Running head SELF ESTEEM METHODS1SELF ESTEEM METHODS.docx

Running head: SELF ESTEEM: METHODS
1
SELF ESTEEM: METHODS
3
Self Esteem:Methods Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Spacing. Otherwise everything is okay.
Self Esteem: Methods
The methodical approach that is applied in understanding
self-esteem is empirical research. Many controversial debates
have been done to understand the concept and truth about self-
esteem. Many people just get around the fact that self-esteem
can influence the ability of the children to study and succeed in
education (Franck, 2007). Other people just claim with the new
hypothesis that has been drawn from the research conclusions of
the studies that have been done so far about self-esteem
(Govier, 2013).Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is an
interesting start though the sentence doesn’t actually say much.
Still, it works. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Okay. This
additional material helps create a stronger introduction.
However, in getting the results of self-esteem, research can
be done by both qualitative and quantitative methods (Govier,

2013). These methods of research can be applied in trying to
understand self-esteem where the experiments that ask the
respondents how favorably they can regard themselves.
Questionnaires are used to collect data in this case that have
questions that ask the respondents to agree or not agree with
statements such as “I feel I can make it in life.” Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Yes, but . . . what are these different
approaches about? Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: You offer
a couple of examples but don’t pair wither experiments or
questionnaires with either approach.
The statements are directed to the fact that self-esteem is
based on what the subjects says about themselves and it
worthwhile to note that self-report measures are rather
problematic(Franck, 2007). Sometimes they can tell us about
someone’s wishes but not their real status. However, since the
other methods that have been suggested to understand self-
esteem are yet to be empirically validated, the only addition
method is an analysis of other research that has been done by
other researchers. There is experimental research that has been
done so far on the impact and the working of self-esteem and
variables that influence this change can provide very interesting
resources. The resources that will be required will be a list of
questionnaires, respondents and around a period of one month to
gather data that has been collected through research (Franck,
2007). Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: say Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: What would be the value of analyzing all
the research if none of it has been empirically validated?
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: additional Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: I don’t quite follow you. I don’t know what
hypothesis is being tested or what design you propose to use.
Much better clarification is needed.
References
Franck, E., & De Raedt, R. (2007). Self-esteem reconsidered:
Unstable self-esteem outperforms level of self-esteem as
vulnerability marker for depression. Behavior Research and

Therapy, 45(7), 1531-1541. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Italicize.
Govier, T. (2013). Self-Trust, Autonomy, and Self-Esteem.
Hypatia, 8(1), 99-120. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Capitalization incorrect. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Italicize.
Week 7, Assignment 2 Instructor Feedback
Thank you, for your work on this assignment. Below is the
rubric for this assignment.
Following the rubric you will find a summary of my remarks.
However, please be sure
to also examine my comments on your paper.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
· Define qualitative and quantitative research methods used in
social psychology research.
· Explain the two research methodologies. Which one is a better
choice to be used in social psychology research.
· The research hypothesis of the project.
· Detailed description of the methodology used in your research,
including, but not limited to, participants (if relevant), time
frames, and materials or resources required.
11
Used correct spelling, grammar, professional vocabulary, and
APA format.
3
Total:
14
Your paper looks like you were a bit at sea. Note the matters
I’ve bolded in the criteria; I tried to address these in my margin
notes, too. You don’t need to be real long in doing so, but you
need to offer a clear deficintion of both qualitative and
quantitative before offering examples of each. I also need a
clear hypothesis—a testable statement related to proposed

research. If you offer one, it eludes me. Finally, you don’t need
to tell me about the problems in researching the topic. Instead
you have to suggest a practical way you would do so. I hope
that helps in revising this. If you missed my email on the
assignment I recommend looking at it.
SPL_DC_Instructions_INCOMPLETE.docx
Discussion and Conclusion
This week, you will create the Discussion and Conclusion
section of your research proposal. In a proposal such as this
what you will also need to include is your expected results. The
expected results are based on a number of factors including
what you learned from your literature review on similar
research as well as what you learned from your course readings
thus far.
The difference between a great research paper and a marginal
one is the depth and originality of the discussion and
conclusions section. The discussion/conclusion section is where
you bring together what you learned from the literature review
(as well as through the course) in your concluding remarks
regarding your topic.
· Provide an overview of the expected results
· Develop a conclusion of your research proposal
Include information on the ramifications of the study, its
limitations, and the potential for future research studies
SPL_INTRODUCTION_Instructions_INCOMPLETE.docx
The Introduction
This week, you will develop the introduction section of your
research proposal.
· Title page of your research proposal,
· Introduction to your research proposal. The introduction is not
part of the literature review. The introduction provides a
general overview of the topic being covered. To gain a better
understanding of what an introduction is comprised of review

