Friendship In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle values friendship so highly that he argues friendship replaces justice. Friendship, he argues, is necessary for life, since no one would choose to live without friends . Aristotle believes that there are three different kinds of friendship: the friendship of utility, of pleasure, and of virtue. The virtuous friendship is the highest form of friendship and one of the greatest achievements one can attain. Aristotle argues that friendship must be highly valued because it is a complete virtue; friendship is both honorable and virtuous. In addition, Aristotle describes people who engage in the love of utility and the love of pleasure as people who set up relationships for their own personal gain. Aristotle believes that virtuous friendship is the most highly valued form of friendship, and friendship for utility or pleasure are not on the same level. I argue that true friendship will be complete embodiment of all three forms of friendship. Therefore, one should strive for friendship that is virtuous and also includes the senses of pleasure and utility in it. Friendships of pleasure are based on joy in other people's company alone.Friendship of pleasure would be a sexual relationship without a commitment, ‘beer drinking’ buddies. People who make jokes or have a sense of humor are said to have this kind of friendship. For example, most times people Sara works with are not seen outside of work unless they have activities in common with her. Another instance, Sara enjoys spending time with Sami such as going shopping, throwing a party, and eating at restaurants because he is very wealthy ,so he is the one who takes care of all her expenses , conversely, take advantage of having fun with her. However, when these people no longer enjoy doing or sharing the activity, the friendship will come to an end shortly. Friendships of utility are those friendships that are useful to each or only one of the friends. For instance, Anna is being friendly to her neighbor because Anna’s neighbor takes care of her children when she is out. Also, when Anna’s neighbor is on vacation, Anna waters her neighbor’s flowers. Another example would be about two students sit next to each other in class, and share notes with one another when they miss a class . In addition, the relationship between a car salesman and a buyer .The car salesman needs the customer because he has to make a living, and the buyer needs the salesman because he needs a car. Therefore, the two friends take care of each other in the case of one’s absences. Their friendship is useful to both parties but does not go beyond its utility. Friendships of virtue are based on mutual respect and admiration, regardless of utility or pleasure. As long as these friends have similar values and goals, their relationship lasts because its primary motive is to take care of the other person. This kind of relationship takes longer to develop than the other two kinds, since it.

1. Friendship
In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle values friendship so
highly that he argues friendship replaces justice. Friendship, he
argues, is necessary for life, since no one would choose to live
without friends . Aristotle believes that there are three different
kinds of friendship: the friendship of utility, of pleasure, and of
virtue. The virtuous friendship is the highest form of friendship
and one of the greatest achievements one can attain. Aristotle
argues that friendship must be highly valued because it is a
complete virtue; friendship is both honorable and virtuous. In
addition, Aristotle describes people who engage in the love of
utility and the love of pleasure as people who set up
relationships for their own personal gain. Aristotle believes that
virtuous friendship is the most highly valued form of friendship,
and friendship for utility or pleasure are not on the same level. I
argue that true friendship will be complete embodiment of all
three forms of friendship. Therefore, one should strive for
friendship that is virtuous and also includes the senses of
pleasure and utility in it.
Friendships of pleasure are based on joy in other people's
company alone.Friendship of pleasure would be a sexual
relationship without a commitment, ‘beer drinking’ buddies.
People who make jokes or have a sense of humor are said to
have this kind of friendship. For example, most times people
Sara works with are not seen outside of work unless they have
activities in common with her. Another instance, Sara enjoys
spending time with Sami such as going shopping, throwing a
party, and eating at restaurants because he is very wealthy ,so
he is the one who takes care of all her expenses , conversely,
take advantage of having fun with her. However, when these
people no longer enjoy doing or sharing the activity, the

