Seduction Of The Innocent Serve

Seduction Of The Innocent Serve
For anyone interested in twentieth century print culture–especially comics and similar forms of child–selected media–Fredric Wertham and his book
Seduction of the Innocent serve as historical and cultural touchstones. Seduction, a rousing call for limitations on the sale of comics to children based
on the author's clinical evidence of the format's detrimental links to juvenile delinquency and general children's welfare, captured the American
public's imagination when it was published in April 1954. Sociologist C. Wright Mills, writing in the New York Times, called it "a most
commendable use of the professional mind in the service of the public." Margaret Martignoni, director of children's work at the Brooklyn Public
Library, writing in a letter... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the first few hours of my examination of his papers, many of which are filed to correspond with particular chapters in Seduction of the Innocent,
I began to see patterns that both troubled and intrigued me. Wertham seems to have been an inveterate notetaker and underliner, often annotating
documents to indicate that he was planning to use particular items in his writing. Thus between the filing arrangements and his notes, it is possible to
discern much about how he constructed his writings. Ultimately, I found that, despite its accolades and its central role in moving comics further to the
cultural sidelines, Wertham's Seduction included numerous falsifications and distortions. This paper will document specific examples of how Wertham
manipulated, overstated, compromised, and fabricated evidence–especially that evidence he attributed to personal clinical research with young
people–for rhetorical gain. In doing so, I will argue that Wertham privileged his interests in the cultural elements of social psychiatry and mental
hygiene at the expense of systematic and verifiable science, an action which ultimately serves to discredit him and the claims he made about
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The And The Dark Knight And Shows Like The Walking Dead...
Comic books, in todays rise of all that is geek it is hard to avoid hearing about the next comic that is being adapted into a movie or TV show. With
films like The Avengers and The Dark Knight and shows like The Walking Dead comic book based properties are taking over most of pop culture
today. Yet, despite all the attention on these properties there is still an overwhelmingly popular misconception that comics are "kids stuff." Yet,
unbeknownst to the overall public in western society comics are more than tales of men in tights fighting the bad guys like in your child's favorite
saturday morning cartoon. Quite the opposite in fact with many comics being the source of more mature story telling like David Cronenberg's History of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You leave immediately with your son and from than on you vow never to take your young son to another comic book store. Why to this day do most
people not understand comics go beyond that as children 's picture books? Well, to answer this question we have to start by looking were idea of
comics being kids stuff began with a book by Fredric Wertham, Seduction of the Innocent, and the formation of the CCA. Fredric Wertham was a
German–American psychiatrist who's specialty was in child development and behavior. Wertham was a major member of the anti–comics revolution
that was forming amongst literary critics and fellow psychiatrists during the 40s and 50s. During his time at the Lafargue Clinic Wertham interviewed
many child patients which were all admitted for various forms of metal problems and juvenile delinquency. Some of the patients included a young
woman who dreamed of killing her own brother and said she looked at crime comics for inspiration and others included homosexual boys that said
they saw the Batman and Robin relationship as something they always wanted. From his observations at the clinic Wertham would write and publish in
1954 what is considered the book nearly ended comics in Seduction of the Innocent. In Seduction Wertham describes the dangers comics had on young
minds by depicting acts of sexual intercourse and extreme violence.

Ideology Of The Comic Strip Pogon
The conspicuous depiction of the urban poverty in a verifiably noteworthy comic strip, making a sharp parody on city destitution (Sabin 134), features
the manifestation of ideology in comic craftsmanship. This comic strip depicts a few of the suggestions and indications of ideologies hidden in the
comics. As a matter of fact, the meaning of ideology can be an elusive one. It can be characterised barely, concentrating on standard 'Politics' (with a
capital P) while talking about liberal versus moderate positions on issues, a definition that comics critic Arthur Asa Berger appears to receive in his
discourse of the ideology of the U.S. comic strip Pogo (Berger 173). Or, then again it can be characterised comprehensively, to include issues of
interceded influence and discourses of the impact of the mass communications on its groups of onlookers, regardless the nature of that impact
(Barker 213). Thus it is obvious that ideology is firmly tied in with issues of social control. It deals with the questions of why and how may comics
defy or maintain power disparities in the public eye. It also raises the question of how these comics serve to celebrate and legitimise ideological values
and beliefs and social institutions, or do they investigate and subvert the established norms and status quo of the society.
To begin with, the nature of comics craftsmanship makes the form ideologically fascinating. Comics workmanship consolidates printed words and
pictures in an interesting way. The