the various introductions in the journal articles you used for
your literature review.
Include in the introduction the purpose and research hypothesis
of your project
SPL_METHODS_Instructions_INCOMPLETE.docx
Methods Section
This week, you will create the Methodology section of your
research proposal. In this section, you will review the research
methodologies (both qualitative and quantitative) used in social
psychology research. To gain a better understanding of the
methods use review the methodology sections of the articles you
found for your literature review.
Include in your work:
· Define qualitative and quantitative research methods used in
social psychology research.
· Explain of the two research methodologies which one is a
better choice to be used in social psychology research.
· The research hypothesis of the project
Detailed description of the methodology used in your research,
including, but not limited to, participants (if relevant), time
frames, and materials or resources required
Updated_SPL_LR_6.doc
Running head: CYBERBULLYING: SELF-ESTEEM,
LONELINESS AND EMPATHY 1
CYBERBULLYING: SELF-ESTEEM, LONELINESS AND
EMPATHY
5
Cyberbullying: Self-Esteem, loneliness and empathy
Name
Institution

Date
Cyberbullying is an exceptional phenomenon, recognized from
any form of traditional bullying by the rate at which data is
distributed, perpetual quality of material and accessibility of
casualties. There is, however, a scarcity of examination around
there, and few studies have inspected the variables adding to
cyberbullying. A study has examined contribution of empathy,
self-esteem as well as loneliness on cyberbullying execution
and exploitation (Sapounaa, 2013).
Young people 16–18 years were enlisted from Further Education
schools. Standard different relapses uncovered that together,
self-esteem, furthermore dejection and sympathy anticipated
levels of cyberbullying execution. Self-esteem was a singular
critical indicator of cyberbullying, such that those with low
self-esteem were well on the way to report the experience of
cyberbullying. Sympathy was a noteworthy indicator of
cyberbullying execution, such that as sympathy decreases, the
probability of an increase in cyberbullying. These discoveries
demonstrate that self-esteem and compassion mediations might
effectively address cyberbullying conduct (Sapounaa, 2013).
The conventional method highlights so as to harass writing
has educated cyber bullying research a scope of components
which might expand the occurrence of online harassing as well
as any possible results of the conduct. Social connections give a
scope of advantages that may not be accessible to forlorn young
people, for example, the chance to improve.
It’s very crucial to note that these factors play a great role in
promoting cyberbullying. In fact, a study has shown that
Compassion incorporates the sharing and understanding of
another's enthusiastic state. Research has reliably distinguished
connections in the middle of compassion and execution of

forceful and reserved conduct, paying little respect to the sort
of harassing or culprit sexual orientation. The experience of
cyberbullying might differ broadly as per setting and individual
variables. Casualties and culprits of cyberbullying show an
extent on negative results, and it is imperative in this manner to
create interventions focused on this conduct. These measures
are prone to be psychosocial in nature (Sapounaa, 2013).
In psychology and sociology, self-esteem reflects a person's
overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her worth. It
can be defined as the judgment of oneself and attaching a
particular attitude to oneself. Early youths and mid-young
people from Germany and Israel were contemplated.
Respondents depicted their social distinguishing proof as
relatives, and as individuals from the larger part national
gathering appropriately reported self-esteem issues. A
longitudinal, cross-sectional and culturally diverse outline
uncovered numerous social distinguishing pieces of proof
related emphatically to self-esteem simultaneously; they
additionally related absolutely to self-esteem through the span
of a year. Also, numerous social recognizable pieces of proof
were observed to be a precursor to self-esteem, not the other
way around. At long last, various social distinguishing pieces of
evidence were found to diminish after some time. The article
talks about the commitment of numerous social distinguishing
bits of evidence to self-esteem at various ages and in different
settings (Schmitt, 2005).
Young people's lives are inserted in rich social settings, as they
are associated with numerous social gatherings and assume
numerous common parts. Their subjective sentiment
consideration in a specific community or part is a vital piece of
their advancing character. Surprisingly, be that as it may, just a
modest bunch of studies have inspected the collective impact of
social IDs. Also, in spite of the fact that there is sufficient
exploration archiving that a solitary social recognizable proof is

decidedly connected with self-esteem in youth just a couple
thinks about to consider the relations between different
distinguishing pieces of proof and self-esteem (Schmitt, 2005).
In the study, three parts of various social recognizable pieces of
proof were examined. To begin with, the researchers asked
whether self-esteem is past the positive association with single
social IDs. Also, whether it would be identified with the
aggregation of numerous social recognizable pieces of proof.
Based on the character amassing speculation it was suggested
that young people with the more social distinguishing test will
appreciate more elevated amounts of self-esteem contrasted
with those with less social IDs. It is not just the substance of
particular social distinguishing proof that matters to self-esteem
but, also, the expanded number of IDs (Schmitt, 2005).
On a pragmatic level, instructive projects meant to enhance
young people's adjustments Furthermore, to upgrade their
prosperity ought to incorporate a part to improve social
identifications. Possessing a feeling of fitting in with vital
social settings, for example, school, family, and the country
may bolster and keep up instructive project results and lift
young people's scholarly inspiration as well as self-esteem.
References
Sapounaa, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Resilience to bullying
victimization: The role of
The individual, family and peer characteristics. Child Abuse
and Neglect, 73,
997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.009.
Schmitt, D. P (2005). Simultaneous administration of the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific
features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 89(4), 623

