This notes related to personal understanding between two nouns of framework and model; where these two terms often used as an argument in doctoral study.

1. Framework / Model
clarity is Important when deciding on contribution to the existing knowledge ,
therefore this note is an attempt to unwind the definition and concept between
two nouns called “framework” and “model”
PhdNotes by Bakhreza Talip

2. Framework
Image result from Google

3. Model
Image result from Google

4. observation
• Can you see differences between two Google Image result
that relates to keyword “Model” and “Framework”?
• Following slide demonstrate my own understanding about
“model” and “framework” inspired by observation on
Google Image result.
• Therefore, please use this note with caution. If possible, take
time to consult with other sources.

5. Excerpt from internet :
• Layered structure
• A set of ideas or facts that
provide support for something.
• Interrelated structure of
something.
• The basic structure of
something.
Framework
brief definition
( source : Google) ( source : dictionary.reference.com)
noun :
• a skeletal structure
designed to support
or enclose something.

6. noun :
• A standard or example for imitation or
comparison.
• A representation, generally in miniature, to show
the construction or appearance of something.
• An image in clay, wax, or the like, to be
reproduced in more durable material.
• A person or thing that serves as a subject for an
artist, sculptor, writer, etc.
• A style or design of a particular product.
Model
brief definition
( source : dictionary.reference.com)
adjective :
• Serving as an example.
• worthy to serve as an exemplary.
• Being a small or miniature
version of something.

7. Model
description of look
• Something built or drawn esp. to show how something much larger would look.
source : Frank Veroustraete @
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_state_the_difference_between_a_framework_and_a_model_in_research
Image : Google ( keywords - house model ; tree model ; furniture model ; Chinese teapot model ; Car model ; human model )
model of house made from Lego blocks
model of vintage Asian Tea set
model of car
model of office chair
model of Christmas Trees
model of human face

8. Model
description of facts
• A representation of something in words or numbers that can be used to tell what is likely
to happen if particular facts are considered as true.
source : Frank Veroustraete @
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_state_the_difference_between_a_framework_and_a_model_in_research
An example on representation of model with words. This type of model
can be referred as conceptual model for things.
An example on representation of model with numbers. This type of model
can be referred as statistical model represent numerical data.

9. Model
description of facts with numbers or statistically
source : Google Images / keywords ( statistical model , statistical model of population growth )
A statistical model describing annual population
growth between 2002 and 2012 A statistical model describing male and female population by age in 2009
and prediction in 2050
A statistical model describing death rate of male population in New Zealand

10. Model
description of facts ( what is likely to happen) with words
A box model describing web development using CSS
A flowchart model describing process
A waterfall model describing stage in software development lifecycle
A model describing product lifecycle
source : Google Images / keyword - ( waterfall model ; box model ; flowchart model ; lifecycle model; data model)
A data model describing type of data for “customer” and “address”

11. noun :
someone or something that is an extremely good example of its type, esp. when a
copy can be based on it: She was a model of loyalty and stuck by him even after he
went to jail.
noun (person):
A person employed to wear esp. new, fashionable clothes to show how the clothes
look and to make them look attractive: Models paraded down the ramp to show off
the latest fashions of Paris and New York. › A model is also a person employed to
show his or her body to be drawn or photographed by those studying the human form.
noun (machine):
a particular type of device or machine that is different in quality, style, or some other
feature from others that have the same use: This car comes in a two-door and a four-
door model. We were shown large and small models of air conditioners. model
Model
definition as noun
source : Frank Veroustraete @
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_state_the_difference_between_a_framework_and_a_model_in_research

12. model verb ( Representation):
to form something from a plastic substance such as clay, or to use a plastic substance to make a form of
something: to model a face She modelled the clay into a sculpture.
noun (Good Example):
to create something by basing its form or appearance on something else: The state building was modelled on the
US Capitol in Washington, D.C
noun (Wearing Clothes):
to wear new, fashionable clothes to show how the clothes look and to make them look attractive, esp. at a fashion
show (a special occasion for people to see new clothes) or for photographs in a magazine, newspaper, etc.: She
will be modelling the new line of spring coats model.
Model
definition as verb
source : Frank Veroustraete @
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_state_the_difference_between_a_framework_and_a_model_in_research

13. Framework
Excerpt from internet :
• Ideal structure of something
• A set of ideas or facts that
provide support for something.
• Interrelated structure of
something.
• The basic structure of
something.

14. Framework
consists of theories, models, concepts and methods.
Creating a framework is build up the necessary structure for the study or research proposal.
The term "framework" was originally used in the IT sector.
A philosophy of science.
source : Detlef Brem @
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_state_the_difference_between_a_framework_and_a_model_in_research
Image illustration on “framework construction” ( source: Google )

15. Framework
A philosophy of science : Education
This example excerpt from
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:22640776~menuPK:282391~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html
STEP

16. Framework
A philosophy of science : Management
This example excerpt from
http://www.theprofessionaldigest.com/2014/02/customer-experience-management-CXM-CEM-overview-Implementation-Process-guideline.html
CXM

17. Framework
A philosophy of science : Food
This example excerpt from http://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/viewer/initiative_08.07.01_u
Food Pyramid

18. Framework
A philosophy of science : Learning
This example excerpt from http://elearningrnps.global2.vic.edu.au/files/2014/05/padagogy-version2-1rv2wvp.png
Pedagogy Wheel

19. Framework
A philosophy of science : Enterprise Architecture
This example excerpt from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachman_Framework
“Zachman Rules”

20. Framework
A philosophy of science : Decision Making
This example excerpt from http://www.genesismc.co.uk/blog/effective-decision-making/
Genesis

21. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Web Solutions
This example excerpt from http://www.trigent.com/technology/microsoft/cloud-applications-on-azure.html
“ Cloud Hosting ”

22. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Cloud Computing
This example excerpt from https://dotnet.github.io/orleans/Introduction
“ Orleans”

23. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Geographic Information System (GIS)
This example excerpt from http://www.upande.com/services
“Component of GIS”

24. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Geographic Information System (GIS)
This example excerpt from http://www.soil-net.com/dev/page.cfm?pageid=casestudies_gis&loginas=anon_casestudies
“GIS Setup”

25. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Software
This example excerpt from http://www.wilsonmar.com/msdotnet.htm and more details can be retrieved from
http://www.academictutorials.com/microsoft.net/dotnet-framework.asp

26. Framework
In Information Technology (IT) sector : Server
This example excerpt from https://oraclenz.wordpress.com/2008/09/07/overview-of-the-oracle-application-server-1012-part-i/
“ The OracleAS Middle”

27. Model
• detail representation.
• An example.
• Present pattern.
• May not formed as framework.
• An outcome or appearance of something.
• Narrow
• Concrete view of something.
• Dependable on structure of something.
• Display independently in well-organised structure and
not necessarily have name for it.
• Exist in many form in a study.
• May be a part of or excerpt from created framework.
Framework
• skeletal structure
• A set of ideas or facts
• Structuring function of concepts / theories /
models/ methods
• May consist model.
• Wider
• Interrelated structure of something.
• Conceptual view of something
• Often have name and display in well-organised
and holistic structure.
• Exist once and comprehensively formulated.

28. Prepared by :
Bakhreza A Talip
Lecturer/PhD Candidate