MET CS 669 Database Design and Implementation for BusinessLab .docx

MET CS 669 Database Design and Implementation for Business
Lab 5: Subqueries
Overview of the Lab
In this lab we learn to work with subqueries, which significantly
extend the expressional power of queries. Through the use of
subqueries, a single query can extract result sets that could not
be extracted without subqueries. Subqueries enable the query
creator to ask the database for many complex structures in a
single query. This lab teaches you the mechanics crafting SQL
queries that harness the power of subqueries to handle more
complex use cases.
From a technical perspective, together, we will learn:
· what correlated and uncorrelated subqueries are and the theory
supporting both.
· to use subqueries that return a single value, a list of values,
and a table of values.
· to use subqueries that use aggregation.
· to address use cases by using uncorrelated subqueries in the
column select list, the where clause, and the from clause.
· to address use cases by using correlated subqueries and an
EXIST clause in the WHERE clause.
Lab 5 Explanations Reminder
As a reminder, it is important to read through the Lab 5
Explanation document to successfully complete this lab,
available in the assignment inbox alongside this lab. The
explanation document illustrates how to correctly execute each

SQL construct step-by-step, and explains important theoretical
and practical details.
Other Reminders
· The examples in this lab will execute in modern versions of
Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL as is.
· The screenshots in this lab display execution of SQL in the
default SQL clients supported in the course – Oracle SQL
Developer, SQL Server Management Studio, and pgAdmin – but
your screenshots may vary somewhat as different version of
these clients are released.
· Don’t forget to commit your changes if you work on the lab in
different sittings, using the “COMMIT” command, so that you
do not lose your work.
Section One – Subqueries
Section Background
In this lab, you will practice crafting subqueries for the schema
illustrated below.
This schema’s structure supports basic medical product and
currency information for an international medical supplier,
including store locations, the products they sell, shipping
offerings, the currency each location accepts, as well as
conversion factors for converting from U.S. dollars into the

accepted currency. Due to the specific and technical nature of
the names of medical products, the supplier also keeps a list of
alternative names for each product that may help customers
identify them. This schema models prices and exchange rates at
a specific point in time. While a real-world schema would make
provision for changes to prices and exchange rates over time,
the tables needed to support this have been intentionally
excluded from our schema, because their addition would add
unneeded complexity on your journey of learning subqueries,
expressions, and value manipulation. The schema has just the
right amount of complexity for your learning.
The data for the tables is listed below.
Currencies
Name
Ratio
British Pound
0.67
Canadian Dollar
1.34
US Dollar
1.00
Euro
0.92
Mexican Peso
16.76
Store Locations
Name

Currency
Berlin Extension
Euro
Cancun Extension
Mexican Peso
London Extension
British Pound
New York Extension
US Dollar
Toronto Extension
Canadian Dollar
Product
Name
US Dollar Price
Glucometer
$50
Bag Valve Mask
$25
Digital Thermometer
$250
Electronic Stethoscope
$350
Handheld Pulse Oximeter
$450

Sells
Store Location
Product
Berlin Extension
Glucometer
Berlin Extension
Bag Valve Mask
Berlin Extension
Digital Thermometer
Berlin Extension
Cancun Extension
Bag Valve Mask
Cancun Extension
Digital Thermometer
Cancun Extension
London Extension
Glucometer
London Extension
Bag Valve Mask
London Extension
Digital Thermometer
London Extension
London Extension
New York Extension
Glucometer
New York Extension
Bag Valve Mask
New York Extension
Digital Thermometer
New York Extension

New York Extension
Toronto Extension
Glucometer
Toronto Extension
Bag Valve Mask
Toronto Extension
Digital Thermometer
Toronto Extension
Toronto Extension
Shipping_offering
Offering
Same Day
Overnight
Two Day

Offers
Store Location
Shipping Offering
Berlin Extension
Two Day
Cancun Extension
Two Day
London Extension
Same Day
London Extension
Overnight
London Extension
Two Day
New York Extension
Overnight
New York Extension
Two Day
Toronto Extension
Two Day
Alternate Names
Name
Product

Glucose Meter
Glucometer
Blood Glucose Meter
Glucometer
Glucose Monitoring System
Glucometer
Thermometer
Digital Thermometer
Ambu Bag
Bag Valve Mask
Oxygen Bag Valve Mask
Oxygen Bag Valve Mask
Cardiology Stethoscope
Portable Pulse Oximeter
Handheld Pulse Oximeter System
The DDL and DML to create and populate the tables in the
schema are listed below. You can copy and paste this into your
SQL client to create and populate the tables.
DROP TABLE Sells;
DROP TABLE Offers;
DROP TABLE Store_location;
DROP TABLE Alternate_name;
DROP TABLE Product;
DROP TABLE Currency;
DROP TABLE Shipping_offering;