SPL_TR_2.2.docx
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW: SELF-ESTEEM
1
LITERATURE REVIEW: SELF-ESTEEM 4
Literature Review: Self-esteem
The constructive self-development theory was developed in an
attempt to combine the crucial elements of various personality
theories. This was so that the theory could provide physicians
with an integrative developmental approach to treating the
complex and the often confusing sequel that is being presented
by various trauma survivors. A proposed theory was used, and it
emphasized the effects of self-trust and self-intimacy on self-
esteem. After the theory had been tested, it was found that the
results were consistent with the CSDT’s derived hypothesis. It
stated that self-intimacy and self-trust each accounted for
significant independent variance in self-esteem schemes.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: In interesting opening, as
it is not apparent how it ties to the topic. Source? Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Good. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
This should have appeared first right after the words it
abbreviates. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: As noted
previously, APA does not allow extra space between
paragraphs.
The findings too were consistent with the overall theoretical
model presented that had implications for clinical intervention
and theory. The study had some flaws such as the causal
relations posited by CSDT cannot be confirmed using the cross

section data second the participation of each study represented a
small minority of the potential subject pool. Third the
measurement via self-administered questionnaires may have
increased the possibility that common method variance played a
role in the observed statistical relationship. Lastly, future
research on this topic has to determine the degree in which self-
trust, self-intimacy and self-esteem are an independent
construct. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This seems like
decent analysis, though no citation has ever identified what
article is being discussed!
The longitudinal analysis is on social capital, relationship, and
internet use. Social capital can be referred to a positive gesture
where one receives benefits from the social
relationship(Lin,1999) or the negative of it is that non-group
members are excluded or denied access to benefits as
members(Helliwell &Putnam, 2004). After tests were done, the
results finally showed that Facebook users lead to a greater
bridging social capacity after controlling for general internet
use and measure of psychological well-being. However, the
results also showed that those with a higher self-esteem and
greater satisfaction in life reported a higher bridging social
capacity in two years as expected. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: What study? There is no title or citation to provide me
any clue. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Here is a citation
with no reference. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: And here
is another; like the prior one the spacing is also off.
The article showed that Facebook provided the technical support
needed for social interactions to occur. A conclusion was drawn
that Facebook users should be continued over time so as to
explore the relationship between Facebook use and the social
capital. Also, adults should be engaged in Facebook so as to
impact their accumulation of bridging social capital.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Okay, this offers some
analysis, though not such that I can see how this article is a
good fit with this paper.
The two studies have shown how the self-esteem of a person can

be boosted. They have shown the relationship between the
internet and the personality of the people and how they come in
the society (Bargh J & McKennan K, 2004). The internet can
help someone grow socially and boost their self-esteem. Also,
we have seen how self-intimacy and self-trust can make one be
confident and have a better self-esteem. One’s a person
develops the self-trust and the self-intimacy then they start
viewing things differently from how they used to take them that
was negatively, but now it will be positive. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Really? I didn’t exactly get that from what
you provided. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is the third
citation without a reference.
References
Black, A. E., & Pearlman, L. A. (1997). Self-esteem as a
mediator between beliefs about self and beliefs about others.
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(1), 57-76.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1997.16.1.57 Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: These are almost perfect; eliminate the extra
space between entries (and chane the comma to a period for the
second entry.
Steinfield C., Ellison N. B.,& Lampe C. (2008). Social capital,
self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A
longitudinal analysis, Journal of Applied Developmental
Psychology, 29(6), 434-445,
rubric for this assignment. Following the rubric you will find a
summary of my remarks. However, please be sure to also
examine my comments on your paper.
Maximum Points
· Wrote a short summary for each article.
· Wrote a brief analysis (one to two paragraphs) and related

each analysis to your course and textbook readings.
12
APA format.
3
Total:
15
Your paper baffled me. I felt I was generous in my scoring
because the material presented just didn’t succeed in providing
much of what was needed to [a] show what article was being
discussed, [b] show how that article was really pertinent to your
paper, or [c] show consistency between summary and analysis.
Literature reviews need at least a citation for what is being
summarized. I don’t know that these sources were particularly
strong choices, but aside from that they need to shed more
illumination on how they fit your project. I did appreciate your
willingness to look at both these articles and wrestle them into
service of your paper. Regards
SPL_TR_3.2.docx
1
LITERATURE REVIEW: SELF-ESTEEM 4

Literature Review
The first article to be reviewed is Testing sociometer theory:
Self-esteem and the importance of acceptance for social
decision-making. The results from this literature are diverse,
and they are also amazing. It was discovered that when people
are about to decide on individual social actions, they have to
determine the expected social outcomes. The social outcome
must be the effect of that or these actions to the society as a
whole. It was also discovered that low self-esteem people base
their decisions on acceptance. This is an indication that a person
with low self-esteem can do anything just to be accepted by the
society, meaning that the decisions of a low esteem person are
based on what the society will think of his or her. On the
contrary, the high self-esteem people are said to be confident ad
they believe in what they do. This kind of people doesn't expect
others always to comply with their decisions (Danu Anthony,
Joanne Wood, and John Holmes 2005). The results indicated
that the people with low sociometer are mostly afraid to make a
decision which is socially related. They are always afraid that
others might turn them down. People with high self-esteem were
said to have a great sociometer. These people are confident
about the future and in their decisions. The low self-esteem
people were discovered to have doubts about the future
outcomes of their decisions. The low self-esteem people can,
therefore, be said to be pessimists. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: PLEASE see my announcement on APA style. This is
incorrect. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This sentence is
weak and it would better if deleted. Comment by Gregory G.

