Personal Reflections on 14 Years Working in Community Newspapers

Personal Reflection Of Newspapers
I worked for 14 years at Random Lengths Publications and for eight years combined at three
community newspapers (The Siuslaw News, Central Oregonian, and Springfield News). All four
offices had fewer than 20 people on hand, and we were all often called upon to fill in for others
when they were overwhelmed or on a break, or when they were sick or vacationing. At the
newspapers in particular, I frequently worked late hours and often was the only one in the office to
field phone calls. Further, I was the face of the company when I was working in the field, easily
recognized with camera and notebook in hand. Readers approached me not only about the event at
hand, but issues pertaining to my other duties or even the issues of co–workers. Whether in person
or on the phone, I always listened to reader concerns, and I assured readers that I or someone else on
the staff would address those concerns in a timely manner. For example, when callers hadn't
received their newspaper and the circulation personnel had already left for the day, I would deliver
papers myself. With Random Lengths I e–mailed issues of missed newsletters and reported the
situation to the circulation department for follow–up.
A publications office environment is always fast–paced with multiple ongoing projects. Callers and
visitors had story suggestions, complaints, or other reasons to command my attention while I
commonly was attending to other constituents or my projects on deadline. I have fielded and routed
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What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online...
Nowadays more and more people prefer to look for information of different kind in online
newspapers. In our high–tech world people choose mobility and fast temper of life. That's why I
dare say that almost every piece of news can be found by means of Internet. Along with traditional
printed newspapers there appeared up–to–date and more efficient way to present information.
Online newspapers became widely spread as a way to inform and unite readers according to their
interests. I'll make an attempt to define clearly privileges and drawbacks of both variants.
There is a wide variety of newspapers published online. Readers may mostly get access to
sociological, psychological and political newspapers and those intended for a wide range of people.
In general online newspapers don't seem to differ much from printed versions by the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Textbooks are a technology that has been around since the 16th century and what most of our
educational practices revolve. It is going to be a challenge to transition from a tool that is so
completely entrenched in our way of teaching and how most educators were taught during their
educational career. These devices are going to require a completely new approach to teaching and
thinking about the new skills that are needed to succeed today.
IBM_Selectric_smIf you've been around since the introduction of the personal computer you will
remember that for a few years the PC was no more than a fancy typewriter that didn't require carbon
paper to make multiple copies. I still have a soft spot for the IBM Selectric typewriter, but my Apple
with a dot matrix printer running AppleWorks was a huge improvement. My Apple computer moved
me from typing to word processing. However, it wasn't until I had the computer for almost five
years that I used it for anything but word processing. I never really thought it would be anything but
my fancy new

Effect of Growing Internet Newspapers on Circulation of...
Effect of Growing Internet Newspapers on Circulation of Print Newspapers in the U.S.
A paper submitted to 54 Conference of International Communication Conference for consideration
for presentation th October 2003
ABSTRACT An Internet survey of publishers and online editors found that growth of the Internet
newspaper yielded a slightly negative effect on print newspapers' circulation. The findings suggest
that the smaller the newspaper, the larger effect the Internet newspapers had on the print
newspapers. Small and medium–sized print newspapers showed obvious decreasing circulation
since 1990 while the declining trend was not evident for large newspapers. The readership of the
Internet newspaper had been considerably growing since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, this medium can deliver the news immediately; Internet sites can be updated whenever
a reporter discovers more information. 13 The rapid growth of the Internet even changed the ritual
of reading a daily newspaper. Once
2
newspaper reading was limited to the one serving people's home city or town plus a national daily
like The Wall Street Journal or USA Today. Now, however, local papers and any one of numerous
newspapers from across the country are "only a few clicks away."14 With all the advantages, the
"virtual newspapers will become a competitive displacement for printed newspapers."15 Studies
found some support for relative constancy with growth of the Internet newspapers. A survey by
Editor & Publisher found that more than one third of the users of Web sites run by newspapers said
they reduced their reading of print newspapers since going online. A survey conducted in Texas
reported that among PointCast Users who are predominately business people, nearly half of them
spend less time reading newspapers. 16
Effect of the Internet Newspaper on Print newspapers Researchers proposed that print newspapers
and their online counterparts were characterized by head–on competition, and readers shifted from
print to online.17 A survey released in September 2000 pointed out that when users surfed online for
local information, the

