCL, formerly known as
Madras Refineries Limited
CPCL plays the role of a Mother Industry sup-
plying feed stocks to the neighboring indus-
tries in Manali. CPCL’s products are marketed
through IOCL. CPCL’s products are mostly
consumed domestically except Naphtha, Fuel
Oil and Lubes which are partly exported.
CPCL has also made pioneering efforts in the
field of Energy and Water Conservation by
setting up a Wind Farm and Sewage Reclama-
tion and Sea Water Desalination Plants.
Today it enjoy the status of a global entity with
operations in four countries; eight manufactur-
ing plant locations in India and one each in UAE,
Thailand and South Africa. The market leader in
most of its businesses in its home market in In-
dia, SRF is the world's 2nd largest manufacturer
of both the Nylon 6 tyre cord as well as the belt-
ing fabrics. SRF strives to ensure faster integra-
tion of people, procedures and practices across
global entities to build synergies and create
value for its stakeholders.
The multi-business corporate
group SRF with head quarters
in Gurgaon, India has over
the years expanded its foot-
prints beyond the national
boundaries.