Wonder Women Wonder Woman
THE SILVER AGE WONDER WOMAN In Issue #8 of DC's All Star Comics (cover date: Jan. '42) there's an eight page story in
– tended to test readers
reaction to a new type of hero. Written by Charles Moulton (pseudonym of Psychologist William Moulton Marston), with art by Harry G. Peters,
Wonder Woman, Amazon Princess, enters a troubled world. Positive feedback encouraged DC to give her the lead feature in a new anthology series–
Sensation Comics. An ardent believer in feminism, and a great admirer of Margaret Sangster, founder of Planned Parenthood, Marston imbued his
creation with qualities normally found in male heroes. Wonder Woman (nee Diana) is the daughter of Queen Hippolyta, who sculpted her from clay.
The statue was given life by Aphrodite and powers (wisdom, strength, speed, etc.) by the other Greek Goddesses. As Marston wrote, Wonder Woman
" ... is psychological propaganda for the new type of woman who should, I believe, rule the world". Wonder Woman's Golden Age exploits begin with
her winning a contest to determine who will leave the idyllic Amazon homeland of Paradise Island to help fight the growing menace of World War.
She remained a feminist icon until Marston's death in 1947 (She didn't entirely escape the sexism rampant during this period. When she joined The
Justice Society of America in 1942 she was made their secretary). Robert Kanigher became writer and editor, and Wonder Woman began losing

Superman And Batman And The Great Depression
3–6 page essasy
U.S History ComicsArial 'Mcclanahan Superman and batman and the great depression
More than 70 years ago, the very first superheroes debuted in the dire times of the Great Depression and the early years of World War II. Their names
became legend Superman and Batman or as he was then known, the Bat–Man), Wonder Woman, Captain America and they 're still with us today. A
new exhibit at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles celebrates these icons from the Golden Age of Comic Books. Through a collection of rare
original artwork and comics, the exhibit explores how a group of mostly Jewish artists created the costumed heroes who came to symbolize the hopes
of a beleaguered nation."ln the 1930s, the American Dream had become a nightmare, and I think comic books and superheroes in particular provided
an escapist form of entertainment that allowed the American public to go into a fantasy world where all the ills of the world were righted by these
largerВ than–life heroes," says Erin Clancy, a curator at the Skirball. Guest curator Jerry Robinson not only organized the exhibit, he 's a part of it. The
comic book pioneer created Batman 's arch–enemy, The Joker, and named the caped crusader 's sidekick Robin.
"We were just emerging from the Depression," Robinson recalls. "Superman started in 1938. Batman started in 1939. So, we were just recovering."
Robinson says the villains changed with the times. "The first villains in the comic books were

Postmodernism Or The Cultural Logic Of Late Capitalism...
Fredric Jameson is admired as a standout amongst the most imperative and persuasive artistic and social pundit and theoretician in the Marxist
convention of the English speaking world. In his work "Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism" Jameson endeavors to portray the
way of social creation in the second half of the twentieth century, the period of late capitalism, and to recognize it from different manifestations of
social generation of going before capitalist periods. A generous part of Jameson's "Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism" is
committed to differential investigation of masterpieces and building design from what Jameson terms "high innovation" and postmodern works. He
describes the postmodern mode of generation as a "social prevailing" in the wake of ideas like "depthlessness" or the concealment of depth, the fading
of influence and pastiche, terms which as per Jameson identify with the postmodern type of production and experience.
The idea of postmodernism quickly raises the issue of periodization, involved by the prefix "post–" doled out to the time of modernism. What was the
starting point of modernism and when did it end? Is it safe to say that it is conceivable to define clear boundaries between modernism and
postmodernism? Jameson accepts that it is conceivable to discuss social modes with in a characterized course of events. In any case, he limits his
periodization of postmodernism to the unbinding idea of social

Leadership And President Of Diversified Funding
When trying to find the meaning of a word, people turn to the dictionary; in the case of leadership, Webster Dictionary defines it as, "the power or
ability to lead other people" (Merriam Webster). Yet, this definition is not sufficient. "Leadership" embodies varying degrees of meaning as well as
different types of leaders, including successful and unsuccessful ones. "Leadership" and "leader" can be used interchangeably in this sense, as a leader
represents all that leadership seeks to obtain. Representatives from various companies define leadership in differing ways. Mark Little, the founder
and president of Diversified Funding, states "A leader is someone [who] leads by example and has the integrity to do the right thing even when it is
not popular. A good leader has positive influence over others, inspiring them to become a better person and example for others to model their life
against, as well" (Helmrich). This definition of a leader is key in understanding the actions of various successful leaders such as Lincoln and Civil
Rights lawyers such as Charles Hamilton Houston and Jack Greenberg in regard to the Brown v. Board of Education case. In regard to these to mean
and other Civil Rights lawyers such as Thurgood Marshall, Pauli Murray, and Eleanor Holmes Norton, Andrea Walker
–Leidy, owner of Walker
Publicity Consulting, is precise in saying,
"Leadership is the ability to see a problem and be the solution. So many people are willing to talk about problems or can even

