Women Workers During The Early Twentieth Century

Women Workers During The Early Twentieth Century
The boom of the industrial revolution changed many things in America, and roles began to shift.
Many farmers moved their families into the cities and began working in factories. Not only did men
work in these factories, but many women did as well. During the beginning of the twentieth century
we begin to see a huge rise in women in the work force. In the novels A Fierce Discontent by
Michael McGerr, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Industrial Workers in Chicago by Lizabeth
Cohen, each author paints a picture of what lives of different individuals was like during this time
period. There are many different themes that the authors discuss in their novels such as race, labor,
wealth, region, gender, and many more. One theme that is most intriguing is that of the women
workers during the early twentieth century. Women in the workforce begins to explode during this
time and will really take off during World War II. The road that women had to travel to get to where
we are today was a rough one. These three books discuss well womens struggle in the work place
and In particular the authors discuss the different things that working women had to endure such as
discrimination, class struggle and working conditions.
Working women in the early part of the twentieth century faced many obstacles, one such obstacle
was discrimination. In the work force men always received the better positions and always made
higher wages. Women were given unskilled labor and were paid half of what men
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Political, Economic, And Social Opportunities In The Early...
Bella Salem
10th Grade History
DBQ
Reform Movement
The role of women and their political, economic, and social opportunities in American society
shifted greatly from the pre Revolutionary War era to the early twentieth century. In this century
there were many social issues. These issues impacted the majority of women and slaves all through
the United States. They impacted not only Slaves but, women as well. Slavery started when Africans
were shipped from Africa to America. Slaves were forced to obey their owners. The treatment of
these people was awful for the most part.
"If I had my life to live over I would die fighting rather than be a slave again. I want no man's yoke
on my shoulders no more."
–Robert Falls, age 97, Knoxville, Tennessee
Robert falls was stating that it was something that he would never want to relive again. Slaves were
people too and they were fighting for their rights. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seeing that the slaves were so oppressed, women began to realize that it looks all too familiar. From
a fight for slaves soon became a fight for women. Women were viewed as "subordinate to males"
and were therefore subject to the laws and regulations imposed upon them by men. They were
expected to marry, raise families, and perform the duties of diligent wives and mothers. Because of
the male dominated organization of society, women frequently did not have legal rights, such as the
ability to vote or own property. At the end of the week when the pays go out it automatically was
deemed for the working man. The husbands could spend that money however they wanted to.since
the jobs were often stressful, most of the pays went into alcohol, leaving the wives and children at
home with

The Ku Klux Klan During The Early Twentieth Century
The Ku Klux Klan originated in the South and spread across the nation; during the early twentieth
century, the KKK had approximately four million members throughout the country. Their members
occupied many political influences in some states such as Oregon, Indiana, and Colorado. In the
summer of 1868, Klan achieved part of their goal which was to defeat Southern Blacks; but didn't
succeed that well in carrying out their social aim during the reconstruction era, however; they later
spread throughout Georgia. Then again, a Georgia Republican organizer was killed on March 31st,
1868; and because of his death, KKK organized terrorist crime became noticeable; to the extent that
their violent actions spread across Georgia's Black Belt, and the state

Early Twentieth Century: A Case Study
The present–day abuse of patent drugs and the association of drug use with minority groups became
a big concern for the country. There are two important factors that illustrate why the movement
toward drug regulation was necessary in the early Twentieth Century (Levinthal, 2012). First, of all
the United States have no agencies to regulate the medical field. However, with this being said it
was easy for a person to act as a doctor or pharmacists. In eighteen–forty seven the American
Medical Association (AMA) was built up yet just a few of the specialist were members. The
specialists of this period needed to depend on both physical and mental issues. A second factor was
the issue of states' rights. Amid the nineteenth century, the predominant

Industrialization During The Late 19th And Early Twentieth...
Industrialization's Technical Problems The age of technology and science has no doubt made it
possible for the current societies of the world to be as advanced as they are; however, at what cost
has this advancement resulted in for the world to become as industrialized as it is? Throughout the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the fields of technology and science bloomed;
technology during this time, contributed to the industrialization era, the social life of society became
enveloped around the newest technological gadgets and scientific philosophy, and overall the
citizens' of the United States living standards and mindset have forever changed. Before the time of
industrialization, people had a difficulties communicating with each other not only in terms of
personal contact, but business relationships as well due to the vast distance that separated the
parties. When the process of technology based living ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet one must be able to view the advantageous and disadvantageous results of the attempts. While
living standards rose, business prospects expanded, and people generally became more
knowledgeable than ever before these wonderful progress moments were merits more so towards the
wealthy elite than the everyday person. Viewing the aftermath of the development of the two fields
in centuries past it is difficult to view the good without the bad. Individuals came to rely ever so
greatly on science and technology to resolve their issues all the while turning a blind eye at the
underlying cause at hand. This observation has bleed into the United State's society quite apparently
as people have come to depend so much on the technology and scientific principles that the more
important values of life have all but

Early Twentieth Century Men Vs Women Essay
"Whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily, this is
not difficult." said Charlotte Whitton, the first female mayor of Ottawa. The early twentieth century
was a biased era that favoured men. Men were considered the "breadwinners" of the family while
women were forced to stay at home to perform menial tasks so that they would portray the "perfect
wife". Typically, men are physically stronger then women. This is why society, at the time, thought
that only men should work and women should stay at home. Men were seen as the stronger sex
whereas women were viewed as being weaker. Men and women did not have equal rights in the
early twentieth century. Looking back at the history of a hundred years ago today, it is clear that
women have had an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because women were supposed to stay at home to cook and clean while their husbands went
out to work. When World War I occurred, many Canadians men were shipped over seas to fight in
the war. This meant that all the men who fought in war would be leaving their jobs behind. There
would be so many empty positions that had been left by the men fighting overseas, employers had
no other option but to hire women. By 1917, over 35 000 Canadian women worked in munitions
factories. This increase of women working is due to the fact that the men had been shipped off to
war. This was one of the most defining moments in history because it was when women were first
acknowledged for their hard work. The women's employers saw that women were in fact capable of
performing the jobs the men had previously occupied. At this point in time, a new perception of
women was created. Women were seen as capable of doing hard work and a woman having a job
that wasn't being the "perfect wife" was no longer frowned upon. Women had gone from taking up
13% to 43% of the labour force in