2. friendship will come to an end shortly.
Friendships of utility are those friendships that are useful to
each or only one of the friends. For instance, Anna is being
friendly to her neighbor because Anna’s neighbor takes care of
her children when she is out. Also, when Anna’s neighbor is on
vacation, Anna waters her neighbor’s flowers. Another example
would be about two students sit next to each other in class, and
share notes with one another when they miss a class . In
addition, the relationship between a car salesman and a buyer
.The car salesman needs the customer because he has to make a
living, and the buyer needs the salesman because he needs a car.
Therefore, the two friends take care of each other in the case of
one’s absences. Their friendship is useful to both parties but
does not go beyond its utility.
Friendships of virtue are based on mutual respect and
admiration, regardless of utility or pleasure. As long as these
friends have similar values and goals, their relationship lasts
because its primary motive is to take care of the other person.
This kind of relationship takes longer to develop than the other
two kinds, since it involves the enjoyment of each other's
character. Virtuous relation requires moral characteristics such
as courage, generosity, honesty, and loyalty. The virtuous
friend is sincerely glad to see his friend get married or get a
promotion, even if it means they will have less time to spend
with each other, or will not be as important a business
connection. When two people recognize that they have similar
goals and values, their relationship will be based on loving each
other and wanting what is good for them. This is the best kind
of friendship and what Aristotle calls true friendship.
Aristotle argues that the virtuous friendship is the only
relationship that will last because it consists of good values.
The other two forms of friendship will not endure because they
only seek pleasure and utility. When considering Aristotle’s

3. various kinds of friendship, one still asks whether it is possible
for friendships to be complete without being pleasant and
useful. Can people have goodwill for each other just because
they have similarity in virtue, even if there is an absence of
utility and pleasure?
A person who is looking for a real friend should find the one
friend who has all three kinds friendship in one. Virtuous
friendship, along with friendship of utility and pleasure, can
continue to exist together. In response to what Aristotle
believes about virtuous friendship, I believe that people who
have virtuous friendship also need to enjoy the pleasure of the
other person and be helpful to them.
Aristotle’s virtuous friendship itself is not the complete idea of
friendship. It has to be expanded to include friendship of
pleasure and utility. Real friends are still useful and pleasant
for each other. In the absence of one of the three kinds of
friend, the friendship will be incomplete. Each kind of
friendship should be supported by the other in order to have
friendship in its fullest sense.
People do not seek friendship for friendship's sake, but rather to
satisfy needs such as pleasure and utility. It would be more
beneficial to all if Aristotle made it clear that it is possible for
everyone to experience real friendship and not limited it to
'virtuous' people. If virtue is attained by age and wisdom does
that not mean that everyone is possibly virtuous and, therefore,
that everyone can potentially be in a virtuous friendship?
Being with a virtuous friend will affect my life and make me
aware of the right and wrong things, however I still need to add
some flavor to my life. Being with a friend who is pleasant and
helpful in addition to being virtuous lets me experience the
fullness of friendship. One may ask whether the friendship of
pleasure and utility are useless if one has a virtuous friend? Is

4. that virtuous relationship all that someone needs? My response
to that question is that we are looking to be happy and useful in
both this life and the next life. If we find a relationship that has
the three kinds of friendship in one, we will be lucky and fully
possess the best characteristics present in all three types of
friendship.
References
Ross, W. (2009). The Nicomachean ethics. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
[footnoteRef:1] [1:
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.8.viii.html.
Number 3. Paragraph No. 1, 2,3,4.]
Question 11 pts
The argument between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip IV of
France began over what issue?
taxing the clergy
lay investiture
Question 23 pts
What were the main causes of the Great Schism in the Catholic
Church? What were the major results of this great political and
religious conflict?

5. Question 31 pts
Parliament in England originally arose from the
Popular demand of the people.
Insistence of the nobles.
Old Celtic tradition of Druidic councils.
the king's need to collect new taxes
Question 43 pts
What is the history behind the Magna Carta in England? How
does it continue to affect us today?
Question 51 pts
In 1415, the Hundred Years’ War was restarted by the English
King
Edward III
Philip
Henry V
John
Question 61 pts
What weapon did the English use effectively during the
Hundred Years War?
Question 74 pts
How did the Hundred Years War change the style of warfare and

6. help to end Feudalism?
Question 83 pts
Joan of Arc is a hero for the French people. Explain her actions
during the Hundred Year's War and how she affected the
outcome of the War.
Question 91 pts
Of the three plagues, which was the most deadly?
bubonic
septicemic
pneumonic
Question 103 pts
Explain at least 3 of the effects of the plague on European
economy.