Bolich: This summary puts things together very logically with
good development. The paragraph should end here. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: This adds nothing you haven’t said
sufficiently above and should be deleted so you come closer to
providing a “short” summary.
Self-esteem is very crucial in decision making. Analysis has
shown that self-esteem determines the behaviors of many kids.
Most people who lack self-esteem found it hard to relate to
people who seem to of high self-esteem. The readings have
indicated that people with low self-esteem usually look down
upon themselves, and they consider themselves to be the
minority in the society. The analysis also shows that high self-
esteem leads to great confidence, and it can sometimes lead to
overconfidence which is not good. Readings show that most
decisions that are made by people are based on others. It is not
always about policy makers themselves, but it’s about the
society. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is interesting
and good commentary, but it is not analysis utilizing “course
and textbook readings.” It could have been—but it is not.
The second article to be reviewed, Is Self-Esteem a Cause
or Consequence of Social Support? A 4-Year Longitudinal
Study, was based on the question contained within its title. The
results showed that self-esteem can be both a cause and an
effect of social support. The results also indicate that there is a
strong relationship between self-esteem and social support.
Most people gain self-esteem due to the past happenings which
were in support of the individual hence the person developed
his liking and confidence. This means that self-esteem is a
consequence of social support. It tries to describe that people
with low self-esteem received less social support in their lives
hence the effects of weak support in a manner social results in
low self-esteem. The results wanted to determine how much
self-esteem is a cause or a consequence of social support. These
two ideas are interrelated. This is because after one has gained
esteem due to support in the society, the person is confident
enough to convince people to convince them. Social support can

also be a consequence of self-esteem in that a person receives
support from other because the person has high self-esteem
(Asendorpf, Van Aken, 2003). People with self-esteem are even
shy of convincing others to believe in their ideas. The results
also indicated that social support is the perception that people
will provide the expected support in times of need. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: A correctly done article title immediately
followed by a citation is needed. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: Good! Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: What results?
You haven’t indicated any experimental study or other design
that produced any results, so this is very vague. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: You said that in the sentence above.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Okay. This offers some
development. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: I still don’t
know what results we’re talking about, but this seems an
important point. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This
paragraph is very circuitous and repetitive. It very much needs
to be written more tightly and with a specification of what
results you are talking about.
The analysis in this article indicates that one can gain self-
esteem through social support. It has been discovered that
parents who support the decisions of their children help the
child to grow to have high self-esteem. These people with high
self-esteem, therefore, expect support when they do something.
Social support can also be a consequence if self-esteem. People
always want to help a person who seems confident about
themselves. Studies have shown that social support and self-
esteem are highly interrelated and that it is difficult for a
society to help a person with low self-esteem. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: It is your analysis, not the article’s, that this
section is about. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is
general and basically repeats the summary information. Please
review the criteria for the analysis material.

References Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: These should
appear on a separate page; the heading is correct.
Anthony, D. B., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2007). Testing
sociometer theory: Self-esteem Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: Correct.
and the importance of acceptance for social decision-making.
Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology,43(3), 425-432. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
Asendorpf, J. B., & Aken, M. A. (2003). Personality-
relationship transaction in adolescence: Comment by Gregory
G. Bolich: This does not need to be capitalized.
core versus surface personality characteristics. Journal of
Personality,71(4), 629-666.
Retrieved January 30, 2016.
Marshall, S. L., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C.
(2013). Is self-esteem a cause or
consequence of social support? A 4-year longitudinal study.
Child
Development,85(3), 1275-1291. Retrieved January 30, 2016.

Maximum Points
12.5
APA format.
3.5
Total:
16
Your paper has made some progress, but would provide from
spending some quality time with my APA style announcement.
The content is a little uneven. I don’t have a quarrel you’re your
choices, but aim to provide short summaries that avoid
repetition and stay at what matters most; your first summary is
better than your second. For the analyses, please take note of
the bolded material above in the rubric box. Regards,
SPL_TR_4.2.docx
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW
1
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Running head form is
fine, but it should be in the same font as the rest of the paper.