The Struggles of Immigrant Women in the Early Twentieth...
Between the years of 1840 and 1914, about forty million people immigrated to the United States
from foreign countries. Many of them came to find work and earn money to have a better life for
their families. Others immigrated because they wanted to escape the corrupt political power of their
homelands, such as the revolution in Mexico after 1911. Whatever the case, many found it difficult
to begin again in a new country. Most immigrants lived in slums with very poor living conditions.
They had a hard time finding work that paid enough to support a family. Not only was it difficult for
immigrant men, but for women as well. Immigrant women faced many challenges including lack of
education and social life as well as low wages and poor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Sara is out selling herring to earn money for dinner, she says, "Nothing was before me but the
hunger in our house, and no bread for the next meal if I didn't sell the herring." This shows just how
desperate Sara and her family are for money to put food on the table. Many immigrant families
struggled to make ends meet even with all the members of their families working. They had to live
in tenements and endure poor living conditions because they used the little income that they
received to pay for food. In the book, the family's kitchen at dinner time is described by saying,
"The stove was cold. No food was on the table." The Smolinsky family struggles to put food on the
table every night, so they could not think about sending one of their daughters to school when they
desperately need money themselves. Women were simply not given the opportunity to educate
themselves and therefore it was hard for them to pursue any sort of career in America.
With the lack of education for these women, it also took away from any kind of social life they may
have had. It was hard for a young immigrant woman to go out and find a fitting husband because she
was always working to support her family. Many families could not afford to let their daughters get
married because that would mean less income for them. Several fathers only wanted to marry off
their daughters to

Compare And Contrast The Expansion Of The Late...
Before the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, we see the United States claiming and
expanding beyond their original borders that are even today still claimed as theirs. Even though this
expansionism had been against the Farewell Address of George Washington, it had led to established
borders we have today in the United States and added to much prosperity eventually earned in the
lands. After the Spanish–American War, the United States had been growing in their amount of
power and control to the point where they were considered to be a world power. They had been
conquering more and more land and territories during the Progressive Era than ever before, this had
been considered to be a continuation of earlier expansionism of the American people and states.
Some of this expansion had been due to the help of allies, treaties, land purchases, and war. In fact,
the way in which these lands were gained had been a departure in how the expansionism of the
United States played out in both the past and present periods.
A way the late nineteenth and early twentieth century's expansion compares to the past
expansionism is by the way they go against the orders of George Washington's Farewell Address of
1796. The purpose of the farewell address was to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast, "The World's Plunderers." shows the world powers carving out
the parts of the world they desire based on their imperialistic ideals(Doc A). This cartoon shows the
type of world power the United States is becoming with their built up power. In addition, the United
States has become much more wealthy, with a larger army and greater

The Rise Of The Late Nineteenth Century And Early...
The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of strife in Vietnam.
Transitioning from an independent to a colonized country caused the Vietnamese to resent their
home land. With the rise of the soviet and their system of communism, the weak Vietnam was bound
to be penetrated by the dominating power. With internal disunity and rebellions due to a pro–
catholic president in a Buddhist dominant society, the defense of the country was marred. Since
defense was down, take overs had begun and caused the beginning of a war that was mistakenly
drawn out for over ten years which also caused the deaths and wounds of over millions of men. The
truth of the war compared to the war that was envisioned, brought disappointment to the main power
leading the frail South Vietnamese, the United States. The involvement of such a pugnacious
country brought anguish to the poor region. With the waste of lives, time, and money, U.S
involvement was one of the most unnecessary occurrences to the history of both the United States
and Vietnam. One of the most prominent foundation of the fear was the speech given by Eisenhower
in 1954. Labeled "the domino theory," Eisenhower proposed the theory in concern to communism in
Indochina. The theory soon became the justification for many presidents to perform ill–advised
plans. The involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War was ultimately a mistake. 4 | Page
Introduction A war that everyone in

Early Twentieth Century
Music plays a large part in all cultures throughout the world. Music is used in varying ways, such as
ceremonially, sacredly, and secularly. Pieces and genres of music are reflections of their time and
society. Music has been used throughout its existence to inspire people, to do bigger and better
things or to learn how to inspire other people. Music is as complex and diverse as the people who
listen to it and the time periods from which it comes. With the expansion of technology in the world,
came the expansion of music sound, view, and instrumentation. The Early Twentieth Century
brought with it a new sound and an expanding ability to experiment with music. Like all music,
music of the Early Twentieth Century had its roots from elsewhere places. All of the various types of
music from the Early Twentieth Century built on each other. The development of one led to the
development of the next and so on. The beginning of the Twentieth Century began with Blues
music, which has its roots in African American traditions from the deep southern states in the US.
Blues from the 1920s was based on a twelve bar structure and repeating chords. Blues music was
most often heard from freed African Americans after the Civil War. These newly emancipated
peoples often found the time of their freedom more stressful and difficult than when they were ...
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The 1930s gave way to Swing music. Swing is the revival of the "real" jazz style, however, more
instruments were added to the jazz combos, which became known as big band jazz. The new style of
jazz doubled and tripled the number of members in the ensembles and there was the establishment
of three instrumentation sections in the big band jazz ensembles. Due to its difference in style, swing
is sometimes considered a partial dilution of jazz because musicians were organized into groups that
demanded a higher proportion of written

