The document discusses federal grants and mandates given to state and local governments from the federal government. It describes different types of grants like formula grants, project grants, and block grants that come with varying levels of flexibility and strings attached. While grants provide funding, mandates sometimes enforce rules on lower levels of government without providing funds. This dynamic strains the relationship between levels of government by increasing tensions and making the balance of power and responsibilities unclear.

1. By: Kelsey, Emilie, Charlotte and Eleanor Federal Grants and Mandates

2. Federal Government Fed. funds to state & local gov. $ $ $ spent for specified purposes State/Local Governments Categorical Grants targeted for specific purposes 1.) Formula grants particular formula 2.) Project grants - competitive applications Block Grants (revenue-sharing) earmarked for specific programs, BUT are far more flexible Grants & types of grants $ $ $ redistributing income Collected in the form of taxes Allocated by fed. Gov. strings attached GRANTS-IN-AID

3. Money is given to local and state governments but state and local governments must comply to rules set by the federal government Sometimes mandates are enforced by the federal government without monetary aid Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 Citizens can use federal court mandates to counteract local problems What are Mandates?

4. How have federal grants been used to define the relationship between states and the national government? Relationship strained Federal govt. asserts power over states Federal govt. has complete control over states Placing requirements upon states sometimes without enough funds Federal Government State Government WHO WINS?

5. How have Grants/Mandates changed federalism? Changed balance of power; competition between branches; increased tensions States subverted; power/responsibilities are unclear Ex.- No Child Left Behind What should I do now?

6. Work Cited Shea, Daniel M., Joanne Connor Green and Christopher E. Smith. Living Democracy . National. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Education, 2007. Fox, Tom Paul, Corrin Strong. Look Who Came to Dinner . 14 November 2002. Clarion Publications . Clarion Communications. 14 November 2002. Clarion Publications. 17 January 2007. < http://www.clarioncall.com/cartoons/cartoon5.html>.