Research Methodology (RM)- Scaling Techniques- MBA

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2nd semester --- 1nd Mid PPT
IMMANI CHANDRA SHEKAR
REGD. NO. :19K61E0020
SUBJECT CODE :18MS02T5

2. Mid Topic:
Scaling Techniques

3. Definitions For scaling:
According to Edwards, scaling can be defined as,
"procedure for the assignment of numbers (or other
symbols) to a property of objects in order to impart
some of the characteristics of numbers to the
properties in question".

4. Importance of Scaling:
• In business or management research, scaling is very crucial for
the research process.
• It helps in measuring and analysing attitudes of different
individuals.
• The exact behaviour of an individual is reflected by such
attitude analysis.
• Number of attitude measuring scales has been developed by
researchers.

5. Scaling Techniques:
Scaling Techniques
Ranking scales
Rating scales
Graphic
rating scales
Itemised
rating scales
Method of
Paired
comparison
Method of
Rank order

6. Scaling construction Techniques:
Scaling construction Techniques:
Arbitrary
scales
Differential (or)
Thurston type
scales
Summated
scales (or) Likert
type scales
Cumulative scales
(or) louis
Guttmann's
scalogram
Factor scales

7. Applications of Ranking Scale:
1) Tap Preferences
2) Numerous Uses
3) Artificial and Controlled
Circumstances
Application of Rating Scales:
l) Social Research
2) Employee Performance
3) Clinical Applications
4) Multiple Performance Targets
5) Assessment on Specified Targets

8. Ranking Scales :
Merits:
1) Provides Insight about Choices
and Preferences
2) Significant Research Tools:
3) Helps in Decision-Making:
Demerits:
1) Unable to Identify the Reasons of
Responses:
2) Impossible to Give Same Rank to Two
Items:
3) Distance between the Options may vary:
4) Risk of Business:

9. Rating Scales:
Merits:
1)Provides Standardisation
2)Applicable for Appraisals and
Assessments
3)Provides Fair Outcome
4) Simple and Comprehensible
Demerits:
l) Biasness
2) Applicable to Structured Cases
Only.
3) Impossible to Observe the
Respondents Directly
4) Limitation in Comparability

10. Conclusion:
Scaling describes the procedures of assigning numbers to various
degrees of opinion, attitude and other concepts. This can be done in
two ways viz.,
(i) making a judgment about some characteristic of an individual
and then placing him directly on a scale that has been defined in
terms of that characteristic and
(ii) constructing questionnaires in such a way that the score of
individual’s responses assigns him a place on a scale.