Literature Review
Self-esteem is known to have a big effect on the psychological
health of people and this first article seeks to analyze the
relationship between self-esteem and depression as well as
anxiety. This is because depression is not only known to be an
indicator of one’s low psychological adjustment but is also
considered to be a major health concern worldwide. It is
important to identify the various measures that can be used to
determine someone’s self-esteem. The scales include the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Janis-Field Feelings of
Inadequacy Scale Self –Liking Scale and Texas Social Behavior
Inventory. The basis of all the scales is the fact that the person
whose self-esteem is being measured reflects on his or her self-
worth (Orth U. and Sowislo J, 2013). Comment by Gregory
G. Bolich: What first article? You provide no title or citation!
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is short, but an
incomplete summary, so I’m guessing I’’ get more summary,
which will then mean this section isn’t short. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: The spacing between paragraphs remains
incorrect.
The analysis carried out brought about several findings in
relation to depression and anxiety. One was that the findings
supported the vulnerability model in that they indicated that low
self-esteem is seen to heavily contribute to depression.
Secondly, the findings indicated that there is a symmetric
relationship between self-esteem and anxiety. The other
analysis referred to as a moderator analysis indicated that there
was no significant influence of gender and age on the results
that indicated that low self-esteem contributes to depression. It
is also key to note that the analysis showed weak support for the
scar model which aimed to show that depression was eroding
self-esteem (Orth U. and Sowislo J, 2013). Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: This is actually better than the previous
paragraph. But what you need to do is to revise this so that the
two paragraphs are one short paragraph of summary that
highlights what matters most.

It is clear from the first article that low self-esteem is a great
contributor to depression and that those that have low self-
esteem will show more anxiety compared to those with high
self-esteem. It is thus used by most clinicians as an indicator of
depression since it is considered a symptom of depression. T is
said that over time, those that have low self-esteem are likely to
develop depression (Venzin, 2013). Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: This is not strong analysis. It offers a brief restatement
and a blog statement as a supporting source.
Social support is very important and human beings at one point
or another need social support. Unfortunately, social support
may not be effective even though the providers may have good
intentions when they provide it. This may be seen among people
who are considered not easy to cheer up when they are faced by
an issue. The article showed that when it comes to personal
failures, those people with low self-esteem had minimal
response when being given or offered positive reframing
support. They were also found to be self-verifying, that is, they
acted in a way that showed that they maintain the views that
they had of themselves despite the views being negative.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: What article? There is no
title or citation anywhere here.
One thing that people with low self-esteem (LSE) shared with
those that have a high self-esteem is that they both are fully
aware or believe that the positive reframing that is being
offered is aimed at making them feel good. From the study
carried out and analyzed in the article, it was also clear that
those that offered the support found it easier to offer negative
validation rather than positive reframing support to LSEs.
Another finding relates to the expectations of the support
providers as well as the LSEs when it comes to sharing a
failure. The LSEs who shares their failures with other people
were seen to be less positive about the interaction. The
providers were also less positive about the interaction
(Marigold, Cavallo, Holmes and Wood, 2014). Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: If this is what matters most in the article,

than this is all that needs to be offered for the summary, though
I think it would be best again to combine this paragraph with
the preceding one into a tight, short summary.
It is also clear from this article that LSEs have a self-
verification habit in that once they have a negative view of
themselves in case of failure, any kind of support or positive
reframing is not likely to have an influence on them. This is
seen to influence even those that are supposed to offer the
support to the LSEs when they are faced with a crisis. This is
seen from the findings of the article in that those who offer the
support are more reluctant to offer positive reframing support to
LSEs because they see that it will not have an effect on them.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is commentary on
the article, and interesting as such, but not so much analysis
along the lines of the criteria.
REFERENCES Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: All of this
needs significant attention. You would profit from using my
feedback and the materials placed in the classroom.
Sowislo F. J. & Orth U. (2013). Does Low Self-Esteem Predict
Depression and Anxiety? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal
Studies. Psychological bulletin, 139(1), 213-240.
Marigold D. C., Cavallo V. J., Holmes G. J. & Wood V. J.
(2014). You Can’t Always Give What You Want: The Challenge
of Providing Social Support to Low Self-Esteem Individuals.
Journal of personality and social psychology, 107(1), 56-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036554
Venzin E. (2013). Is Low Self-Esteem Making You Vulnerable
to Depression? Retrieved
fromhttp://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2014/03/29/is-low-
self-esteem-making-you-vulnerable-to-depression/ on February
5, 2016