Why The Decline Of Newspaper Is Bad For The Us
Laura Finley states in her article "The Decline of Newspapers Is Bad for the US" that there has been
quite a decline in newspapers in recent years. The cause of this decline is none other than our
beloved internet. The biggest decline in newspapers was between October 2008 and March 2009. In
this time period average newspaper sales decreased by 7.1 percent compared to the year prior. (14–
15) Advertising revenues declined by an outstanding 30 percent in the first quarter of 2009! (15–16)
Since 2007 several major newspapers have been forced into bankruptcy or have experienced major
budget cuts due to the internet. One such newspaper is The Boston Globe who faced tremendous
financial danger and possible closure in May 2009. (16–17) Another such

The Downfall Of Newspapers : Technology And Design
–––
The Downfall of Newspapers: Technology and Design
It's difficult to dispute that the journalism industry has been completely revolutionized in the past
few decades due to the advent of new technology. Smartphones, tablets, and even our computers
have allowed readers to access most of their news from sources online. As a result, newspapers,
once the primary way for the public to receive its news, have now receded into the background,
overshadowed by dozens of other mediums.
Don Norman, Author of The Design of Everyday Things, Director of the Design Lab at UCSDThe
reason behind writing this article was because I recently finished the book The Design of Everyday
Things by Don Norman. While I was reading it, I thought of many different ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Over time, newspapers have evolved into an entire industry fueled by advertisers and information–
hungry consumers. For the past two hundred years, newspapers were the main way for people to
receive their news. Paperboys, newsstands, subscription–based models, and supermarkets were only
some of the many distribution channels that newspaper companies employed to get their product out
to as many people as possible.
First multi–page newspaper "Publick Occurrences" published in the Americas, dated pre–colonial
era (1690)It is safe to say that mass media and newspapers have proliferated our world and provided
readers a medium to ingest information. Nowadays, however, nearly all of our news comes from
either television news channels or from online sources. The chart from World Bank below shows the
glaring divide between how readers of different age groups get their news; it is obvious that younger
generations such as millennials receive their information from online, television, and social media
where as older age groups tend to stick to more static mediums such as television and print.
This suggests that over the next few decades, the companies people receive their information from
will shift from curated–based to disclosure–based. Previously, readers would pledge their loyalty to
either one or a few media companies – those that meshed with their political views, interests, or TK
[locality(?)]. Now, instead of having to choose between

A Comparison of Newspapers
A Comparison of Newspapers There are two main types of newspapers, tabloids and broadsheets.
The tabloid focuses on people and often reports on celebrities. Some types of tabloids include The
People, Daily Star, The Mirror, The Sun, News of The World and Daily Sport. Tabloid papers are
usually read by working class males as they feature many 'articles' about females. The broadsheet
however focuses on facts and opinions. Some broadsheets include The Telegraph, Guardian,
Observer and The Times. The broadsheet is called a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these draw our attention to the headline. The headline is "Heroes of the flood" underneath
the words "the flood" there is a picture of the flood, this could be juxtaposition. The juxtaposition
links the word flood with the image. The sub–heading, just below the headline, is a complete
contrast to the headline as the sub–heading is black. At the bottom of the page there are photos of
heroes and survivors this adds to the sense of sadness, also the headline and pictures have a torn
frame to give a sense of a community split or broken. There is also a small map with a near town
and a river; it is a very basic map to show the readers the relationship between Boscastle and water.
There are also 2 pictures of Boscastle, a before and after. This could be similar to the headline and
sub–heading with a complete contrast or change.
The Guardian has basic presentational features with a heading in bold print, the heading says "In 2
hours a seaside village was reduced to ruins" next to it there is a large picture of Boscastle 'in ruins'
this could have been juxtaposition. Apart from these two factors there are no more presentational
features.
The first paragraph of the Sun article is very big and maybe

