Slavery was a major part of many 19th century empires' economies, with slaves coming from Greece, Rome, and Africa and working in roles like tutoring, administration, and agriculture labor. While some were against it, slavery was difficult to avoid. It ended in Europe in the early 19th century. The document also discusses British explorer James Cook, who led voyages from 1768-1779 to gather information in the Pacific, including spending time in Hawaii with a guide named Omai.