History Of American Comic Comics Superheroes
History of American Comic Book Superheroes.
Before they become significant box–office phenomena and debut for TV serious, superheroes were short stories in printed media. Supermen, Batman,
Captain America, Wonder Woman ...were comic books superheroes. The idea of superheroes was long existed. However, as many comic books
historians agreed, The Phantom, published in February 17, 1936, is considered to be the first comic book costumed hero. Since then, comic books
superheroes were booming. In the mid–1940s, collectively, American comic books publishers sold between eighty million to hundred million copies
every week. Though there is a difference on the span of years, historians divided the history of comic books superheroes into periods. Starting from the
first golden age, this paper will point out and discuss the major historical events and phenomena that American superheroes comic books went through
time.
Golden Age
Some scholars claimed the period spans from 1938 to 1949 and others say up to 1956. Despite its range of year's controversy, they all agreed that,
during this period the popularity of comic books reached its peak, both in terms of commercial success and cultural significance. The starting point for
this period is usually associated with the coming of man in a red and blue costume, lifting a car over his head– Superman. Superman was the first comic
superhero character to have powers far beyond a normal human being. Consequently, the arrival of Batman, Wonder

Comic Book Burning Research Paper
This book burning happened in 1948 soon after ww2. The people who were responsible for these burned books are well intentioned parents and
citizens of the united states, and they were convincing their children to burn their comic books. Frederic Wertham, psychiatrist born in germany,
worked in a hospital treating bad children. He found that the children read comic books and then concluded that the comic books are the cause of
children becoming criminals. For nearly a month children gathered up comic books at their school in 6 foot high piles and burnt them. After that
residents in birmingham went from home to home collecting comic books and have a mass public book burning. This went on in many other cities and
even girl scouts participated.

Juvenile Delinquency In American Literature
For comic book enthusiasts during the 1950's, Frederic Wertham was more threatening to the reader than any fictitious villain that they had read of
before. This is because Dr. Frederic Wertham dedicated his career to attacking the negative impact comic books had on its readers. Additionally, he
discussed the atrocious social implications they produced in American culture. Wertham took a similar viewpoint to Sigmund Freud in that he
believed, one's morals are strongly influenced by the society in which a person lives. With this view, Wertham sought to answer the question; why is
juvenile delinquency rapidly growing in the United States? In order to answer this, Wertham decided to blame comic books for being the primary
cause of the rise in juvenile delinquency in the United States (Wertham 100). Wertham's attack on comics is as Savage believes, " most assuredly a
pompous, polemical, biased, and poorly documented one (Savage 96). In analyzing various comics, William Savage's book Commies, Cowboys, and
Jungle Queens, and an excerpt from Frederic Wertham's bookSeduction of the Innocent, I hold the belief that, although Wertham was melodramatic in
his attack on comic books, he still held a valid argument for the negative role comics played in the United States.
To start, I believe Wertham was justified in his belief that comic books' constant display of sexism, racism, and graphic violence, could have negatively
impacted a child's development. In his book, Seduction of the

Postmodernism's The Swan As A Metaphor For Love
Postmodernism is a very unique era within American literature. In previous time periods authors wrote very structured eventful stories that would
often relate to the most common themes of the time, however Postmodernism completely defied this formula. In most cases Postmodern stories do
not have story arcs nor do they have common themes. At most, the Post era can be bound by very vague similarities. Most of the stories are
conveyed through streams of conscious, which is essentially using an unedited snippet of someone's life to create a story. There are no inner
monologues or poetic speeches, rather they only showcase a small scale continuous sliver of life. The narration device similarity is cut and dry,
however this can not be said for the themes within Postmodernism. In the vaguest of words, Post era literature can be bound within a common ideal
of expressing the terrible and disappointing aspects of life. One of the most commonly attacked aspects of life is the sense of love. In most forms of art
and media love is portrayed as a glorious thing so long as it is true. Love can conquer any mountain and defeat any foe, however Postmodernism
portrays love in a very different manner. In " The Swan as a Metaphor for Love" love is compared to a swan. On the surface swans are seen as majestic
creatures, similar to how love is seen as a beautiful emotion, but underneath the water swans are revolting creatures covered in " swan shit" and " pond
scum". This idea that a normal life