History of the Newspaper
History of the Newspaper
The first acknowledged newspaper came into existence in 1665 and was called the 'Oxford Gazette'.
During the development stages, newspapers were split into two separate camps. Firstly there are the
tabloids. The tabloids have a long and interesting history behind them. Lord Northcliffe; then owner
of the Daily Mirror, launched the Daily Mirror in November 1903 and were aimed specifically for
the female audience. In 1904 it was re–launched at The Daily Illustrated Mirror as a 'picture paper'
for men and women. It used mostly photos and climbed to a circulation of over a million in 1914.
When asked 'what's the secret of your success', Lord Northcliffe said 'I give my readers ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Mirror developed a close link to readers through ordinary working class journalist and stories.
In the 1950s Marjorie Proops became the first Agony Aunt column. Through the 50's and 60's the
Mirror focused on great social and political issues. They invented the SHOCK issue, intending to
shock, explain, illicit debates and give solutions to social problems and particularly the fear of
blacks and immigrants during the Windrush years; there were a shortage of workers and so they
turned to colonies for extra workers. In 1981 the Sun and Mirror were losing readers to the star due
to its bingo competition. Larry Lamb; the editor of the Sun, was sacked by Rupert Murdoch;
chairman of the Sun newspapers owners news international group. He was replaced by Kelvin
Mackenzie who ran bingo competition and slashed the price to beat off the competition. Following
these measures the Sun's circulation rose by sum 500,000 over 3months time period and the Daily
Star never recovered to its previous level.
Throughout the 1980's, Mackenzie attacked political targets such as labor councilors, unions and
Minors strike (1984–85), using the red commie scare tactics during the Cold War. He targeted those
at the margins of society; from criminals to social

The Opinion Of The Newspaper Discourse Community
Joining the newspaper discourse community was one of the greatest achievements in my high
school career and that was only possible by gaining intellect about the community, securing my
place on the team by proving myself, and by continuing to learn from my experiences.
The first step to achieving my position in this discourse community included familiarizing myself
with the intellect and style of writing that was required for journalists. In my freshman year of high
school, I took Journalism as one of my electives. This course taught the basic knowledge that comes
with journalism that includes journalistic ethics, writing, and skills. I was able to logistically prove
myself to the members of the newspaper discourse community by abiding by the ethical values of
journalism. I was able to know the difference between slander, a spoken defamatory statement, and
libel, a written defamatory statement I was successfully able avoid it in my assignments. Similarly, I
studied the Associated Press Stylebook (AP) that is a required resource to know for journalistic
writing. Through this, I was able to effectively write my assignments knowing that instead of a
thesis, I will have a lead that is thirty five words or less. I knew that my writing would vary
depending on the type of story I was assigned. For example, a news story follows a certain quote–
transition format to emphasize the sources while an editorial piece would follow a different format
catering to its persuasive nature.

The Decline Of Newspaper Is Bad For The Us Analysis
The age of newspapers has passed. Laura Finley's "The Decline of Newspapers Is Bad for the US"
asserts that without newspapers citizens are "deprived of information essential to understanding
their world". Newspapers are the source at which the world communicates and when they come to a
cease, the information also ceases.
Finley's asserts that "Journalist, scholars, and activists worry that, if the trend continues, the US will
be a nation without newspapers", which infers a nation without newspapers could be the downfall to
its government. A democratic government is a government which the people rule but if the people
are uninformed the government is skewed. Finley quotes Thomas Jefferson's opinion on government
and newspapers to give the reader someone to relate to, he is the people's common factor. "Thomas
Jefferson once said that, should we have to choose between government without newspapers or
newspapers without government, he would surely favor the newspapers". The newspapers
themselves give the public information "so that it can petition, speak, and write when dissatisfied;
can vote with adequate knowledge about the candidates and issues; and can understand their civic
duties and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The funds that support the newspapers are being cut that pay reliable reporters. Without these
reliable reporters the information that is spread to the public is less dependable. Finley uses a study
by Princeton University that "found a decline in candidates willing to challenge incumbents and a
decrease in the number of people voting in local elections as a result of the 2007 closure of the
Cincinnati Post". Princeton's study invokes that the loss of their newspaper created a loss in public
knowledge of voting. This "exacerbated decline in readership" vastly relies on the fact that "people
will determine the news less worthy of their

Stereotypes: The Bias Of A Newspaper
Our team choose newspaper called "The globe and mail" and the article is about "I'm worried about
the health risk; that's my top worry".
This journalist expresses a bias by didn't mentioned about why or what happened. Readers can't
figure it out what this article about, until they see the pictures or body text. Also, most of main
information about this article is located in the middle of the newspaper; However, key information
is shown on the first page of this newspaper. When readers look up the first page, if they want read
more about this article, they have to turn to page 6, while they turning the pages readers faced lots
of different advertisements. This gives readers distraction and main article is located right
underneath the Scotiabank advertisement, so when readers reading a this newspaper on the subway,
for example, even they fold the newspaper in half, they can still see the ad which is more colourful
than main article. Therefore, readers tend to miss even the smallest details of this article. ... Show
But When you look up the headline of this article, this journalist use word "I", "my" and "top",
which is very subjective word choice and readers can have hidden bias and prejudices before they
read body text. Even in body text, journalist use "heavily", "burnt cars", "shattered homes", "linked
to cancer", "more than ~" which is negative connotation. This can strongly influence the readers and
might be seen differently. When readers look up photo, there is some areas that doesn't have ashes
on the ground but It seems like photographer took this picture where all the ashes and trashes piled
up. It gets people interested, but it also influences reader's opinion about this article. Therefore, this
photo has potential