CREATE TABLE Currency (
currency_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
currency_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
us_dollars_to_currency_ratio DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Store_location (
store_location_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
store_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
currency_accepted_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Product (
product_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
product_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
price_in_us_dollars DECIMAL(12,2) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Sells (
sells_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
product_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL,
store_location_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Shipping_offering (
shipping_offering_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY
KEY,
offering VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Offers (
offers_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
store_location_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL,
shipping_offering_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE Alternate_name (
alternate_name_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
product_id DECIMAL(12) NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE Store_location

ADD CONSTRAINT fk_location_to_currency FOREIGN
KEY(currency_accepted_id) REFERENCES
Currency(currency_id);
ALTER TABLE Sells
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_sells_to_product FOREIGN
KEY(product_id) REFERENCES Product(product_id);
ALTER TABLE Sells
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_sells_to_location FOREIGN
KEY(store_location_id) REFERENCES
Store_location(store_location_id);
ALTER TABLE Offers
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_offers_to_location FOREIGN
KEY(store_location_id) REFERENCES
Store_location(store_location_id);
ALTER TABLE Offers
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_offers_to_offering FOREIGN
KEY(shipping_offering_id)
REFERENCES Shipping_offering(shipping_offering_id);
ALTER TABLE Alternate_name
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_name_to_product FOREIGN
KEY(product_id)
REFERENCES Product(product_id);
INSERT INTO Currency(currency_id, currency_name,
us_dollars_to_currency_ratio)
VALUES(1, 'Britsh Pound', 0.67);
VALUES(2, 'Canadian Dollar', 1.34);

VALUES(3, 'US Dollar', 1.00);
VALUES(4, 'Euro', 0.92);
VALUES(5, 'Mexican Peso', 16.76);
INSERT INTO Shipping_offering(shipping_offering_id,
offering)
VALUES (50, 'Same Day');
offering)
VALUES (51, 'Overnight');
offering)
VALUES (52, 'Two Day');
--Glucometer
INSERT INTO Product(product_id, product_name,
price_in_us_dollars)
VALUES(100, 'Glucometer', 50);
INSERT INTO Alternate_name(alternate_name_id, name,
product_id)
VALUES(10000, 'Glucose Meter', 100);
product_id)
VALUES(10001, 'Blood Glucose Meter', 100);
product_id)
VALUES(10002, 'Glucose Monitoring System', 100);
--Bag Valve Mask
VALUES(101, 'Bag Valve Mask', 25);

product_id)
VALUES(10003, 'Ambu Bag', 101);
product_id)
VALUES(10004, 'Oxygen Bag Valve Mask', 101);
--Digital Thermometer
VALUES(102, 'Digital Thermometer', 250);
product_id)
VALUES(10005, 'Thermometer', 102);
--Electronic Stethoscope
VALUES(103, 'Electronic Stethoscope', 350);
product_id)
VALUES(10006, 'Cardiology Stethoscope', 103);
--Handheld Pulse Oximeter
VALUES(104, 'Handheld Pulse Oximeter', 450);
product_id)
VALUES(10007, 'Portable Pulse Oximeter', 104);
product_id)
VALUES(10008, 'Handheld Pulse Oximeter System', 104);
--Berlin Extension
INSERT INTO Store_location(store_location_id, store_name,

currency_accepted_id)
VALUES(10, 'Berlin Extension', 4);
INSERT INTO Sells(sells_id, store_location_id, product_id)
VALUES(1000, 10, 100);
VALUES(1001, 10, 101);
VALUES(1002, 10, 102);
VALUES(1003, 10, 104);
INSERT INTO Offers(offers_id, store_location_id,
shipping_offering_id)
VALUES(150, 10, 52);
--Cancun Extension
VALUES(11, 'Cancun Extension', 5);
VALUES(1004, 11, 101);
VALUES(1005, 11, 102);
VALUES(1006, 11, 104);
VALUES(151, 11, 52);
--London Extension
VALUES(12, 'London Extension', 1);
VALUES(1007, 12, 100);
VALUES(1008, 12, 101);

VALUES(1009, 12, 102);
VALUES(1010, 12, 103);
VALUES(1011, 12, 104);
VALUES(152, 12, 50);
VALUES(153, 12, 51);
VALUES(154, 12, 52);
--New York Extension
VALUES(13, 'New York Extension', 3);
VALUES(1012, 13, 100);
VALUES(1013, 13, 101);
VALUES(1014, 13, 102);
VALUES(1015, 13, 103);
VALUES(1016, 13, 104);
VALUES(155, 13, 51);
VALUES(156, 13, 52);