Racial Tendencies : Black Superheroes Vs White Superheroes...
RACIAL TENDENCIES: BLACK SUPERHEROES VS WHITE SUPERHEROES
Xavier Green
Comparative World History: Gender
December 11, 2016
History has showed society that even though having a white super hero is very much the norm for everybody growing up, but black super heroes aren
't given exposure to society. They are viewed as criminals for doing absolutely nothing to the unjust system. Now more recently African Americans
having been targeted more than ever, and for a very long time African Americans have been racial profiled as thugs.
The average person can assume that in most cases a superhero will be cast as a white male. In Can You Save Me?: Black Male Superheroes in Film, Tia
C. M. Tyree and Liezille J. Jacobs (2014) that "When the average American moviegoer thinks of great cinematic super– heroes, many will probably
envision Superman, Captain America, Batman, Spider–Man, or Iron Man." (1), the misconceptions of the black male in particular by society have been
that they are to be feared, beat down, or labeled as thugs.
Despite what many might think, superheroes are well known across hundreds of nations all over the world. Superheroes has been around for several
centuries and has a very important meaning in the lives of many sort of like to uplift. It would be safe to assume that superheroes are going to be
around for a long time and have an enormous impact on the lives of many people. Although being branded to only one race that widely be accepted to
people.
People

Beowulf: The Canonization of Anglo-Saxon Literature into...
The cover of the November, 1975 comic book "Beowulf: Dragon Slayer" features a red–haired, horn–helmeted Beowulf swinging a large broadsword
at a purple–caped villain also bearing two razor–sharp swords. As Beowulf rears up on his steed, a bikini clad woman, cloth slightly aside to reveal the
shadow of a buttock is drawn falling, face filled with terror. In the background, a rising full moon and silhouetted gothic castle keenly set an
atmosphere of dread and foreboding. Above the emboldened title of the comic book reads in smaller letters, "Beowulf: First and Greatest Hero of Them
All!" Text in the bottom–left corner gives the juicy hook for this edition: "Beowulf Meets Dracula." Despite over eight hundred years of literary ... Show
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Don't tell me D.C. is doing "Classics Illustrated?" No. NOT "Classic Illustrated," but REAL LIVE action and adventure stories! BEOWULF is the
oldest surviving piece of English literature. It's an epic poem in the vein of "The Odyssey" and "The Illiad," author unknown. It has been hailed as one
of the masterpieces of the English language. It's EXCITING!" (2).
Despite eighteen preceding pages featuring Beowulf fighting monsters and saving beautiful women, Uslan assumes that the target audience of the
comic book considers Anglo–Saxon subject matter boring and worse, "educational." The excessive use of punctuation, "?!?," following "BEOWULF"
may seem quaint and immature to modern readers but it is worth consideration that Uslan is aiming his book at contemporary adolescent boys. The
over punctuation suggests shock and disappointment, a sense that D.C., the producers of such wiz–bang fare as Batman and Superman could stoop so
low as to make comics that one would "read for junior high school English class." The dismay puts Uslan on the side of the reader – his emphatic
punctuation endears him to the target audience as one of their own. Therefore he establishes a middle ground of authority in which to defend his use of
Anglo–Saxon material in comic book form.
Uslan's defense of Beowulf within the space of the mainstream is that it features "REAL LIVE action and adventure stories." There's a suggestion that
academic

How The Cold War Changed The Emergence Of Marvel Comics
The Superhero comics and storylines has always been an integral part of the world's cultural history and the combination of historical events with
fantasy themes has made them irresistible to comic book readers of various generations.
Starting from the Great Depression in Europe, characters like Superman and Batman laid the foundation for the liberal superhero tradition which is still
prevalent. That was followed by the Second World War where the superheroes assumed far greater roles– the fighter for their country and a source of
inspiration for the Americans back home. This was also the beginning of patriotic propaganda in the storylines which became a trend in the wartime
editions of major superhero comic books.
The end of World War II was not good news for the publishers as it served as their primary storyline for a very long time, and as a result, the focus
shifted to horror stories which were designed to appeal to the more mature audience. But, the beginning of the Cold War saw an attack against the
comic book industry by Dr. Fredric Wertham and the United States government on the topic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stories were created to depict the tension and political struggle of the on–going Cold War which was reflected through the anxiety of the
superheroes for their country. This era was also famous for the introduction of the 'flawed superheroes' who were much more human and as a result,
more relatable to the general audience. The storylines were not only restricted to large than life characters and as a result, a lot of social issues were
captured by the artists of this generation through the comic books. Thus, established superheroes like Batman and Green Lantern started tackling social
issues like gang violence and drugs where were considered to be taboo till that