Maximum Points
13.5
APA format.
3
Total:
16.5
Your paper chooses interesting materials and you make some
interesting remarks about them. The summaries suggest some
problem deciding what to include and thus erring on including
more rather than less. They need to be shorter (see criterion 1
above) and more tightly focused. The analyses are brief, but
tend more toward your personal commentary and less to
connecting the article to our social psychology sources and
concepts. The idea is to assess the article and show how some
point made by it has relevance to your project and to our work.
Regards,
SPL_TR_5.2.docx
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Running head and page

number are correct.
The article, “Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years:
A longitudinal study”, examines the development of self-esteem
from childhood to adulthood, as well as providing a
specification on the transitions which take place during growth.
It is noted that low self-esteem in children, may end up
developing into low self-regard even during adulthood (Erol,
2011). There is a need to ensure that the state of health and
mind of a child is in the best form, in order to Cleary monitor
their development and more so, their perceptions about life and
important issues. There is also a need to ensure that normative
patterns of self-esteem development are not in any way
shunned, and that consequences of life outcomes do not affect

children during their transition to adulthood. Self-development
is an important aspect, which should be prioritized, and
guardians as well as parents should take their part in ensuring
the positive growth, development and transition of their
children into other stages of life. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: The citation needs to immediately follow the title.
PLEASE remember to make this correction for the final paper.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is a bit redundant—
and inaccurate, as 14-30 would be adolescence through young
adulthood. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is better.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Is there a difference
between self-esteem and self-regard, or is this two ways of
saying the same thing? Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: ?
“clearly” (?) Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: I don’t know
what this means. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: How
realistic is that? Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is the
clearest and strongest statement in this summary.
The belief that blacks have a higher self-esteem as compared to
the whites is highly recognized among various nations. The
major strengths of the article are that it clearly outlines the
various aspects which are faced by individuals in daily life
(Erol, 2011). On the other hand, there are significant aspects
which make its content disadvantageous to the reader. In many
ways, the article stipulates different concepts in theory, but
does not provide any statistical evidence to prove its claims, for
example in self-esteem issues which are a reality in daily life.
The article clearly relates to what we’re studying, considering
its ability to show the extent to which different populations
suffer from a common phenomenon, and at the same time,
measures which might be taken to curb the overall effects of
such situations. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: But what
does this have to do with the article? Nothing in your summary
suggests this statement has any relevance. The subsequent
material is also unconnected. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Good—clearly analytical. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Unneeded. It is clear what source you are discussing and a

citation is used to indicate it is a source for your actual
comment, which this is not. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
This is good. All it needs is incorporation of source support
from our classroom readings or elsewhere.
Humor styles are examined in this reading, “Humor styles, self-
esteem, and subjective happiness”c as well as their how they
could have an impact on self-esteem of an individual, as well as
their subjective happiness. Adaptive humor styles, including
affiliate and self-enhancing humor are said to be highly
involved with the life processes and attitudes an individual
embraces. There are also other maladaptive humor styles, such
as the aggressive and the self-defeating humor which have a
slight impact on individual self-esteem, as well as their
perceptions of life events (Yue, 2014). The creation of
amusement in life is highly encouraged. Despite the difficult
challenges faced in daily events, there is a need to have a
window of self-optimism and more so, relate the occurrences in
life with the needs and preferences of others, in order to obtain
and maintain self-worth which is highly crucial. This article
highly considers the importance of self-esteem in individual
life, as well as the need to ensure that happiness prevails in
different situations, due to positive perceptions. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Extra space Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: Citation needed here. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Good summary. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Okay.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is not summary, but
analysis and so belongs in the next paragraph.
The article’s major strengths are its involvement of different
participates, who have been used to gauge the relevance of the
stated facts. The use of questionnaires and a wide group of
respondents is a sure way to ensuring accuracy. Such techniques
enable the collection of a wide range of specific data. The
weaknesses however, are that it has put a lot of emphasis on
humor as the aspect which should be embraced to achieve high
self-worth and esteem, which is not entirely the case. This study
is highly relevant to what we are studying, through its focus on

psychological aspects such as self-esteem, self-worth and
individual perception among individuals. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: I very much like your process, which is
truly analytical. But it needs to also meet what the grading
criteria wants.
References
Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from
age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 607-619.
doi:10.1037/a0024299 Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Italicize
Yue, X. D., Liu, K. W., Jiang, F., &Hiranandani, N. A. (2014).
Humor styles, self-esteem, andsubjective happiness.
Psychological Reports, 115(2), 517. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: This is not italicized. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
This is italicized.
Maximum Points
14.5

APA format.
3
Total:
17.5
Your paper chose two interesting and relevant articles. The first
was not summarized as well as the second, but I could follow
you for both. The analyses were very interesting and reflect the
kind of thinking I like to see. However, note the bolded material
in the grading rubric above. That element is lacking. At its best,
an analysis addresses how an article fits the proposed research
and places it into the broader context of social psychology by
using the course materials. Regards.
SPL_INTRO_1.3.docx
Running head: SELF-ESTEEM 1
SELF-ESTEEM 2 2
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Running head looks good.
Self-Esteem