Communism: Early Twentieth Century
Communism
Communism is the system where the factories are owned by the workers that work in them; this
system is the brainchild of Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Although many argue that communism
has never been given a fair chance at success, communism was a very powerful movement in the
early twentieth century.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are commonly attributed with solidifying the beliefs that make up
communism. In his early life, Marx was a member of the "Young Hegelian Group," that was
considered substantially radical at the time. Marx vocalized his revolutionary views in the Economic
and Philosophical Manuscripts while in Paris where he later partnered with Friedrich Engels. Marx
predicted the collapse of capitalism in The German

Early Twentieth Century Music Analysis
The early twentieth century was filled with violence and progress. However, despite all that was
taking place, the arts still had room to evolve. In the arts, as in other aspects of life, there was an
increased emphasis on pluralism and diversity. In the twentieth century, there were revolts spanning
all areas; but in this essay, I will focus on the musical aspects of them. Composers drew inspiration
from an enormous variety of sources, including folk and popular music; the music of Asia, Africa,
and Latin America; and European art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century.
During the twentieth century, differences among styles were so great that it seems as though
composers used different musical languages, not merely different ... Show more content on
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It was begun by Claude Debussy in reaction to the dramatic and dynamic emotionalism of romantic
music. Impressionist music is not something that can be shown to the audience. It is something for
the audience to listen to and create their own particular atmosphere. For example, Debussy's Voiles
blur harmony with depictions of outdoor scenes or, more generally, with establishing
correspondences between the aural and the visual. Debussy stressed tone color, atmosphere, and
fluidity; elements that are essential to impressionism. Neoclassicism is a trend in which composers
sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept of "classicism",
namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint. Surprisingly, neoclassicism music
reached back to the Classical era for some of its inspiration. Igor Stravinsky's Pulcinella is a famous
neoclassicism work that encompassed the essence of the previous era. Stravinsky's neoclassical
works emphasize restraint, balance, and wit, and are far removed from the violence of The Rite of

Susan Glaspell: Women In The Early Twentieth Century
During the time that Susan Glaspell was writing in the early twentieth century, women were seen as
very inferior with the main priorities to be good wives, and mothers to their children. Through that
bias, women were given less work opportunities because they were not seen as people capable as
working hard and diligently, thus they often stayed at home as house wives. According to Women's
History in America frequently women did not continue to go to school after a certain grade as well
because they were 'intellectually inferior' and seen as great sources of temptation. (Women's History
in America, web). This relates to the time period that Glaspell wrote in because Glaspell habitually
wrote plays and short stories that were deemed to make

Civil Rights For Minorities: Early Twentieth Century
History 3102
Professor. Rasmussen
December, 5 2016
Civil Rights for Minorities
On the social level, a minority is a numerically smaller group; however, it can also be a excluded
from the circles of power or group discriminated by others that concentrate greater rights or benefits.
In the early twentieth century, they were considered minority national groups didn't feel represented
within the territorial boundaries in which they found themselves. Their demands and dissatisfactions
played a decisive role in the outbreak of the World War I and irresolute situation continued even
after the end of the World War II. It was groups seeking to emancipate the country or empire on
which were a minority and wanted to get greater representation of their interests in various ways,
where the formation of new countries and states seemed to be the objective. This phenomenon was
observed mainly in Europe. But can it say that this phenomenon also existed at the same time, in a
country where was responsible for finishing it? It sounds very ironic but unfortunately it was a
reality.
After World War II the United States of America, the emergence of other minorities with more
global scope is observed. This time it was groups demanding recognition and inclusion in society
and the country or state in which they lived. It was a struggle for equal rights and end to
discrimination. Two of these groups who demanded civil equality within the country in which they
lived were African Americans and

Holliday's Colonial Women: Early Twentieth Century Housewife
Holliday chronologically discusses women from those who first settled America (from Europe) and
their plights, and how the women's experience grew and evolved into the eighteenth century. He
often draws comparisons to that of the early twentieth century housewife. He discusses women
during the colonial–era in America in very broad terms through his chapter titles "Colonial Woman
and...": Religion, Education, The Home, Dress, Social Life, Marriage, and the Initiative. Within
these broader terms, Holliday breaks into specific topics.
In regards to women and religion, Holliday really only focuses on Protestant women. Sixty–seven
pages of Holliday's 312 page text are about women and religion, this chapter being one of the larger
ones of the text,

Early Twentieth-Century Immigration Effects
Effects of Immigration in the twentieth century
I. Moehling, Carolyn, and Anne Morrison Piehl. "IMMIGRATION, CRIME, AND
INCARCERATION IN EARLY TWENTIETH–CENTURY AMERICA*." Demography, 1 Nov.
2009. Web. .
A. The article is really focusing on whether immigrants affected the crime rate. The standalone
theories in the start of the article suggest they did increase the crime rate, but with no hard proof. As
the article develops deeper, facts and biased opinion come through and display that the immigrants
did not affect the crime rate in the early twentieth century.
B. I learned that immigration did not directly affect the crime rate in the early twentieth century. It
was assumed that they did because the immigrants moved into high traffic, high ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I learned that employers would hire native–born workers over immigrants workers, except none of
them actually apply for the job. They are ashamed of the job, because the low–level job has a status
about it and is called an "immigrant" job. This taking away the argument that natives can't get entry
level jobs due to immigrants in high populated areas. So, the Natives are just unwilling to do the
entry–level jobs, because of status and low wages. The weak point is the fact that entry–level jobs
are a great way to get easy level experience. The strong point of this article, is when it talks about
employers feeling immigrants are best suited or most appropriate for entry–level jobs, this being
said, the employers have a stronger desire to hire the immigrants over the natives. The weak point is
the fact that entry–level jobs are a great way to get easy level experience, though it will help the
progress of the career journey, it did not correlate well enough to the main point of the argument.
The effects of immigrations to the urban culture of America had numerous outcomes, whether
immigrants effected the crime–rates, whether they reduced support for social policies such as
welfare, and whether immigrants affected the career path of native–born population. The articles
proved that immigrants have little to no effect on crime rates. They proved that they don't create a
loss of public support for social policies. They also proved, that immigrants don't directly affect the
career