Batwoman Research Paper
Batwoman has one of the most interesting origin stories of all the comic heroines. In the year 1954, there was a book called the Seduction Of The
Innocent by Fredric Wertham, which claimed had Batman and Robin of have a homosexual relationship (Madrid, 59) and also informed parents that
their kids would copy the crimes seen in the comics (Simonson, 119). Back in 1954, it was frowned upon being gay. Batman and Robin were one of the
best sellers at DC comics so "In 1956, Batman was assigned a superheroine love interest– heiress Katherine Kane, who adopted the masked guise of
Batwoman–to by charges of a homosexual relationship between the Caped Crusader and his young ally Robin "(Misiroglu 316). In Detective Comics
issue #233 in July 1956 Katherine "Kate" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Madrid 62–64). Also to help remove the image of homosexuality in the comics DC Comics built a wholesome 'Batman family'. Batman and Robin
were also joined by Ace the Bat–Hound, Bat–Girl (not Batgirl, they are two different characters), and a magical imp named Bat–Mite (Misiroglu 59).
This was used to help remove the image of homosexuality in the comics. But it didn't really work, why? Batwoman would learn that her greatest
obstacle wouldn't bring justice to Gotham City or not nefarious criminals of its underworld, but her idol, Batman. When the caped twosome meets,
Batman tells Batwoman that crime fighting is too dangerous for a woman (Madrid 62–64). There definitely wasn't much of a romance going on, and
relationship that Batman and Batwoman did have was not a good foundation for a love affair (Madrid 67). Nevertheless, Batwoman presence
seemed to dispel the gay speculation (Madrid 67). She was in the comic books from 1956 to 1964 (Simonson 119) and was rebooted in 2006
(Simonson 149). The irony is that although Batwoman had been introduced as a lover for Batman as a way to dispel the gay speculation, in the
comic series 52 issue 11 produced in July 2006 Katherine comes out of the closet as a lesbian (Simonson

Importance Of Comics And Gns In English Novels
COMICS AND GRAPHIC NOVELS – A POWERFUL TOOL FOR THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN INDIA
Chumki Biswas, Ph.D. in English
University of Mumbai
ABSTRACT While the 1940s saw the 'Golden Age' of Comics, the Graphic Novel (GN), a sub–set of comics is now the fastest growing book genre in
the US. The potential pedagogical value of Comics and GNs have caught the attention of the English Language Teaching (ELT) community. In the last
decade many experimental language instructors have realised that Comics and GNs can be a valuable teaching tool in the classroom that can facilitate
Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) as well as Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) in learners. Though there is substantial
research expounding the advantages of using Comics and GNs for ELT, these texts have not yet become an integral part of school and college curricula.
Against such a background this paper highlights the reasons why it is imperative that the Indian education system should include Comics and GNs in
the language learner's curriculum. Authentic texts like Comics and GNs will help in acquiring language proficiency by increasing learner motivation,
facilitating contextual understanding, elucidating on conversational maxims and providing input on cultural interactions. The narrative material of
Comics and GNs is so diverse that it can appeal both to young and adult learners, while reducing affective filters and encouraging multimodal reading
skills. Key Words:

Albert Fish Research Paper Outline
The Serial Killer Albert Fish
Noah Gephart Moore
Criminology 210
6/28/2015
Louis Martinez
Abstract
Hamilton (Albert) Fish (1870–1936) was an American serial killer, child rapist, and cannibal. He was known as the gray man, the werewolf of wisteria,
the Brooklyn vampire, the moon maniac, and the boogey man. Albert (born Hamilton) Fish came from a family seemingly stricken by mental illness,
with six close relative in mental hospitals. At the age nine his father died, and Fish was sent to an orphanage. At that point Fish experienced bullying,
and whippings from caretakers. It wasn't until three years later that his mother took on a government job and was able to take him back. He began a
relationship with another boy, where he was introduced to urine drinking and feces eating. In 1890 he moved to New York, where he became a
prostitute and began raping young boys. At some point he became interested in penises themselves and began sexual mutilations. In 1917 Fish's wife ...
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In 1910 Albert met a man named Thomas Kedden, whom he began a sadomasochistic relationship. Fish implied the man was mentally disabled.
Ultimately, Kedden was taken by Fish to an abandoned farmhouse, where Fish began a two week process of torturing him, eventually cutting off half
the man's penis and killing him. Afraid of somebody smelling it, if he took the body with him, cut into pieces. In 1917 Fish's wife left him for a young
handyman, taking nearly everything they owned, except for their six children. Soon after Fish began having auditory hallucinations. At this time Fish
began asking his children and their friends to use a board to spank him, along with self–harming himself using needles, planting them in his abdomen
and groin. After his death, needles were found in his pelvic and groin region by