The Negatives Of Using Newspapers For Advertising
Newspapers:
The positives of using newspapers for advertising for Cherry Hill Animal Clinic are that you can use
a local newspaper for an affordable price and the clinic would benefit since they could target their
audience from their local area.
The negatives are that newspapers have a short shelf life and there could be many other ads that
distract the reader from your ad.
Magazines:
The positives for using magazine advertising are that you could focus on local magazines about pets
since that would likely be your reader. Also, magazines are commonly passed around among pet
owners and the clinic could get more visibility.
The negatives are that you would have to limit this to local magazines since you have a limited area
with which you customers would come from. Furthermore, you would need to pay more to get a
good spot in the magazine for your ad.
Directories:
The positives for using directories are that people will specifically go there to find a clinic, so a well
placed ad should stand out and increase your business. Also, these are available 24 hours and won't
become outdated like a newspaper or magazine would.
The negatives are that advertising is costly and you would need to have a good placement for your
ad because the directories are normally published once a year.
Radio:
The positives of using radio are that the cost is less than using other medium and you can use local
radio which will reach your target audience
The negatives of using radio are

The Similarities And Differences In The Newspaper Of...
Looking into the past by viewing old newspapers through a microfilm that was published on my
birthday, February 4th, throughout the years of 1860–1940, was quite interesting. Getting the chance
to see how similar things were, yet how far along newspapers in the United States came from
analyzing the newspapers on how they were set up and the content that was involved and going on
in the world at that specific time. Not only being able to see the changes in the way the papers were
set up, but realizing that newspapers have so many similarities that we see in papers published
today.
By just looking and reading the front page of newspaper from years ago you can see the similarities
of how they are set up and the content they contain. They both

A Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles
A Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles In this essay I will be comparing two articles taken from
local newspapers in different areas. I will be looking at the techniques used in each article and their
effectiveness. I will use this comparison to eventually decide which article is the more effective of
the two.
The two headlines from the articles are quite different. 'Inches from tragedy' is a large, bold headline
written in a way that makes you want to see what the headline is talking about, as it sounds serious.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think that both articles use emotive language very well, and that they are equally good at getting
there point across through using language.
Both of the articles feature one long, main interview and one shorter interview towards the end of
the article. The interviews have been included in each case to give the reader an account of the
events in the article from one of the people involved. This is a good idea as people who were
actually involved in the events of the article will be able to give more information on what actually
happened, and will probably know things that no–one else does. Having interviews also makes the
reader sympathise with the people involved, especially if it is coming from one of the people
mentioned in the main first paragraph of the article. The people who put together the articles must
make sure that everything they include in the interviews is relevant and that they are not too long. I
think that the article that uses interviews and quotes better is probably Inches from tragedy, because
all the information given is relevant to and informative about what happened. I also think this
because the interviews featured are not too long and leave room in the article for other information.
Having a picture in an article is a good idea, because it lets the reader see exactly who was involved
and let them see what effect the events of the article have had on them

Ntroduction.Recently, The Student Run Newspaper Published
ntroduction Recently, the student run newspaper published their daily edition with many hasty
stories about students, staff, and faculty. The April Fools edition was meant to be a comedic spoof
on campus activities, however, this year it was not so. The students wrote about the Renaissance
club who attacked a group of Chinese students, a soccer coach who was arrested for domestic
violence and a faculty member who was a militant member of a secret society. None of the stories
are true. Many of the key actors are showing their power through disgruntled messages. It seems as
though the newspaper has lost its values over the years and may need to be connected with the
student government. There are many ways to resolve the issue including ... Show more content on
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This is monetarily consuming. Departments who are feeling the affect of the budget reductions may
feel bitter towards the newspaper. The other departments have needs that they feel are more
important, for example, the graduate student department. They are having to cut funds to their
graduate students and yet the newspaper is fully operational. This is also a display of conflicting
resources. The university has a diminishing budget. Many groups on campus have been affected by
this and are claiming whatever power they have left to keep their remaining budget. If one group
makes a mistake and the other has a chance to claim some of their budget, they surely will. This
changes the dynamic that departments have with each other.
The office of Residential Life and the Graduate School have both expressed their concern for their
international student's safety. This is a problem for our university reputation. If news spreads about
the uncomfort students feel, even in response to a fake article, it could threaten our potential
student's outlook on our university. The two departments are reinforcing the idea because they have
not calmed the fire. Instead of going directly to the source of the articles, they have chosen to turn to
a higher department to explain their grievances which creates a conflict between the newspaper and
the other two departments.
Lastly, the NCAA has expressed their distaste in regards to their