The Decline Of The Early Twentieth Century
Introduction The early twentieth century saw a gradual shift in the way Americans desired to care
for struggling single mothers. The well–being of poverty stricken mothers, and their offspring
became a social responsibility for the first time. Americans wanted to ensure that they were
protected, and constant advocation to improve upon nineteenth century poor laws that favored
separating families reached the White House in 1909. Incited by the peoples demands President
Theodore Roosevelt called a conference to address their concerns on how to properly deal with poor
single mothers. The outcome would be the formation of Mothers Pension, a "movement (that)
sought to provide state aid for poor fatherless children who would remain in their own homes cared
for by their mothers" (Warner, 2008) . Illinois would be the first state to implement the pension in
1911, but within the next twenty years all but two states would adopt similar practices.
Unfortunately, in 1929 funds for Mothers Pension started to steadily decline due to the Great
Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt would discuss the lack of aid for single mothers at his
State of the Union Address in January of 1935, as he stated, "the time has come for action by the
national government to provide security against the major hazards and vicissitudes of life"(Warner,
2008). Following his address President Roosevelt would replace Mothers Pension with Aid to
Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). AFDC was the first

Child Labor In The Early Twentieth Century
In the early twentieth century it was very common for minors to work extremely long hours in
industrial practices. It was not for nothing though, many families' income depended on that earned
by their children. Because of this, the public concern about the results this kind of work produced
for children began to increase tremendously. Although there were many people that were supporters
of working minors, the advocates for child labor laws presented that minors who worked those sixty
hour weeks were, in fact, not able to get a proper education and live a necessary childhood. The
most important worry was the physical risk as children working in industries had large accident
rates. As a result, some states passed laws restricting child labor, ... Show more content on
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Dagenhart from North Carolina filed a lawsuit, threatening the Keating–Owen Act. His reasoning
being that the act would have barred his sons from working in a cotton mill, as one was fourteen and
the other sixteen. Dagenhart pleaded for the U.S. District Court to rule the law unconstitutional,
which led to presenting his case to the Supreme Court. He argued that the act was not a regulation of
commerce and that the Tenth Amendment left the power to make laws for child labor to the state
government, which presents the talk of federalism to the courts. Those who agreed with his point of
view believed that the national government was holding too much control over the states. He also
stated that his freedom and property enforced by the Fifth Amendment included the right to allow
his children to work. In Short, Dagenhart sued because the Keating–Owen Child Labor Act was
against the Commerce Clause and the 10th Amendment because, he believed, that the state had
control over the hours children could work. Using the 5th Amendment, he wanted to prove that he
couldn't live life without his sons help on the steel mill because that was their only source of income
as well as that of many other families with working

Anthropology In The Early-Twentieth-Century Contained...
Anthropology in the early–twentieth–century contained theories that departed from those of the
unilineal evolution in the nineteenth century. The unilineal evolutionary theory argued that all
societies passed through a single evolutionary process; therefore, progressing from being a primitive
society to the most advanced, or civilized, in a uniform manner. The theory that species were
thought to evolve into increasing complexity was applied to societies' development to progress from
a simple to complex state. It was thought that most societies arrive, ultimately, at a common end as a
fully civilized nation. Lewis Henry Morgan, an advocate for and an ethnological scholar of the
Iroquois, delineated human culture into three basic stages: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
72). Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict popularized this concept as they humanized Anthropology
by incorporating observations of human feelings and other psychological states. Following Boas,
Lowie rejected and criticized Morgan's cultural evolutionary approach, and insisted that there is "no
one determinant of culture" (Erickson and Murphy, p. 68). Furthermore, Kroeber promoted the
concept of the "superorganic", which emphasizes the "importance of environment over heredity";
thus endorsing Boas' theory that human behavior results more from nurture than nature (Erickson
and Murphy, p. 69). Accordingly, Kroeber launched the search for cultural patterns and its
adaptations that correspond to the variation of environments. The results rendered by these scholars
promoted the idea that each society contains its own unique culture and social constructs that
conflict with Morgan's theory of uniform progress towards a civilized society.
To further aid in the argument against unilineal evolution, Bronislaw Malinowski stressed the
importance of achieving ethnographic understanding through a subjective participation and
objective observation method when studying different societies and their cultures (Erickson and
Murphy, p. 94). As a result of the emphasis on the method of participant–observation, Anthropology
has been distinguished from other social science disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity,
in–depth examination of (historical) context, cross–cultural

The Inventions Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth...
There were many inventions that were created in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
that had a huge impact on life in the United States. Some of these inventions were the telephone, the
electric light bulb, and the airplane. The telephone was created by Alexander Graham Bell, the light
bulb by Thomas Edison, and the airplane by Wilbur and Orville Wright. The telephone completely
changed how we communicate. Alexander Bell was a professor at Boston University when he built a
device that allowed people to see speech in the form of sound–wave vibrations. This made Mr. Bell
believe that somehow he could make sound waves turn into an electrical current and back into sound
waves. After lots of studying electricity and conducting lots