Self-esteem plays a significant role in determining how an
individual feels about themselves. As a result, I am interested in
understanding the impact that it has on the human mind and the
ability of an individual to be more confident in their daily
activities. Self-esteem refers to how an individual feels about
themselves and their ability to achieve their aspirations. The
subject provides an opportunity to research about the factors
that enhance the self-esteem of an individual. In addition, it is
important to understand the factors that influence the self-
esteem of an individual. Furthermore, the impact that self-
esteem has on the ability of an individual to achieve their
aspirations can be examined. Looking at the subject from these
angles provides an opportunity to develop a strong
understanding of the subject and the impact that it has on an
individual. Also, it provides a context for the individual to
develop a strong understanding of the issue and the impact that
it can have on the ability of an individual to achieve desirable
outcomes in their lives. Moreover, it is important to understand
the impact of culture and the media on the self-esteem of an
individual. A person can achieve desirable outcomes in their
lives if they are exposed to an environment that enhances their
self-esteem. As a result, it is important to examine the impact
that an environment has on the self-esteem of an individual.
Additionally, it is important to examine the relationship
between self-esteem and sleep as well as involvement in social
activities. The multiple angles are consistent with the
realization that self-esteem is determined by a wide range of
factors. Developing a strong understanding of self-esteem could
lead to the development of solutions for individuals who
demonstrate a lack of self-esteem. As a result, it is an important
topic to study whose findings will have applications that
transcend the academic arena. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
These lines nicely identify both your topic and addresses your
interest. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Hmm. This would be
stronger with a citation of support, or additional explanation
about the last part. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Good

broad assertion. I hope you identify specific research questions
or areas. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Okay, I am inferring
these are meant to do what I was just hoping for. Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Well said—and a good area to look at.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: That’s an interesting
possibility. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Nice way to
round out and conclude.
References: Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: Please omit the colon. PLEASE NOTE: unless you
actually cite a work in the body of the paper, it should not
appear in the references.
Myers, D. (07/2012). Social Psychology, 11th Edition.
[VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from
https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/007773248
0/ Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: As requested in previous
feedback, please copy my example and see the rationale in the
APA style announcement.
Thank you, for your work on this assignment. Please note that
late work generally receives a penalty deduction. As a measure
of grace this has been waived this first week. But it will be in
full effect from now on. Below is the rubric for this assignment.
However, please be sure to also examine my comments on your
paper.
Maximum Points
· Selected a topic for your research project.
· Explained why this topic is of interest to you.
· Explained the topic and described potential research areas in
the topic.
16

APA format.
3
Total:
19
Your paper nicely meets the assigned objectives. I also thought
your proportionately in covering the different parts was very
fine. Your emphasis is on the third criterion listed above, and I
think that is just where it should be. Other than some APA
matters, this is very solid. Well done. Regards,
TR_LR_6.docx
1
LITERATURE REVIEW: SELF-ESTEEM
6
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Running head and page
number are perfect.

Literature Review: Self-Esteem
The article, “Resilience to bullying victimization: The role of
the individual, family and peer characteristics”, covers the topic
of cyberbullying and how it affects self-esteem. Cyberbullying
is comparable to any form of traditional bullying, with the
exception that it more so consists of the rate at which data is
dispersed, perpetual quality of material, and accessibility of
casualties. There is, however, a scarcity of examination in
regards to those factors, and few studies have inspected the
variables adding to cyberbullying conduct. A study has
examined contribution of empathy, low self-esteem as well as
loneliness on cyberbullying execution and exploitation
(Sapounaa, 2013). Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: You’ve
changed your style for the article title—and not for the better.
Article titles use quotation marks, not italics, and also use
normal capitalization (e.g., “Resilience to Bullying
Victimization”). The title should be immediately followed by
the citation. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: True.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: These are all murky. You
can’t assume the reader knows what these terms mean. Offer
each a phrase of explanation. Even one additional sentence of
explanation would help. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This
is good, but what were the results?
Young people 16–18 years were enlisted from high schools.
Standard different relapses uncovered that together dejection,
sympathy, and, self-esteem anticipated levels of cyberbullying
exploitation and execution. Low self-esteem was a singular

critical indicator of cyberbullying exploitation and execution,
such that those with low self-regard are targeted, and they were
well on the way to report the experience of cyberbullying.
Sympathy was a noteworthy personal indicator of cyberbullying
execution, such that as with sympathy abatements and the
probability of cyberbullying execution increasing. These
discoveries demonstrate that self-regard and compassion
situated mediations might effectively address cyberbullying
conduct (Sapounaa, 2013). Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Here is another paragraph of summary and all of a sudden the
summary is no longer “short.” You need to find a way to
condense these two paragraphs into one.
An important factor in this is education in regards to web
tormenting, or conducting research on a scope of components
which might expand the occurrence of web harassment and the
feasible results of this conduct. Social connections give a scope
of advantages that may not be accessible to forlorn young
people. For example, those whose families cannot afford certain
types of technology, and those whose parents have placed
restrictions in regards to what types of technology they have
access to, such as social media. Comment by Gregory G.
Bolich: This is interesting commentary but I don’t see how the
first sentence in this paragraph fits with the rest.
It’s very crucial to take a closer look into these factors of
cyberbullying. In fact, studies have shown that compassion
incorporates the sharing and understanding of the mindset on
both sides of this sort of bullying. Research has reliably
distinguished connections between compassion and execution of
conventional tormenting, or forceful and reserved conduct,
paying little respect to the sort of harassing or culprits of sexual
orientation. The experience of cyberbullying might differ
broadly as per setting and individual variables. Casualties and
culprits of cyberbullying relay the background to an extent on
negative results, and it is imperative in this manner to create
intercessions focused on this conduct. The medications
involved, if any, are prone to be psychosocial in nature

