Journal Articles, Ethics and Manuscript Structure
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Journal Articles, Ethics and Manuscript Structure
- 1. Articles, Ethical Standart, and Manuscript Carrine Kezia Aulia :: 102183022
- 2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Type of Articles • Ethical and Legal Standards • Manuscript Structure and Content
- 3. INTRODUCTION
- 4. CHARACTERISTIC • Represent research not previously published • Reviewed by peers • Archival / retrievable for future reference
- 7. TYPES OF ARTICLES • Empirical Studies • Literature Reviews • Theoretical Articles • Methodological Articles • Case Studies
- 9. EMPIRICAL STUDIES research article • Original research Analysis that test hypotheses by presenting analysis of data not considered or addressed in previous reports. Our study dealt with … My research Is focused on …
- 10. EMPIRICAL STUDIES The stages in research process : 1.introduction : development, historical antecedents, purpose 2.method : procedures used to conduct investigation 3.result : findings and analyses 4.discussion : summary, interpretation, implication
- 14. LITERATURE REVIEW • Critical evaluation -> has been published These researchers found this … These researchers found that..
- 15. LITERATURE REVIEW The stages in literature review: 1.define the problem 2.summarize previous investigation 3.identify relations, contradiction, gaps, inconsistencies 4.suggest next step
- 18. WHAT IS META ANALYSES Quantitative approach for systematically combining results of previous research to arrive at conclusions about the body of research
- 19. Quantitative = Number systematically = Methodical combining = Putting together previous research = What’s already done conclusions = New knowledge WHAT DOES IT MEANS?
- 20. WHAT DOES IT MEANS? • The popularity of Meta Analysespublications 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 2000-1 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 Year of Publications NumberofPublications
- 21. WHY USE META-ANALYSIS? • Guide to answer a question • Provide a systematic overview of quantitative research • Combine all the research on one topic into large study with many participants • Analyzing the result from a group of studies can allow for more accurate data analysis
- 25. THEORETICAL ARTICLES • Use existing research to advance theory • Article that discussed theory • Similar with Literature Review • Present empirical information only when it advance a theoretical issue
- 26. THEORETICAL ARTICLES • PROCESS : – Trace the existing theory – Expand and refine – Examine consistency and validity • RESULT : – A new theory – Analyzed the advantage of theory
- 29. METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLES • Focus on methodological or data analytic approaches • Result : new methodological approaches, modifications of existing methods, or discussion of quantitative data analysis approaches
- 31. CASE STUDIES
- 32. CASE STUDIES • Reports of case material • Illustrate the problem • Purpose : solved problem or present the need for research, clinical applications or theoretical matters.
- 34. ETHICAL AND LEGAL STANDARDS IN PUBLISHING
- 35. THE GOALS • Ensure the accuracy • Protect the rights and welfare • Protect intellectual property rights
- 36. ENSURING THE ACCURACY OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ethical reporting, data sharing, duplicate & plagiarism
- 38. ETHICAL REPORTING inform the editor correction notice error!
- 39. DATA RETENTION AND SHARING EDITOR during the review QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS for verification after published raw data (instruction, software, details of procedures, etc) 5years
- 40. DATA RETENTION AND SHARING another RESEARCHER WRITTEN AGREEMENT • limit in used • limit on distribution • limit on dissemination
- 43. DUPLICATE PUBLICATION ACKNOWLEDGING AND CITING PREVIOUS WORK • relatively small to total length • clearly acknowledge (text, tables, figure) • original publication venue
- 48. PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM LOREM IPSUM
- 49. PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM as I have previously discussed .. when author do not present the own previously published work
- 51. 1. TITLE Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed Avoid words METHOD and RESULT, except research synthesis or meta analysis 2 Summarize the main idea (should be fully explanatory when standing alone) 1 Abbreviations3 4Uppercase and Lowercase 5No more than 12 words
- 52. 2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION 1 2 3 4 5 M. S. Haggerty S. Haggerty
- 53. 2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION
- 54. 3. AUTHOR’S NOTE
- 55. 4. ABSTRACT • How to write abstract
- 56. 5. INTRODUCTION 1. Why is this problem important? 2. How does the study relate to previous work in the area? If other aspect of this study have been reported previously, how does this report differ from, and build on, the earlier report? 3. What are the primary and secondary hypotheses and objectives of the study, and what, if any, are the links to the theory? 4. How do the hypotheses and research design relate to one another? 5. What are the theoretical and practical implications of the study?
- 57. 6. METHOD 1. Subject demographic (age, sex, ethnic, level of education, socioeconomic, etc)
- 58. 6. METHOD 2. Sampling Method
- 59. 6. METHOD 3. Sampling Size -> slovin sampling formula 4. Measures -> questionnaires, interview, observations Method to enhance quality -> factor analysis, reliability, cronbach’s alpha 5. Research Design -> provide a detailed summary of the procedures you will use and what the participants will do on study, and experimental manipulation (if any)
- 61. 7. RESULT 1. Demographic characteristic
- 62. 7. RESULT 2. Data processing result
- 63. 7. RESULT 3. Hypothesis result
- 64. 8. DISCUSSION
- 65. motivation
Editor's Notes
- As we already know from last week, we are doing research in our daily life, for example if we want to buy a mobile phone, we have some options and then we gather information like maybe ask someone that already use, how’s the phone’s performance, or we read some review in internet. And this research will finish after we have result and decide which one we’d like to buy. The thing that differentiate our daily research with the scientific journal is Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community both formal, or informal. That’s why here we have final defense as a process that we must pass to finish our thesis. The scientific journal is one of the traditional medium for communicating research result.