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Newspaper Advertising
2.1.4 REASONS TO ADVERTISE IN A NEWSPAPER As with all advertising media, newspaper
advertising has various strengths and limitations. The strengths are as follows: REACH: No other
promoting vehicle has the compass of daily papers. Broadly, about 105 million grown–ups read a
daily paper in print or online on a normal weekday and more than 111 million read a Sunday daily
paper. Seven in ten grown–ups read a daily paper or visit a daily paper site in a normal week
(Scarborough Research). Newspapers offer the widest reach of any advertising medium.
QUALITY: Your absolute best prospects are newspaper perusers. Individuals who are regularly
named upscale meaning upper salary, advanced education, proficient/administrative occupations all
consider themselves newspaper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IMMEDIATE: Newspaper advertising is among the speediest types of promoting with greatly short
due dates that permit advertisements to be made and keep running in a matter of days.
FLEXIBILITY AND TIMELINESS: Flexibility is perhaps the greatest strength of newspapers.
Newspaper is not like any other media, in newspaper advertising, the advertise is allowed to build
the advertisements in any size. National advertisers can adjust copy to match the specific buying
preferences and peculiarities of localized markets.
CREDIBILITY/TRUST: Consumers trust and believe in newspaper advertising more than any other
medium of advertising. A survey carried out showed that Thirty–six percent of adults have a very
strong believe and trust in newspaper advertising, a wide gap when compared to television
advertising (8 percent) or internet advertising (15 percent).
SELECTIVE VS. INTRUSIVE: Advertising that is being spooned out to shoppers are not really
accepted by them. The most medium of advertising that is used by shoppers is the

News And Newspapers
News and Newspapers
News is simply delineated as "a report of a recent event; something one has not heard of before"
(Websters, 282). Conceding that it is inelaborate in its definition, news is much more intricate as it
succumbs to corporate moneymaking ideologies. The corporate essence of news is prevalent in the
form of the newspaper "a paper published periodically for circulating news" that is sold therefore
making news a business. In business the saying goes that the customer is always right making news
subject to the demands of these consumers.
The underlying purpose of news is to "provide facts upon which decisions are based" (Mencher, 56).
Yet this purpose is tainted to accommodate the newspapers need to sell papers. Journalism is ...
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The Star's audience are the family type people who desire local news and emotional stories. The
April 3/97 article Woman Searching For Trucker Who Was Her Highway Savior elucidates a human
triumph tale meant for the whole family as "nine month pregnant Tanya
Aubert was guided to her safety by a trucker after her windshield was smashed on the 400 highway"
(T.Star April 3/97). The Star incorporates many emotion filled phrases to augment the neighborly
sense of the article.
"I was not hurt, just very scared and my heart was racing" the journalist quoted with
hopes of bringing a tear to the reader's eye. The exclusive coverage of this article shows the Star
appealing to the family it's audience.
The Globe and Mail is a business person's newspaper that directs its articles mainly to fact and
figures as well as cold serious issues. The Globe and Mail creates a very solemn sense to its article
through 50 dollar words and abrupt, to the point headlines. The April 3/97 article Adult Drug Deaths
Decline suggests no imagery or entertainment value in its title. The article proceeds with factual
information "131 deaths from drug related causes in 1995 was the lowest of the century" (G &
M. April 3/97) with proof from various sources such as the Toronto Public Health Department and
Dr. Joyce Bernstein.
The article is accommodated by both its factual nature and the use of grave