Juvenile Behavior: Article Analysis
In our society, there are issues over whether certain things should be censored. In this article, comics when they first started were already under fire
for their "obscene and mature" content. In reality it only makes sense that people would try to hinder others from these works of art. However, when
someone falsifies evidence claiming that comics cause children to be delinquents and that many mental patients read them... it is truly horrifying. That
someone was a man by the name of Fredric Wertham. The underlying cause for Frederic Wertham's belief that comic books were the primary cause of
juvenile delinquency and misbehavior among children was his so called "clinical research". His argument was honestly, overdramatized, and not worth
his falsifications of evidence. Mr. Wertham had one thing going for his argument which was the fact that he did care for children and their welfare
(Tilley, 2012, p.407). However, that wasn't enough for him considering how much information and stories he stole from others to get his point across
that comics are detrimental to society (Tilley, 2012, pp.392–393). Fredric Wertham used a variety of the logical fallacies we talked about in class. For
starters he used a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People to this very day worry about how graphic and explicit tv shows and movies are. There is also the argument on whether video games are
causing people to become violent and less sensitive in this world. If anything this just goes to show how ever–changing the world truly is regardless of
our concerns. Then there is the issue of the author verifying Fredric Wertham's "clinical research". The author found out that Mr. Wertham stole from
many different articles and twisted the stories he recorded (or should I say his colleagues stories) way out of context to prove a point about the
negative effects comics have on children (Tilley, 2012, pp.

Joker and Batman Essay
Batman (originally referred to as the Bat–Man and still sometimes as the Batman) is a DC Comics fictional superhero who first appeared in Detective
Comics #27 in May 1939. He has since become, along with Superman and Spider–Man, one of the world's most recognized superheroes.[1] Batman
was co–created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, although only Kane receives official credit for the character.Batman's secret identity is Bruce
Wayne, billionaire industrialist, playboy, and philanthropist. Witnessing the murder of his parents as a child leads him to train himself to the peak of
physical and intellectual perfection, don a costume, and fight crime. Unlike most superheroes, he does not possess any superhuman powers or abilities;
he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finger, like Joe Shuster, Jerry Siegel, and some other creators during and after the Golden Age of Comic Books, would resent National's denying him
the money and credit that, he felt, he was owed for his creations. At the time of Finger's death, in 1974, he had not been officially credited as a
co–creator of the character. Kane himself, however, in later years willingly acknowledged Finger's contributions to the character while also insisting on
his own role. [5]
[edit] Early years (1939–1949) Batman debuted in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939)The first Batman story, "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate,"
appeared in Detective Comics #27, cover–dated May 1939. Finger wrote the first Batman strip and Kane provided the art. Finger said, "Batman was
originally written in the style of the pulps"[6] and this influence was evident with Batman showing little remorse over killing or maiming criminals.
The Bat–Man was a breakout hit, with sales on Detective Comics soaring to the point that the character was given his own title in 1940. By that time
National was the top–selling and most influential publisher in the industry, and Batman and National's other major hero Superman were the
cornerstones of the company's success.[7] The two characters were featured side–by–side as the stars of World's Finest Comics, which was originally
titled World's Best Comics when it debuted in fall 1940. Creators including

History of Comic Books
The distribution, audience, narrative style, and dramatic content, of comic books were the direct descendants of the pulp magazine. They were called
pulp magazine because they were printed on the cheapest paper for non–costly mass distribution, these publications were as old as newspaper comic
strips. Pulp magazines can be traced to their Civil War–era ancestors, called dime novels. Unlike the funnies, pulp magazines styles were outside of the
mainstream and featured adventure, fantasy, and suspense. In 1933, Harry Wildenberg and Max Gaines took the traditional comic and folded it in half
and then created the first four–color newsprint comic. It would became the new format which is still seen in modern comic books still today.
The biggest rise in comic books was World War II, because the comic had two underling messages at the time that kept the industry alive: social reform
and patriotism. The DC superhero comics implicitly stressed a common interest in public welfare and strong federal government all based its comics
around the Social status of America at the time. While Marvel comics took up the cause of WWII patriotism in the early creation of Captain America, by
showing Captain America punching Hitler. The biggest underling message of comics during the Golden Age is the defense of normal people and good
citizens. After WWII, the energy driving the Golden Age died off, but that didn't mean that the comic book industry was done creating new heroes or
done expanding it