Women In The Early Twentieth Century
A vacuum cleaner is more than just an object that sucks things up and scares the dog. It can be
considered one of the most convenient household products that were ever made. Although people
may not use them as much today, they were very significant to the women in the early twentieth
century.Vacuum cleaners symbolized cleanliness, the cult of domesticity, and training to be a "great
housewife". Women were pressured to live in a domestically oppressed household because of gender
roles/stereotypes and the influence of patriarchy. The ideology behind both Hoover advertisements
were to target women and men. The primary gender roles of women in the early twentieth century
were to stay at home, cook, clean, and tend to their children. Hoover portrays what looks like two
well–dressed, middle class, married white women who look very content. These advertisements
reinforce the sex–role stereotype that every happy lady was a housewife. Since they displayed
women as housewives in advertisements, it was easier to connect and convince their target audience
to buy their products. Their slogan was, "She'll be happier with a Hoover", which meant that if you
gave her a Hoover you were giving her the best. Receiving a new vacuum cleaner would be better
than any other expensive gift. These ads were persuading men to "satisfy" their wives by buying
them new appliances yet they were the ones who benefited from it. At the end of each day, he was
getting a spotless house and a wife who stayed in her place. Although these ads look like they are
targeted for women they are not. It's really showing how women were dependent on their husband's
money to get things they thought they needed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The husband being the vacuum and the wife being trapped inside of the dust bag. Although women
were living in a time period where they were beginning to branch out, they were still living in a
patriarchal

Classical Management Theory: Early Twentieth Century
1. Introduction
It is fortunately for this generation manager because they have more than century's management
theory and thought to retrospect. Although modern management theory dates primarily from the
early twentieth century, there was serious thinking and theorizing about managing many years
before. Throughout many different contributions of writers and practitioners have resulted different
approaches to management, resulting in a kind of management theory jungle and help them to face
the challenge of the future.
Despite the inexactness and relative crudity of management theory, the development of thought on
management dates back to the days when people first attempted to accomplish goals by working
together in groups. To know ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.2 Classical Perspective
'The oldest of the "formal" viewpoints of management emerged during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries and come ton be know as the classical perspective.' (Pamela S. Lewis, Stephen
H. Goodman, Patricia M. Fandt, 1998) The classical perspective had its roots in the management
experiences. That was occurring in the rapidly expanding manufacturing organizations that typified
U.S and European industrialization. Early contributions were made by management practitioners
and theorist from several corners of the world.
The classical perspective consists of three main subfields:
(1) scientific management;
(2) administrative management; and
(3) bureaucracy management. (D.Wren, 1979).
As we will see, scientific management focus on the productivity of the individual worker,
administrative management focuses on the functions of management, and bureaucratic management
focuses on the overall organizational system. (Pamela S. Lewis, Stephen H. Goodman, Patricia M.
Fandt, 1998)
4. Scientific Management

4.1 Scientific Defined
"What is Scientific Management?" by Frederick Taylor (1856–1917), the 'father' of scientific
management. Scientific management focuses on the improvement of individual worker productivity.
Time and motion studies observe and measure a worker's physical movements in order to determine
the best way of performing a task. The expectation in scientific management is that managers will
develop standard

America's Role In The Early Twentieth-Century
The role of the United States during the early twentieth–century can be described as semi–engaged
in the World affairs going on during this period. At this point in time the United States aimed to be
as neutral in the war as possible, as proved by the statement made by the then President, Woodrow
Wilson, "I am bitterly opposed to my country entering the war, but if, notwithstanding my
opposition, we do enter it, all of my energy and all of my power will be behind our flag in carrying it
on to victory" (Opposition to Wilson's War Message George W. Norris). Instead, the desire to
continue foreign trade rights for economic and political benefits took over along with other
convincing reason, eventually leading to America's involvement in the World ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"In 1898 the Spanish–American War ended Spanish control of the Philippines, but U.S. military
forces continued to fight against Filipino rebels seeking full independence. In response, a group of
famous Americans, including Carl Schurz, Mark Twain, and journalist E.L. Godkin, organized the
Anti–Imperialist League to advocate an end to U.S. involvement in that country. The League's
opposition was based on its interpretation of U.S. history" (Carl Schurz, Platform of the American
Anti–Imperialist League 1899). This war led to the nation administering the burden of babysitting
the Filipinos, which caused debates between imperialist and anti–imperialists over whether or not
we had the right to take such a role and govern these people without their approval. "When next I
realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps, I confess I did not know what to do with
them" (William McKinley, "Decision on the Philippines" 1900). Clashes between the Philippines
and Americans began to emerge around the twentieth–century due to the Filipino's misconstrued
hopes that they would be granted independence, leading to yet another avoidable war for then U.S.:
the Philippine–American War. Therefore, in regards to the nation's want for expansion as well as the
Spanish–American and Philippine–American wars of the twentieth–century, the United States
should have taken a more laissez–faire role to have avoided unnecessary

Effects Of Early Twentieth Century Segregation In The...
"What are the long–term effects of early twentieth century segregation in the US?"
Racism is the belief that some races of people are better than others. This was mainly shown in the
twentieth century in the Southern States. At that time, whites thought that they were predominantly
better than blacks. Whites believed that African–Americans weren't humans because their skin was
not the same as the white community. The whites also discriminated them because they came from
Africa. However, this wasn't the main reason for this.
Segregation is the practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate
from each other. This was a huge problem because in the period after the Civil War many angry
whites separated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The US and World News – USATODAY.com." USA TODAY. The Washington Post, 5 Aug. 2015.
Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
3) Jones, Malone. "USATODAY.com – Racism: Past and Present." USATODAY.com – Racism: Past
and Present. USA TODAY, 18 June 2003. Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
4) Salis, George. "Racism in America." – Stetson Today. Stetson University Today, 2 Oct. 2015.
Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
5) Smith, Mychal Denzel. "Yes, America Has Gotten Better About Racism, but It Really Doesn't
Matter." The Nation. The Nation 150, 22 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
6) Bethea, Brittaney Jewel. "Effects of Segregation Negatively Impact Health | The Source |
Washington University in St. Louis." The Source. Washington University, 05 Nov. 2013. Web. 04
Mar. 2016.
7) Muhammad, Nisa Islam. "The Final Call." Long–term Effects of Systemic Racism Examined.
The Final Call, 21 May 2010. Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
8) "Children and Racism: The Long–term Impact on Health." About Kids Health. American Journal
of Public Health, 8 Aug. 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2016.
9) http://www.medicaldaily.com/racism–linked–depression–anxiety–kids–blacks–hispanics–and–
asians–highest–risk–257605
10) D'Onfornio, Kaitlyn. "Racism in Grade School And Its Damaging Long–Term Effects."
Diversity Inc. Diversity Inc, 5 June 2015. Web. 4 Mar.