--Toronto Extension
VALUES(14, 'Toronto Extension', 2);
VALUES(1017, 14, 100);
VALUES(1018, 14, 101);
VALUES(1019, 14, 102);
VALUES(1020, 14, 103);
VALUES(1021, 14, 104);
VALUES(157, 14, 52);
As a reminder, for each step that requires SQL, make sure to
capture a screenshot of the command and the results of its
execution. Further, make sure to eliminate unneeded columns
from the result set, to name your columns something user-
friendly and human readable, and to format any prices as
currencies.
Section Steps
1. Create the tables in the schema, including all of their
columns, datatypes, and constraints, and populate the tables
with data. You can do so by executing the DDL and DML above
in your SQL client. You only need to capture one or two

demonstrative screenshots for this step. No need to screenshot
execution of every line of code (that could require dozens of
screenshots).
2. Write two queries which together retrieve the price of a
digital thermometer in London. The first query will retrieve the
currency ratio for the currency accepted in London. Your
second query will hardcode the currency ratio retrieved in the
first query, in order to determine the price of the thermometer
in London. The first query should be dynamic in that the needed
currency should be looked up rather than hardcoded. That is, the
currency should be obtained by looking up the currency the
store location accepts, not hardcoded by manually eyeballing
the tables yourself.
3. In step 2, you determined the price of a digital thermometer
in London by writing two queries. For this step, determine the
same by writing a single query that contains an uncorrelated
subquery. Explain:
a. how your solution makes use of the uncorrelated subquery to
help retrieve the result
we embed the query that retrieves the ratio for Euros. The
embedded query is termed a subquery because it resides inside
of another query. The subquery has the advantage that should
the ratio change over time, the overall query will always
retrieve the correct results
b. how and when the uncorrelated subquery is executed in the
context of the outer query, and

The result of the subquery does not depend on which product
price is retrieved. The ratio of the Euro is the ratio of the Euro;
the ratio does not vary if the prices of the products vary. So the
SQL engine executes the subquery on its own.
c. the advantages of this solution over your solution for step 2.
Place a subquery inside of another subquery. It means where we
place a subquery determines the role results play in the outer
query.
4. Imagine a charity in London is hosting a fundraiser to
purchase medical supplies for organizations that provide care to
people in impoverished areas. The charity is targeting both
people with average income as well a few wealthier people, and
to this end asks for a selection of products both groups can
contribute to purchase. Specifically, for the average income
group, they would like to know what products cost less than 25
Euros, and for the wealthier group, they would like to know
what products cost more than 300 Euros.
a. Develop a single query to provide them this result, which
should contain uncorrelated subqueries and should list the
names of the products as well as their prices in Euros.
b. Explain how what each subquery does, its role in the overall
query, and how the subqueries were integrated to give the
correct results.
In the list cost more than 300 and less than 25, because of the
subquery in the WHERE clause.
5. Imagine that Denisha is a traveling doctor who works for an
agency that sends her to various locations throughout the world
with very little notice. As a result, she needs to know about
medical supplies that are available in all store locations (not
just some locations). This way, regardless of where she is sent,
she knows she can purchase those products. She is also

interested in viewing the alternate names for these products, so
she is absolutely certain what each product is.
Note: It is important to Denisha that she can purchase the
product in any location; only products sold in all stores should
be listed, that is, if a product is sold in some stores, but not all
stores, it should not be listed.
a. Develop a single query to list out these results, making sure
to use uncorrelated subqueries where needed (one subquery will
be put into the WHERE clause of the outer query).
b. Explain how what each subquery does, its role in the overall
query, and how the subqueries were integrated to give the
correct results.
In your thinking about how to address this use case, one item
should be brought to your attention – the phrase “all store
locations”. By eyeballing the data, you can determine the
number of locations and hardcode that number, which will
satisfy Denisha’s request at this present time; however, as the
number of locations change over time (with stores opening or
closing), such hardcoding would fail. It’s better to dynamically
determine the total number of locations in the query itself so
that the results are correct over time.
6. For this problem you will write a single query to address the
same use case as in step 5, but change your query so that the
main uncorrelated subquery is in the FROM clause rather than
in the WHERE clause. The results should be the same as in step
5, except of course possibly row ordering which can vary.
Explain how you integrated the subquery into the FROM clause
to derive the same results as step 5.
7. For this problem you will write a single query to address the
same use case as in step 5, but change your query to use a
correlated query combined with an EXISTS clause. The results

should be the same as in step 5, except of course possibly row
ordering which can vary. Explain:
a. how your solution makes use of the correlated subquery and
EXISTS clause to help retrieve the result
b. how and when the correlated subquery is executed in the
context of the outer query.
8. Compare and contrast the construction of the three different
queries you developed in steps 5-7, which all address the same
use case. What advantages and disadvantages do each
construction have over the others? Which do you prefer and
why?
Evaluation
Your lab will be reviewed by your facilitator or instructor with
the following criteria and grade breakdown.
Use the Ask the Facilitators Discussion Forum if you have any
questions regarding how to approach this lab. Make sure to
include your name in the filename and submit it in the
Assignments section of the course.