Situation Analysis : The Nation 's Newspaper
Situation Analysis
USA Today, subtitled "The Nation's Newspaper", debuted in 1982 as America's first national
general– interest newspaper. The creator, Allen H. Neuharth, until 1989 was the Chairman of
Gannett Co., Inc., a diversified international news, information, and communications company
which is now worth $4.7 billion.
USA Today achieved rapid success due to its innovative format. No other media source had
considered a national newspaper written in shorter pieces and sprinkled with eye–catching, colorful
photos, graphs and charts. Readers found USA Today's refreshing and more engaging than other
papers.
The newspaper grew from roughly 350,000 readers in 1982 to approximately 5.9 million daily print
and online readers today. USA Today is still to this day the number one print newspaper and their
websites manages to stay one of the Internet's most popular sites for news and information.
Unfortunately, today, the paper faces unprecedented competition from a variety of sources at a time
when more and more Americans, especially younger people, are turning away from printed news.
That shift has affected the company financially as well. USA Today and other newspapers have
struggled with falling revenues and increased costs for several years. Both print and online
advertising revenues have been falling steadily, declining by over 51 percent since 2005. Classified
advertising has been hit particularly hard, declining by over 71 percent in just six years, most likely
due to

The Yellow Kid: The Influence Of Newspapers
Yellow Journalism was a term first coined during the famous newspaper wars between William
Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer the second. Hearst's New York Journal & Pulitzer's New York
Time changed how the newspaper informed and entertained people. Newspapers started to add more
sensationalized stories. It also started to increase the use of cartoons ( Now called the funnies).
Pulitzer began to publish a cartoon of his own: titled "The Yellow Kid" in 1896. The cartoon was
created by R.F. Outcault.It was the 1st famous cartoon. This became one of many things fought over
between Hearst and Pulitzer during their rivalry.They often used the "Yellow Kid" to sensationalize
stories and to discredit the stories of other newspapers. The "Yellow Kid"

In the text "The Decline of Newspapers Is Bad for the US" the author Laura Finley tells how the
internet is taking the place for newspapers. Ms. Finley states facts of how people would rather use
the internet, most people think that the internet is easier and quicker than getting a newspaper.
Finley list the newspapers that had to file bankruptcy and suffered from the decline in newspaper.
The internet is taking over the news world.
One central idea in this text was the decline in the number of people who read the newspaper. Finley
states "The biggest decline occurred between October 2008 and March 2009, when the average sales
declined 7.1 percent from the same time period a year earlier." This statement shows how the
numbers declined. Most people that are using the internet to get news do not understand how most
of the information is not based on facts like the newspapers are. Newspaper base their information
on the important and historical stuff that happens in the world, but the internet base their
information on entertainment that attracts more teenage views. Most journalist try to attract the
views of teenagers, but newspapers try not to focus on entertainment as much as the internet. ...
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Some people think that we should cut out newspapers completely, but as people have stated that not
everyone has access to the internet. This statement "The "digital divide" is very real, as many
studies have been confirmed people of color and people of lower socioeconomics classes use the
internet with less frequency." Shows that without newspaper these people would have no way to
read about the news and events going on around them. Some people can't afford the internet so they
would be without news also. So the idea of doing away with newspaper completely is crazy. If we
do away with newspaper that would leave a lot of people in the dark about news

The Dartmouth Newspaper History
The Dartmouth, originally called The Dartmouth Gazette, was founded on August 27th, 1799 by
Moses Davis in Hanover, New Hampshire. Davis, after founding the paper, attempted to gather
subscribers from the sparsely populated Upper Valley, a challenging task. Davis succeeded in
acquiring subscribers, and charged them annual fees. These fees were the only source of revenue for
the early Dartmouth Gazette. Originally, a subscription to the Gazette cost a dollar and fifty cents
per year. Davis initially lacked the funds necessary to print the issue and cover the other costs
associated with the newspaper, so he imposed an additional fee of twenty–five cents on his
unsuspecting subscribers–subscribers who had already paid their annual fee–to get the ... Show
It is true that The Dartmouth does not claim to be the oldest incorporated newspaper. Arguably,
however, part of being a newspaper is having legal recognition, or being incorporated. Therefore, to
call oneself "America's Oldest College Newspaper" on the basis of having been created in 1799 is
questionable when the date of legal recognition was not until 1913. Yet another challenge is the
regularity with which The Dartmouth is published. According to Merriam–Webster's online
dictionary, a newspaper is defined as "a paper that is printed and distributed usually daily or weekly
and that contains news, articles of opinion, features, and advertising." The Dartmouth only began to
be published regularly starting in 1876, 77 years after the 1799 date The Dartmouth refers to when it
dubs itself "America's Oldest College Newspaper." If, to qualify as a newspaper, a requirement is an
element of high frequency, or even regularity, then The Dartmouth effectively does not bear the
scrutiny of being "America's Oldest College Newspaper."
Another challenge to The Dartmouth's claim of being "America's Oldest College Newspaper" is its
continuity. Many claim that The Dartmouth experienced one or more periods of discontinuity. It has
not been published consistently since its inception. It seems wrong to call a newspaper which has
stopped and restarted over the 217 years of its supposed existence to dub itself "America's Oldest
College