How Is Technology Used In The Early Twentieth Century
From a calculator that weighed twenty–seven tons to a slim, multi–purposed object that could fit
right into people's pockets, the development of technology has revolutionized lives all around the
world in just over fifty years. The Silicon Valley in California has become the center of
technological innovation and home to hundreds of tech corporations that would make technology
practical and affordable. Today, technology is found everywhere in people's everyday lives, with
more functions and computing power than what would have ever been imagined in the early
twentieth century. Vast amounts of information lie at the click of a mouse as a result of the evolution
of electronics in the mid–1900s. Through the new ideas of scientists, such as Robert ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Semiconductors such as silicon and germanium were able to display properties of both conductors
and insulators, which made them useful in electronic operations. Germanium was initially used
partly because it was easy to work with, but also because silicon was brittle, hard to purify, and
unable to be mass produced. In turn, Germanium transistors were invented by John Burdeen, Walter
Brattan, and William Shockley in 1947 at Bell Labs, replacing the need for costly and inefficient
vacuum tubes (Lecuyer). The transistor was much smaller, more reliable, and provided the same
important features of the vacuum tube ("The History of the Integrated Circuit"). Nonetheless,
germanium still prompted a problem since it was unstable at high temperatures ("Germanium
Transistors"). Silicon's stability called for the development of a silicon transistor, which was
achieved by Texas Instruments in 1954, giving TI a firm reputation that attracted the attention of
many emerging engineers, who one of which, was Jack Kilby (Reid

The Role Of Social Revolutions In The Early Twentieth Century
Social revolutions in the early twentieth century were caused by a wide variety of things.
Governments and big time merchants were looking for an easy way to do things. The search for
goods would later turn into mass exploitation many different applications. From the King leopold
era even through to the russian revolution. Workers and peasents who are forced to work, most
against their will, will start to rise up to seemingly corupt policies. Before we can look at how
revolutions can to be, we have to look at what started it all. As described in the textbook, there is a
"global interrelatedness" and soon to follow, a world system through colonization and trading.
(Findley, Rothney) Trade routes started to define the shaping of the world and ... Show more content
Ideas of factories and mass productions were like wild fires. Starting off in europe, not only did new
factories create new items, they created new cities and towns that revolved around the factories,
because thats all the people to seem to have time for. Populations went through the roof in the big
production cities. The revolution revitalized hoe people lived, thought, and slept, if they did at all.
With all of the factories, again, you need workers to run the machines. At the time, the textile market
was in a big boom. Capititalist policies had the upper hand, becaise peices and oppurtunities went
high and low as supply and demand would alter. The revolution even effected war and military
technology, certain towns would become centered around building the war machines. In chapeter
two of the textbook, "social darwinism" is brought up. Survival of the fittest will be most peoples
idea in the coming of the next era; who can work and who can not will more than likely determine
who will survive. Because most of the money was going to the company and the factory heads, the
left hardly any for the workers. No money ment no food, so people starved to death. People started
to go against the factories and their government. It seemed obvious that money was being ciphoned
to the officails and not any of the people doing the work. When the french revolution occurred, king
louis and his

During The Early Twentieth Century, Life Changed Drastically
During the early twentieth century, life changed drastically for citizens living throughout Europe.
After the end of World War I, major shifts in economic, social, and political aspects of life led to the
rise of totalitarian governments across Europe. Different forms of totalitarianism sprang up in Italy,
Hungary, Germany, France, Russia, and even Spain, where their civil war resulted in a totalitarian
government. After the devastation wrought by World War I, Europeans became desperate for change
and pondered the thought of nationalistic extremism, extremism leaning towards both right and the
left.
Germany and Italy endured extreme financial stress after the conclusion of World War I. Germany
faced an economic depression as a result of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3). Russia also struggled economically and needed to raise taxes. Wallace demonstrated this point:
"The present money and taxes are often more burdensome than the labour dues in old times"
(Russian Revolution, p. 6). Russians faced difficult economic times as a result of taxes to minimize
the financial impact of the war. Social conditions also changed after WWI ended as European
societies strayed away from democratic ideals. In an attempt to regain pride, European citizens
succumbed to nationalistic movements. Social and political division occurred in Germany as the
Social Democrats enacted the Weimar Constitution, yet the German Workers Party rejected these
principles as they saw the Weimar Republic as illegitimate. Italians faced similar social unrest with
the battle of fascists v. communists, resulting in violent gang warfare. Blackshirts expressed the
support of fascist ideals, whereas the Reds strived to implement communism. Alfred Rocco had this
to say about the fascists merits, "Instead, we substitute our formula: disciplined control of inequality
and thus hierarchy and organization within the state; free competition and struggle in external
relationships between nations, in order that a result of their inequality, those nations should exert
themselves... to the function that devolves on every powerful and capable nation" (Fascism, p. 2).
The people of Italy were highly vulnerable in their weakened state as a nation,

The Police Professionalism Movement In The Early Twentieth...
During the first phases of the police professionalism movement in the early twentieth century,
training came to be viewed as a promising means to develop more responsible officers and agencies
(Klinger,2012). Conversely, due to the progression of society and emerging of technologies, training
has become a basis of American policing as it as it enables and educates enough to carry out their
duties in a fair, effective, and lawful manner (Klinger, 2012). This education comes in a formal
academy that teaches them all they will know is a matter of months. Once this phase is completed,
they are then put out on an apprenticeship with a seasoned officer to learn the tips and tricks of the
trade in the real world. Once this phase is completed and successfully passed, they are then granted
the title of police officer. Many of the topics and task in the academy are repetitive and mundane;
however, there are very important topics that the officers learn ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The force used at the scene of the crime is ultimately left in the hands of the officer; however, when
it is misused or overused it usually leads to a divide between community and law enforcement.
Given the high stake at hand, a formal rule has been placed known as the force continuum which
provides both law enforcement officers and civilians how much force is to be used in a given
situation. Not only does this teach officers how much force to use, but it also teaches officers how to
avoid the use of force in general. They are taught mediation tactics so that if force is not needed, it is
not used at all. This affords the community to not fear police and also stops legal actions and
stigmas from being drawn on all police officers. The riots that take place haven't occurred because a
police did not choke, beat or shoot a civilian they occur because they