of 11
Copyright 2016, 2018-2019 Boston University. All Rights
Reserved.
Page 9 of 10
Criterion A B C DF
Letter
Grade
Correctness and
Completeness of
Results (70%)
All steps' results are
entirely complete and
correct
About ¾ of the steps'
results are correct and
complete
About half of the steps'
complete
About ¼ of the steps'
complete
Virtually none of the
step's results are correct
and complete
Constitution of
SQL and
Explanations
(30%)

Excellent use and
integration of
appropriate SQL
constructs and
supporting
explanations
Good use and
integration of
appropriate SQL
constructs and
supporting
explanations
Mediocre use and
integration of
appropriate SQL
constructs and
supporting
explanations
Substandard use and
integration of
appropriate SQL
constructs and
supporting
explanations
Virtually all SQL
constructs and supporting
explanations are
unsuitable or improperly
integrated
Assignment Grade:#N/A
The resulting grade is calculated as a weighted average as listed
using A+=100, A=96, A-=92, B+=88, B=85, B-=82 etc.
To obtain an A grade for the course, your weighted average
should be >=95, A- >=90, B+ >=87, B >= 82, B- >= 80 etc.
Sheet1Criterion A B C DFLetter GradeCorrectness and
Completeness of Results (70%) All steps' results are entirely

complete and correctAbout ¾ of the steps' results are correct
and completeAbout half of the steps' results are correct and
completeAbout ¼ of the steps' results are correct and
completeVirtually none of the step's results are correct and
completeConstitution of SQL and Explanations (30%)Excellent
use and integration of appropriate SQL constructs and
supporting explanationsGood use and integration of appropriate
SQL constructs and supporting explanationsMediocre use and
integration of appropriate SQL constructs and supporting
explanationsSubstandard use and integration of appropriate SQL
constructs and supporting explanationsVirtually all SQL
constructs and supporting explanations are unsuitable or
improperly integratedAssignment Grade:ERROR:#N/AThe
resulting grade is calculated as a weighted average as listed
using A+=100, A=96, A-=92, B+=88, B=85, B-=82 etc.To
obtain an A grade for the course, your weighted average should
be >=95, A- >=90, B+ >=87, B >= 82, B- >= 80
etc.A+100A96A-92B+88B85B-82C+78C75C-72D67F0
Productproduct_id
{pk}product_nameprice_in_us_dollarsSellssells_id
{pk}product_id {fk1}store_location_id
{fk2}Currencycurrency_id
{pk}currency_nameus_dollars_to_currency_ratioStore_locations
tore_location_id {pk}store_namecurrency_accepted_id
{fk1}uses0..*1..1has1..10..*has1..10..*Shipping_offeringshippi
ng_offering_id {pk}offeringhasOffersoffers_id
{pk}store_location_id {fk1}shipping_offering_id
{fk2}has1..11..11..*0..*1..1Alternate_Namealtername_name_id
{pk}nameproduct_id {fk1}has1..*1..1
Product
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
product_id {pk}
product_name
price_in_us_dollars
Sells

<<Stereotype>>
parameter
sells_id {pk}
product_id {fk1}
store_location_id {fk2}
Currency
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
currency_id {pk}
currency_name
us_dollars_to_currency_ratio
Store_location
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
store_location_id {pk}
store_name
currency_accepted_id {fk1}
uses
M1
M2
M3
M4
0..*
1..1
has
M1
M2
M3
M4
1..1
0..*
has
M1
M2
M3
M4

1..1
0..*
Shipping_offering
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
shipping_offering_id {pk}
offering
has
M1
M2
M3
M4
Offers
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
offers_id {pk}
store_location_id {fk1}
shipping_offering_id {fk2}
has
M1
M2
M3
M4
1..1
1..1
1..*
0..*
1..1
Alternate_Name
<<Stereotype>>
parameter
altername_name_id {pk}
name
product_id {fk1}
has
M1