(Sapounaa, 2013). Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is
apparently a mix of analysis and summary. Remember to place
the analysis in the context of our course and try to find
connections with course readings.
In the article, “Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and
culture-specific features of global self-esteem”, there is a
depiction shown of how self-esteem reflects a person's overall
subjective emotional evaluation of his or her worth. It can be
defined as the judgment of oneself and attaching a particular
attitude to oneself. Early youths and adolescents from Germany
and Israel were compared. Respondents depicted their social
distinguishing proof as understudies, relatives, and as
individuals from the larger part of the national populous, and
there were a lot of reported self-esteem issues. A longitudinal,
cross-sectional, and culturally diverse outline uncovered, as
anticipated, numerous social distinguishing pieces of proof
related emphatically to self-esteem simultaneously; they
additionally related absolutely to self-regard longitudinally
through the span of a year. Also, numerous social recognizable
pieces of proof were observed to be a precursor to self-regard,
not the other way around. At long last, various social
distinguishing pieces of proof were found to diminish after
some time. The article talks about the commitment of numerous
social distinguishing pieces of proof to self-regard at various
ages and in different settings (Schmitt, 2005). Comment by
Gregory G. Bolich: Delete the comma at the start and please see
the note on the first title. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: All
this does is state the basic definition of self-esteem, so it
doesn’t offer much and could be deleted. Comment by Gregory
G. Bolich: This is awkward and unclear and may not be needed.
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This might be the key
finding. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This is another not
so “short” summary and here it can be trimmed by reducing the
wordiness. Use short, simple declarative sentences and avoid
repeating yourself.

Young people's lives are placed into rich social settings, as they
are associated with numerous social gatherings, and assume
numerous common parts. Their subjective sentiment is
considered in a specific gathering, which plays a part as a vital
piece of their advancing character. Surprisingly, be that as it
may, just a modest bunch of studies have inspected the
collective impact of social IDs, particularly crosswise, over
formative periods and societies. Also, there is sufficient
exploration archiving that a solitary social recognizable proof is
decidedly connected with self-regard in youth; just a couple
things to consider in regards to the relations between different
distinguishing pieces of proof and self-regard (Schmitt, 2005).
Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: This appears to be more
summary and puts you way past the “short” quality asked for in
the assignment. Pick what matters most from all the summary
material and reduce it to one short, crisp paragraph.
In the study, three parts of various social recognizable pieces of
proof were examined. To begin with, the researchers asked
whether self-esteem is past the positive association with single
social IDs e additionally identified with the aggregation of
numerous social recognizable pieces of proof. Based on the
character amassing speculation it was suggested that young
people with more social distinguishing proof will appreciate
more elevated amounts of self-regard contrasted with those with
less social IDs. It is not just the substance of particular social
distinguishing proof that matters to self-esteem, additionally the
expanded number of IDs (Schmitt, 2005). .
Personality is comprised of numerous variables, upgrades, and
sentiments, and is of great importance in this study. Lack of
security has been shown to be dangerous to oneself and
improving self-regard. Researchers also looked into whether
MSI identifies with future self-esteem or whether self-regard
identifies with future MSI, utilizing a longitudinal investigation
of young people. All of which are important factors in finding
out more about self-esteem, what impacts it negatively and
positively, and what can be done to prevent negative impacts or

lessen them. Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: The first time
an abbreviation is used what the abbreviation stands for must be
offered.
References Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Be sure to
proofread so that you see things like this. The references should
all be together on a separate page.
Sapounaa, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Resilience to bullying
victimization: The role of
the individual, family and peer characteristics. Child Abuse and
Neglect, 73, Comment by Gregory G. Bolich: Italicize.
997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.009.
Schmitt, D. P (2005). Simultaneous administration of the
Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific
features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 89(4), 623 Comment by Gregory G. Bolich:
Italicize.
Thank you, for your work on this assignment. Please note that a
1 point penalty for lateness has been deducted from the total
shown in the rubric. Below is the rubric for this assignment.
However, please be sure to also examine my comments on your
paper.
Maximum Points
12
APA format.
3.5
Total:
15.5
(before penalty)
Your paper chose a challenging article for its first source. I can
tell because whenever a hard article is used the summaries
expand as the person tries to figure out what to say! As a
general rule, if you can’t figure out how to summarize an article
in a paragraph, the article is probably not a good choice. Both
summaries need to be reduced and I have offered suggestions in
the margin notes. Because of the difficulties you seemed to have
with the summaries, the analyses then suffer, too. Remember the
two-fold goal of these is to show how the article fits your
proposal and to place it in the context of our course using the
course and textbook readings. In APA style matters you seem to
be having trouble with article titles. Please see my margin note

about how to do them correctly; also see my corrections for
your references. Regards

Running head SELF ESTEEM METHODS1SELF ESTEEM METHODS.docx

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