The First Appearance Of Batman Essay
1938 saw the first appearance of Batman. More of a mystery comic than a superhero comic book, Batman was inherently different from the pure and
clean Superman. He was a gritty and depressing character that has been able to remain in print even to this day. Rather than using superpowers, Batman
uses detective abilities that allowed him to solve cases and find perpetrators. ("The History of Comic Books." TheComicBooks.com.) But not even
Batman, Superman, or even Captain Marvel could brace themselves for the arrival of the Marvel comics.
Originally under the name of Timely Comics, Marvel was founded by Martin Goodman, who was contacted by several superhero veterans from
Funnies Inc. The Funnies group told him that they would present to him a prepared, finished comic book every month, for a service fee. So in 1939,
Marvel released their very first comic Issue #1. The story was about the Original Human Torch; who was an android superhero, the detective Angel, and
Namor the Submariner.
In 1940 there was a rise in popularity for patriotic themed superheroes caused by the creation of the hero the Shield. As a result, in 1941, Jack Kirby
and Joe Simon created the second most iconic superhero in Marvel comics, Captain America. ("Marvel comics database.") Captain America, whose
original name was Super American, was a consciously political character that was used to attack enemies of the United States, and had become Timely
Comics most

Censorship Of The Innocent By Dr Frederick Wertham
In the 1950's, censorship was a major part of media coming out of World War II, and into the Cold War era , America was scared of communism.
Everything was censored from radio and television to books and comics. Comic books had the biggest attack by Dr Frederick Wertham, a
German–American psychiatrist in his book "Seduction of The Innocent" published in 1954. He used fear to convince the public that comics increased
teen delinquency. He argued so well that congress stepped in and had a subcommittee investigate the effects of comic books on delinquency. His
actions lead the industry to becoming nearly extinct. Being pressed in a difficult situation the comic industry evolved, self regulated, regained
popularity, and even created social movements for positive reform. His research was fabricated to make it more appealing to the fear of American
society, and gain government trust using the terms communism and delinquency in his reports, books, lectures, and testimonies.
Dr Wertham's word was respected in the psychological community. Unlike Senator McCarthy whose communist crusade was taking place at the
same time, Wertham had research and experience backing his statements. His career in the U.S. started in 1922 when he was offered a position at
the psychiatric clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He accepted the offer and became a US citizen five years later. Being in the field for 10 years, he
was offered another position in New York to be the senior psychiatrist at The

Postmodernism And Its Influence On Modern Society
Postmodernism is a complex term that has tried to be describes by many different theorist in many different ways. Some say that it is so hard to
define because it is an idea that emerges across and variety of disciplines. In its most basic form Postmodernism can be describes at "departure from
modernism and is characterized by the self–conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a
general distrust of theories" (Oxford Dictionary, 2010). So with this definition in mind we must look at modernism and the movement away from this to
postmodernism. We will also look at the characteristic of postmodernism and how it is represented in the media culture.
The phrase 'postmodernism' was used to depict a style in architecture in the early 1960's, this style used components from the past architectural styles
and combined them to create buildings. This term was coined and used by cultural and political theorist to express contemporary Western and global
society, two of theorists which will be discussed is Fredric Jameson and Linda Hitcheon who have apposing views on the theory.
Fredric Jameson is an American literary critic and Marxist political theorist. Jameson argues that a shift in the economic society began in the late
1960's, and that the world is moving into a phase he calls "late capitalism." Jameson view is that there is a link between the economic changes that has
lead to a postmodern style of living, however that it

A Feminist Analysis Of Batman's Wonder Woman
Moulton created Wonder Woman to fight the ideals of hypermasculinity in the comic book industry by introducing a character who would fight with
compassion and grace rather than brute force. At the same time, DC was trying to expand their audience to a female–centric readership. So just 2 years
after Batman's introduction Wonder Woman made her first appearance in All
–Star comics (1941), she got her solo series in June 1942, in the post first
wave feminist era. Wonder Woman #1 (1942) mainly focuses on Diana's origin story and the history of Amazonia, familiarizing the reader with her
character and setting out a franchise that would be revered for its strong feminist views, but is wonder woman really the feminist icon we make her out
to be? Is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you force me to fight, you will lose" this is a stark contrast to what Hippolyte said to Hercules. This along with her pose places Diana in a position of
power, while we see only a silhouette of her enemies. Diana isn't the only woman in an authoritative status in this comic, Commander Etta, an African
American lady is also conducting a rescue mission in the same region. This counters the implication that a woman must get her strength from
somewhere else. And reinstates the idea that any qualified individual can make a