Jessie Daniel Ames. In The Early Twentieth Century, Woman
Jessie Daniel Ames In the early twentieth century, woman did not share the right to vote or share
any of the privileges of white mn but worse was the status of the African American who were living
in the negative climate of the south at the time. Jessie Daniel Ames was an early civil rights activist
and Texas Woman suffragist who through determination and perseverance fought to acquire voting
rights for women and to change the lynching laws for blacks in the south. She brought awareness
and change to the minds of individuals living in a white male dominant world. Jesse Harriet Daniel
was born in rural east Texas in 1883, the third out of four children, and grew up during the Indian
wars in an era of widespread vigilantism (p.42). Her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1914 after her husband died, she and her children return to Georgetown where she went to work
at the Georgetown Telephone Company, owned by her mother, also a widow. Both emerged as
competent, tough–minded competitors in a male–dominated business. Without a husband, a boss,
and not dependent on public opinion Ames confidence grew and she emerged as a voice for women.
By the 1916's, the Texas Equal Suffrage Association, called to arms local woman to step up and take
leadership role to for the rights of woman and Ames was the first in Georgetown to answer to call.
Jesse hosted the first Georgetown Suffrage meeting her house and was unanimously elected as
President for the local ESA organization. From there, she broadened her efforts and begin to publish
weekly newspapers columns and speak a gatherings around the state. She quickly became the third
most influential woman in the state movement for woman's right to vote. As a leader in the women's
suffrage movement Ames had many successful accomplishments. When lawmakers passed a bill
that limited women time to register to vote Ames and her fellow suffragettes organized and help
women to get to locations to register. Ames and her co–workers registered 3,800 women in 17 days
and provided voting instructions and mock elections to prepare the women to responsibly use their
new franchise. She coordinated intensive voter education to give women the skills they needed to
vote. In addition, when

Farming Practices In The Early Twentieth Century
Farming Practices in the Early Twentieth Century When the United States Government began
counting the number of farms in 1850, they counted 1.4 million farms, and by 1920, there were over
six million farms. By the early twentieth century, changes in farming practices centered on
technological, mechanical and government policy promoted efficiency in production. These changes
had an enormous effect on productivity. The introduction of the three–wheeled tractor, the use of
hybrid seeds, and fertilizer all increased the productivity of the average size farm in the United
States. Bruce Gardner's book American Agriculture in the Twentieth Century uses United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) statistics to show how changes in farming mechanization and
technology influenced productivity. Gardner cites a 1940 USDA reports listed farmers used the ...
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The three–wheeled tractor was singled out as the one piece of farm equipment with the most
influence on farm production. However, farming in the early twentieth century was not yet strictly
business, but a cultural aspect of rural life many people felt attached to as part of their identity. In
Melissa Walker's book, Southern Farmers Tell Their Stories she notes the pride people associated
with hard work on the farm before World War II were disappearing because of technological
advancements in farm machinery. In the interview with Leota Kuyendall, the idea of hard work on
the farm was a source of pride and fulfillment was noted when she stated she felt the work was done
on her father's farm was more rewarding when compared to the work she did as an adult on a farm.
She admits the work was much harder and the modern conveniences reduced the workload and had
completely changed the nature of the

The Lesbian Experience Of The Early And Mid Twentieth...
The Lesbian experience in the early and mid–twentieth century seemed to be more obscured than
the queer male subcultures. For many lesbians of the early and mid–twentieth century, to live as a
queer woman and to still maintain social respectability meant that lesbians often had to live in the
closet. I believe that that lesbian subculture was unknown and ignored because it was impossible for
women to claim their identity as a lesbian; they were frequently viewed from the outside as sick,
confused, or sinful and no one would want to be considered one. Being a lesbian woman in the
streets was unsafe for them, as they were vulnerable to be followed and harassed by men. Finally, in
this era working–class women were working more and had to keep silent about their sexual identity
because it could cost losing their jobs. Although, by the 1920's there were already a few established
communities of women who identified themselves as lesbians, in places such as Salt Lake City, San
Francisco, and New York. Few women, regardless of their sexual experiences, became part of this
newly lesbian community. For instance, Faderman mentioned, that in small towns, heterosexuals
seemed oblivious that homosexuals even existed; therefore, a woman that was not yet married was
known as a spinster, who is an unmarried woman, typically an older woman beyond the usual age
for marriage (63). Lesbians living in larger cities found an existence that extended beyond the home
and into the bar. These spaces

Mark Twain: Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century
Mark Twain is known as one of the greatest American authors and writer of the late nineteenth and
early twentieth century. Countless people know of Mark Twain's stories; however, you may only
know to a certain extent information about his life. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is also known as
Mark Twain, was born on November 30, 1835 in the ordinary town of Florida, Missouri. He was one
of seven children, and was the second to last child born. Mark's family had a very unfortunate set of
kinsfolk. Several of Twain's siblings died and didn't make it throughout their childhood. Only a part
of his siblings survived, his brother Henry, Orion, and his sister Pamela. At the age of 11 his father
died of pneumonia so Mark decided to leave school and become a printer's apprentice for the
Hannibal Journal to help aid his struggling family. He knew that even though he was no longer
attending school that no matter where he went in life, he could always educate himself by life
experiences and by reading at his local library in the evenings. Mark worked as a printer from the
ages of 18–22 traveling from Missouri to New York, Philadelphia, and St. Louis. He has traveled all
over the world, including the Sandwich Islands (now known as the state of Hawaii). Having said
that; he should have an advantage compared to other stationary writers. His ... Show more content
He compares the two since both are prized because of its rarity. In the next stanza, he proceeds to
tell us that geniuses are people who are weird, wild, and incomprehensible with astonishing facility
or in easier words, something that stands out from the ordinary. He tells us all this just to shut it
down stating that they would go and "get booming drunk and sleep in the gutter." I believe he says
this just to bring geniuses into a category that separates them from normal people. Also that while
they may be geniuses they still get blinded and do reckless activities at