Newspaper Style
Introduction
A newspaper headline is often the only thing that readers read in a newspaper, or at least, it is the
first thing that everyone notices in a newspaper. It serves as a indicator for the reader that helps
decide whether to continue on reading the whole text or to skip it onto another one. Each headline
should be a summary of the news which follows. A headline should be a regular sentence structure
containing a subject and a verb. It means that only lexical, not grammatical words are used. The
major reason for that is the space. Then the rule of a sentence may be broken, only minor sentences
are used, and such a headline can be rather difficult to understand. This happens on purpose to make
the headline somehow special with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Link to Madrid?"),
elliptical sentences ("Still in Danger")
complex sentences ("Astronauts take a walk on the dark side to repair International Space Station")
* direct speech (Beckham: "Harry is right for England")
Newspaper headlines often follow rather different grammatical rules from other kinds of writing. 1.
Articles and the verb "to be" in various functions are often left out. * LAS VEGAS A POTENTIAL
MODEL FOR CRIMEA * MISSING TEENAGER FOUND UNHARMED * EVERY WORKER A
UNION MEMBER 2. Newspapers have a special tense–system. It is unusual to find complex forms
like "is coming" or "has produced"; is used, whether the headline is about something that has
happened, something that is happening, or something that happens repeatedly. * AFGHANS BEGIN
MEETING ON CONSTITUTION * ACTRESS IRENE HANDL DIES AGED 85
Sometimes the Present Continuous is used (usually to denote something that is changing or
developing), but the auxiliary verb is usually left out. * MAYOR ELECTION SPENDING SOARS
* SOUTH AFRICA RUNNING DRY * OUTBREAK OF FOOG POISONING HITS KYIV
To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive. * DENMARK TO VOTE * GIULIANI TO
CONSULT KLITCHKO * LARA FABIAN TO SING STYLISH EUROPEAN POP IN KYIV
3. Passive sentences are constructed with no auxiliary verb, just the past participle.
– PLAYERS

Comparing Two Newspaper Articles
Comparing two newspaper articles, one from a tabloid and one from a broadsheet will convey the
different techniques that tabloids and broadsheets use to present stories. Media in general, aim to
inform and interest the audience which consist of many different types. Diverse emotions and ideas
are created by the media; foremost tabloids. Tabloids are papers like 'The Sun', 'The Mirror', 'The
Daily Mail', 'The Express' and 'The Star'. In contrast to these are broadsheets like 'The Times', 'The
Guardian' and 'The Daily Telegraph'. Broadsheets are often known as the 'quality press' being more
informing and formal in the manner they convey information and news stories.
Different newspapers show different stories; stories the reader can relate ... Show more content on
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In this headline there is a comma missing after 'Sarah' just to make the headline more catchy and
snappy. There is also alliteration 'M6' and 'man' which labels the kidnapper as the M6 man. Hence,
'The Sun' sees the kidnapping story more newsworthy for its readers and so presents it in a more
affective way, regarding the layout.
In contrast to a broadsheet a tabloid's audience is aimed at socio–economic group C and below.
Tabloids are aimed at a younger audience and focus on issues that their readers can relate to. The
targeted audience for the picture is everybody because 'The Sun' wants everybody to see it and
hopefully recognize the kidnapper. It is easily recognizable that 'The Sun' is meant for readers that
may or may not be highly educated, hence, it is called 'The People's Paper'. Therefore, the language
used has to be simple:
"Police also boosted the hunt yesterday by issuing an e–fit (above) of a suspect."
The colloquial word 'boosted' adds evidence that 'The Sun' targets a simple audience; an audience
which do not have to be highly educated.
On the other hand, 'The Times' targets socio–economic group C+. Further more, the broadsheet is
targeted at the age group 30+ and readers absorbed in financial, political or other international
matters or events. Therefore, the broadsheet is associated with educated and capable readers:
"Sussex police repeated calls for the man to come forward to be eliminated