Wwii And The Cold War
When discussing WWII and The Cold War from an American perspective, the focus is likely to be centered on the wartime efforts of the country while
debating strengths and shortcomings within those efforts. However, while the physical and psychological wars waged on, America's homefront saw a
continuation of fighting in the form of social movements aimed at attaining equality for all Americans. Minorities like African Americans and Mexican
immigrants continued to face discrimination and racism during WWII but were shaped in different ways by the war. TheCold War era in America is a
very complex subject marked by heightened tensions, fear, and paranoia among citizens. Much in the same way that WWII shaped the plight of
minorities and immigrants on the homefront, the Cold War era also effected what it meant to be an American by shaping the conformistsocial class.
Reaction to this conformity would also be shaped by the Cold War era, and Americans would eventually become critical to these effects.
The first few decades of the 20th century marked a progressive period in America that set the framework for many of the social movements and ideals
that would continue to shape the country throughout the rest of the century. African Americans continued to push for equal rights through the early
20th century and post–WWI. However, with the onset of WWII, the attention of citizens and lawmakers shifted from social movements on the
homefront and instead focused largely on supporting the

A Semi-Brief History of the Visual Narrative
Humans are as diverse as they are the same, even in their opinion of such a statement. There are billions of people communicating countless ideas in a
multitude of languages the world over, yet somehow common themes and ideas transect the pages of history, excluding none. Here in the digital age,
the surrounding environment continues to become more and more visually–infested, nearly keeping pace with the rapid development of
communications technology. "In such a world, the problem of how words and pictures connect is a vital one. And no artistic medium seems to me as
properly suited to the working out of the connection as the visual narrative is. It is itself the meeting ground of words and pictures" (Dardess 222).
From the political... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Much like jazz, the comic book was considered to be a rare, indigenous example of American culture, in which the melting pot produces something
entirely unique. With time, overall comic book genres became more diverse, and the average comic book fan became nearly anyone and everyone. The
popularity of superhero and sci–fi genres continued to grow through the 1940s and 50s, but the imminent intellectual growth of the medium was
abruptly halted by someone as simple as a criticВ—unfortunately, a radical and very persuasive one. In 1954, psychologist Fredric Wertham published
Seduction of the Innocent, a sort of documentary in which he claimed comics contributed to juvenile delinquency with ridiculous amounts of
condoned sex, drug use, and violence that contaminated the young mind with the assistance of pictures. His claims led to a Congressional
investigation of the comics industry in 1955, a series of Senate hearings, and the implementation of the Comics Code. "Comics really became sort of
В‘trash literature.' People grew up with those ideas" (Toppo 4). This censorship code was strict enough to put many publishers out of business simply
from lack of then legally appropriate material. The medium had once entertained people of all ages, but left comics creators with naught but a few
loopholes into the kid–friendly superhero genre where good always triumphed over evil.
The effects of Wertham's crusade still resonate

A Profile Of Hamilton ' Albert ' Fish '
A Profile of Hamilton "Albert" Fish
In the early summer of 1870 a forth child, Hamilton, was born into the home of Randall and Ellen Fish of Washington, DC. The Fish family had a
history of severe mental disorders: an paternal uncle who had been diagnosed with religious psychosis, a maternal uncle who was diagnosed with
schizophrenia, and his mother claimed she had visions. Hamilton 's siblings also had problems: his brother was confined to a state mental hospital, his
sister was diagnosed with a mental affliction, and his youngest brother was slow–witted and an alcoholic(Wertham, 2012). In 1870, little was known
about the lineage of schizophrenia , its sub–types, and how it could effect future generations. Today we know genetic factors may lead to schizophrenia
and its sub types(Esterberg,2010). Little Hamilton Fish was born with a vulnerability to schizophrenia and its sub–types. This type of genetic
vulnerability is called a genetic marker. It is easier to think of a genetic marker as a genetic light switch, while not all switches are turned on, some
times a factor comes along and switches it to the on position; thus, the person develops the genetic disorder. The traits and subtypes of this disorder
in individuals who have been abused can develop in to a perceived evil that will shock and strike terror in to society. In 1874, Randall Fish died of a
heart attack. Unable to care for her children Randall Fish 's wife,Ellen Fish, placed five year old

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