Why Were The Loyalists In The Early Twentieth Century
The loyalists had a long tradition of mural painting, dating back to the early twentieth century in
which they would paint murals to celebrate the Twelfth of July, a day which commemorates the
Protestant victory over Catholics at the Battle of Boyne in 1690. Therefore, many of their murals
reflect not only their ideals but make figurative stabs at the nationalist and Catholic communities.
These types of murals remained mainly a holiday celebration until the 1980's when nationalists,
frustrated at their own inability to legally create similar murals decided to step up and begin doing
so anyway, sparking rapid mural creation on both sides. The republican mural tradition got a slow
start for several reasons. Not only did they lack the cultural celebratory reasons for creating them
that the loyalists had, there were also economic factors at play. A simple ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, while the Red Hand of Ulster was originally used by both sides it came to "symbolize
the loyalists' willingness to fight on, whatever the cost." The Red Hand of Ulster supposedly refers
to a "mythic" contest between local chieftains in which the winner cut off his own hand in order to
win the contest as well as to take control of disputed territory. For the loyalists, they used the symbol
to show that they would sacrifice whatever was necessary to retain control of the territory they saw
as rightfully theirs and to prevent rule by the republican Irish. Loyalists often also used the Union
flag in their mural designs in an effort to link their cause with overall British causes, eliciting
sympathy and support from other British people outside of Northern Ireland. Ultimately, loyalist
murals tried to portray themselves as "heroic guardians of a fragile, but ultimately just, political
system under constant threat from the dangerous and violent "terrorists" of the republican

The Rise Of American Consumerism: Early Twentieth Century
During the early twentieth century, the consumerism began to develop in American. The Americans
economy took several years to begin to recover. The capita grew by thirty percent and
unemployment stayed below five percent. Farmers and Americans still live in poverty and the
wealthy were increasing at the expense of the poor. In the passd, industrial production grew because
of Europe, that was no longer the case because Europe was destroyed by the war. Henry Ford was a
good business man and a leader. Ford owned an auto industry and he developed new techniques The
assembly line was to pay workers to produce products faster. "The five–dollar day," was the plan
created by Ford. However, the Ford idea was successful and other business owners

Jazz: The Early Twentieth Century
Jazz made an early deputation starting in the early twentieth century. Many popular musicians today,
even some less known ones base their style of Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, and
Bing Crosby. These four men changed the way people look at jazz today. In today's era, it is
impossible for one not to find a jazz club. There are live jazz concerts, watching online, small local
bars that perform jazz music and big venues like Lincoln Center that have jazz performances. Jazz
evolved into the everyday lives of certain people. There are many deals online that offers free jazz
performances as long as one reserves a ticket before hand. I was lucky enough to see a free jazz
performance at The Cell Theatre on November 7. The jazz performance

The Influence Of Irish Music In Nineteenth And Early...
While I lack sources specifically on the Irish in the American music industry and song writing
business of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, I am able to draw from other works that
highlight relevant threads–such as immigration, Irish music, stereotyping, and identity–throughout
my thesis. Scholarly writings (historical or otherwise) on the social dynamics found in and around
the Irish influences in popular music produced in America around the turn of the twentieth century
come in short supply. William H. Williams seems to be the only scholar to have extensively written
about Irish and Irish–American song in the United States after the nineteenth century. Another
honorable mention is due to musician and scholar, Mick Moloney, who studied the Irish presence on
the American stage (vaudeville).

Consumerism In America During The Early Twentieth Century
The consumerism that developed in America during the early twentieth Century could be described
as a big appetite for consumer goods. The production for goods came about when industrial
production of Europe had been destroyed by the war, which allowed American goods to become the
dominant product available in Europe(Schultz,2014). New ways of production and payment to the
American worker also came into play. Most businesses recognized that if they paid their workers a
reasonable salary, then they could afford to buy products, including their own. Some companies
realized that when they have happy workers, they tend to more productive at work. With these
changes, the industry started to change from a railroad and steel industry to being driven

The Best Invention Of The Early Twentieth Century
America has had multiple inventions in its short lifespan, but one stands out above the rest. The
invention of the airplane in 1903 by Wilbur and Orville Wright was only the beginning of something
that would change the world forever. The airplane is still used today to travel around the world at a
much faster pace than a boat. While it has been used to mainly help people they are also used to hurt
people. The army uses planes to drop bombs, shoot down planes and threats on the ground, and to
survey an area. While these are just cases of military uses the airplane has also been used to do
horrible things such as the terrorist attack on the twin towers in New York on september eleventh
2001(9/11 attacks), The airplane was the best invention of the early twentieth century because it
created a means of travelling across the world with ease, created a new weapon to fight wars, and it
united America. Flying has always been an action that man has observed. "The dream of flying is as
old as mankind itself"("History of the airplane"). For centuries humans have dreamed of flying
through the air, however they have never been able to. Many have tried but their design would
always fail."Ornithopter, machine designed to fly by the flapping of its wings in imitation of birds.
The wooden bird said to have been made about 400 bc by Archytas of Tarentum is one of the earliest
examples. The Greek myth of Daedalus and Icarus involves man's use of wings in the manner of
birds. Leonardo da Vinci

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