M2
M3
M4
1..*
1..1
UNIT 6 LEARNING ACTIVITES
Select five activities. Type all activities on one document.
Name that document, “Unit Six Activities,” label each activity
by number, and do not submit until all five items have been
completed.All videos and readings necessary for completion of
the following activities are located either in “Unit Six to Read”
or “Unit Six to View.” Practice sites will be posted with Unit
Six “To Do.”
Activity One: Watch the “TurnItIn” video (Found in Unit Six
to View) and then list the steps for turning in one of your essays
for a plagiarism check.
1
Work Time Required: About 20 minutes.
Activity Two: View the video on EasyBib. Then, click on the
url link found as first item in “Unit Six to Read”(url.htm) link
and select, “MLA 8th Edition” from the list found under the
heading, “Our Guides.” Select and read, “Fundamentals of an
MLA Citation” and list the core elements of an MLA 8 citation,
as they are described in the guide.
2
Work Time Required: About 15-20 minutes
Activity Three: Now, continue to work on the same page and
select any three of the “How to Cite…” options on the menu.
(Website, book and journal) List the information you should

gather for the three types of sources you have selected. 1. (For
Example, if I want to correctly cite a journal, I need to include
the following information…)
3
Work Time Required: About 20-30 minutes.
Activity Four: Open the link for your Reading Workout
Challenge. (Found in “To Do” Follow the directions to read and
respond in writing. Hint! If you copy and paste the workout
pages into your saved activities document, you will be able to
type your answers directly onto the pages.
4
Work Time Required: About 30 minutes
Activity Five: Open and study the sample MLA Works Cited
Sample Page (Found in Unit 6 to View.) Create a “Works
Cited” page by using EasyBib to cite any five sources you have
used for your ENG. 111 essays. Refer to the video on EasyBib
and the sample page if you need more information as to how
you should set up your citing page or use EasyBib
5
6
Activity Six: (Revision and editing) Visit the Roane State
Community College site for revision (Located in “To Read” and
select Guide to Comma Use and Run-on Sentences from the
side-bar menu. Study the information and examples carefully.
Correct the errors found in the student-written paragraph below.

State the type of error and how you corrected it. Feel free to
comment on errors other than those of punctuation and sentence
construction if you wish.
Activity Six Revise Paragraph cont…..
Transgenders base their sexual preference on sexuality
feelings and personal reasoning. In reality not all humans will
be the same so a new change has been developed; in which
being transgender is the world's new change today. Certain
people in today's society have yet to accept them and they
behave cruelly towards them. Transgenders have their reasons
and purposes for becoming who they are and always wanted to
be because they have to be comfortable with themselves if not
can cause mental health issues. They undergo many procedures
and through a process to express themselves, through the
correct and believable way of their mindsets. So they have to be
strong sometimes independent and maybe have someone by their
side. Everyone deserves to be happy accepted and free into
today’s world, no one should be left out because of their
sexuality. The world believes appearance is all what matters to
but that's not true.
Activity Seven: Read each statement below. Respond in the left
column as to whether you agree (A) or disagree (D) with each
statement. Think about why you agree or disagree and write one
sentence explaining you viewpoint.
7
Before Reading
Agree/Disagree
Statement/Question
After Reading
Agree/Disagree
1. Recreational use of marijuana is harmful.

2. Consuming marijuana by smoking can harm the lungs.
3. Marijuana is an intoxicant.
4. Marijuana can result in slowed reaction times.
5. Continued use of marijuana can result in adverse changes in
the brain.
Activity Eight:Go to Unit 6 to View and click on the link for
Cornell Notetaking (Cornell System Educational Videos |
WatchKnowLearn) and choose Podcast # 6. View the podcast.
Stop the video and follow the directions for preparing a page for
Cornell Notetaking, and, then, take notes as you listen to the
video on the effects of marijuana on the brain. (Found in Unit 6
to View) You can stop the video by clicking on the screen if the
narrative moves too quickly for you, but remember, you cannot
stop your professor in the middle of a lecture. When you are
finished, recreate your front page of notes in M. Word and copy
and paste it into your activities submission. Be sure to include a
summary of the page. Use the summary cheat sheet (Found in
Unit 6 to View” if you need help writing your summary.
8
9
Activity Nine:Select and submit any one of the essays you have

written for English 111 to the Brainfuse link found on the menu
located on the left side of your homepage. Compare the
feedback you receive from Brainfuse with that you received
from your instructor.
9
100
Activity Ten: Open the link below and study the template it
contains. Discuss how using a template when planning an essay
is useful.
Doc2 Five Paragraph Essay Structure Unit Six.docx

MET CS 669 Database Design and Implementation for BusinessLab .docx

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