- development of the problem, including its historical antecedents, statement of the purpose of the investigation liat buku
- how to indentify the empirical article, are looking at the title and the abstract. and also provide the subject, and research method
- how to indentify the literature review, look at the title and the abstract
- as prof already mention last week, meta analysis become more popular year by year, even though this graphic just provide the information until 2003
- but still, why use meta analysis? these advantage basically shows that can help researcher as a guide to answer a question and also save time, because the researcher needn’t to conduct particular research.
- Often similar with Literature review in structure, but TA present empirical if
- Process : The development of theory is traced in order to expand and refine theoretical constructs Result : A new theory may be presented, or an existing theory may be analyzed to highlight flaws or showing the advantage of one theory over another. A theory's internal consistency and external validity are examined in this type of article.
- In this example the author present a new theoretical framework to guide practice, research and policy in child welfare.
- PRESENT new methodological approaches, modifications of existing methods, or discussion of quantitative and data analysis approaches to the community of researcher.
- pertaining = berkaitan for example, this methodological article is talking about randomized pre-test, post test, follow-up design which are some of data analysis
- case studies are reports of case material while working with an individual, a group, a community, or an organization
- THIS example taken from EBSCO,
- the goal of this standards are …. but this presentation will just focus explain about to ensure the accuracy
- this goal basically consist of 4 specific point, which are ethical in reporting, data sharing duplicate publication plagiarism let see each of them one by one
- when we report our research, we are prohibited to modifying our result, including visual image, to support our hypothesis, in order to present a more convincing story
- as a human, we cannot avoid error, even though we already try our best to avoid it, so if an error occur, firstly, we have to inform our editor/publisher, if the error are discovered after the publication so the publisher will publish the correction note, and it will be retrieved whenever the original article is retrieved.
- secondly is about data retention and sharing researcher must make their data available to the editor at anytime during the review and publication process. also after the article is published, this raw data must available for other qualified professionals to confirm the analysis. this data include ….. the raw data should be available for a minimum of five years after publication
- the researcher also expected to comply a request for data from another researcher. makesure delete personal information about participant. before sharing data, it’s important to make a written agreement about : limits on how the data can be use ( for example as a secondary analysis) should also include limit on distribution (just for the people that request the data and verification team) also limit on dissemination (just for conference presentation, internal reports, book chapter, etc) these kind of limit must be clear to avoid misuderstanding in future.
- DUPLICATE PUB is publication of the same data or ideas in two separate sources. for example same abstract submitted to 3 publisher it is prohibited, because can give the bad impression and also lead copyright violations, author cannot assign the copyright for the same material to more than one publisher and the other one is PIECEMEAL : splitting of the findings from one research to multiple articles
- RELATED TO DUPLICATE PUBLICATION, AUTHOR HAVE TO MAKESURE that his or her article has not been published previously in whole or substantial part else where if you’re not sure, you should consult with editor of the journal in question
- When you want to citing previous work, you have to pay attention to these following condition : the amount of duplicated material must be small relative to the total length of the text clearly acknowledge in the author note, that the information was reported previously, and the citation to the previous work must be given the original publication venue must be clearly and accurately cited in the reference list
- firstly, the name and the year must be written after the author note, and the detail like the title of the article and so on must be cited in references. in this example, this cited article has multiple author, all author must have received a credit.
- AS ALREADY MENTIONED BEFORE, PIECEMEAL : splitting of the findings from one research effort to multiple articles
- for example multiple dependend variable that were observed in the same sample and at the same time, are reported in separate manuscript
- to avoid these things, if you have doubt about your article, consult with the editor prior to submission
- to avoid plagiarism, quotation marks should be used to indicate the exact word, each time you paraphrase another author, you need to credit the source in the text
- to avoid this things, opening such paragraph like a phrase like “….” this will alert readers to the status of upcoming material
- This is an example of a good title, firstly, it have to summarize the main idea, and as a title, it should be fully explanatory when standing alone second, avoid using words method and result, in other hand, if the article is using meta-analysis, the “meta-analysis” word must be written on the title third, avoid using abbreviation forth, use uppercase and lowercase in appropriate way fifth, the good article title should no longer than 12 words.
- same name in every article, don’t use initial on one manuscript, then full name in another because will be difficult to be recognize no need to use title or degree affiliation is the location where the research was conducted, usually an institution, if don’t have institution affiliation, just use city and state name with suffixes, use space instead of coma
- the institutional affiliation should be centered under the author’s name, on the next line
- 1st : name, comma, department, comma, university name, semicolon, next author name (if any) ,… and end with period : no degree 2nd : change in author affiliations (if any) 3rd : is about grant or other financial support 4th : person to contact, complete mailing address
- and this is another guideline that we can use to make a good introduction, which basically same, but in this guide line, our intro must can answer these question 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. what the benefit?
- DESCRIBE IN DETAIL HOW THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED, THIS SECTION CONSIST SOME SUBSECTION : 1. Subject, detail your sample major demographic characteristics, such as age…
- - sampling procedures, include, sampling method, for example random sampling or systematical sampling
- research design : defines the study type, research question, hypotheses, variables, and data collection methods. Some examples of research designs include descriptive, correlational, and experimental. Another distinction can be made between quantitative and qualitative methods.
- 1. evaluate the findings 2. who can use these findings? 3. what’s the focus on our study, for example our study just focus in one country, so the characteristic of the finding maybe different with research that conduct in another country, even though with same framework. 4. suggestion for future research that related to this research and has not done in this research, for example in our research we found that price not significantly affect purchase intention, maybe it happen because the culture of the sample, that prefer expensive price rather than cheap price because of their pride.