First Black Newspaper Research Paper
The first black newspaper was the Freedom's Journal Newspaper. It was founded by John Russwurm
and Samuel Cornish. This historic paper was founded in New York City, New York. These 2 were
born free from slavery. This newspaper's premier issue was put out on March 30, 1827. The words
"righteousness exalteth a nation" were on the front of the newspaper. This newspaper is and was a
great accomplishment for the black nation of people. Black people were still in channel slavery in
some places during this time. This newspaper had at least 800 subscribers, which is very good
especially for the era that this paper was printed in. Each subscription was $3 per year. There were a
few subscriptions that were outside of the country including, Haiti, Europe

Newspaper Headlines
Contents
Introduction 2
The Language of Newspapers 2
Analysis of Newspaper Headlines 2
Headline Evolution 2
Headline Functions 2
Headline Styles 2
Headline Forms 2
Headline Variants 2
Headline Language 2
Conclusion 2
Bibliography 2
Introduction In today's hectic world one of the most important factors is information. The means of
information provision are quite different which can be summarized in one word: mass media. The
media is the whole body of communications that reach large numbers of the public via radio,
television, movies, magazines, newspapers and the World Wide Web. All of them, alongside their
informative essence, are aimed at influencing huge audiences. That audience has been viewed by
some commentators as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tabloids: In very general terms, a tabloid paper is printed on A2–size paper at 380 mm by 300 mm
(15 by 11¾ inches), which is folded to A3, half the size of broadsheets. Tabloids are known as the
"popular" or "gutter" press, often perceived as sensationalist in contrast to broadsheets. All the
mass–circulation papers are tabloid. Examples: The Sun, The National Enquirer, The National
Ledger, The Star Magazine, New York Post, The Globe.
Berliner or Midi: 470 mm by 315 mm (18½ by 12¼ inches) used by European papers such as Le
Monde in France, La Stampa in Italy, El Pais in Spain and, since 12 September 2005, The Guardian
in the United Kingdom.
Analysis of newspapers involves a consideration of both headlines and reporting styles.
Analysis of Newspaper Headlines
A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article below it.
Headlines are usually written in bold and in a much larger size than the article text. Front page
headlines are often in upper case so that they can be easily read by the passing potential customer.
Headlines in other parts of the paper are more commonly in sentence case though title case is often
used in the USA.

Headlines are generally written by copy editors, but may also be written by the writer, the page
layout designer or a news

Newspaper Report On The Newspaper
Newspaper If you step outside depending on where you live you get your local newspaper each
morning. Many people all around us enjoy the newspaper and the stories in it that provide us with
local news as well as news from a couple cities down. Newspapers first began their journey in the
18th century, when the colonial newspaper was published. The first piece of news that would later
help conjure up the newspaper only had one news item on it. A man named James Franklin who was
the younger sibling of Benjamin Franklin wrote a simple one page news sheet. Some in the past saw
the newspaper as a way of servicing god, therefore to them the newspaper would contain stories in
which told about religion.
A town known as Williamsburg was a well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 'Tribune Company of Chicago' owns the paper, which only discusses news occurring in
Broward and Palm Beach counties. A columnist of the name Mike Carlton, who began his career
early at the age of 17 working for the Australian Broadcasting Commission was well known because
of his report given as a fighter in Vietnam got him much respect as well as a permanent spot in the
paper. Carlton says that in order to write you must build a reasonable and strong standing format. He
writes for 'The Sydney Morning Herald', and although he had a rising position when it came to
writing he did refuse to write his column once in August of the year 2008 because the story was
about journalist of 'Fairfax Media' striking.
Magazines
The editor and publisher Jann Wenner founded 'Rolling Stone' magazine in the year of 1967. This
magazine is a united states based magazine in which is mainly focused on the topics of music,
liberal politics, and popular culture. Also involved with the magazine is the music critic who's name
is Ralph J. Gleason. Rolling Stone magazine like a newspaper has to have a format; their format was
altered in order to appeal to younger readers. Magazines such as the Rolling Stone was conjured up
with money borrowed by Wenner, who borrowed money from many members of her family.
Magazines are usually financed by advertising, or even pre–paid subscriptions.
The first magazine in the world was published in Germany; in 1663 ad it was called Erbauliche

The Modern Canadian Newspaper Industry
Pg. 1 The newspaper was invented to control and standardize information. It allowed rumours to be
separated from facts and provided hard evidence. The evolution of the newspaper caused fewer
companies to be in charge of press, resulting in biased information that lacked depth. The modern
Canadian newspaper industry is only owned by a few companies. This is caused by absent
alternative funding which influences market concentration, biased news coverage, and many other
negative effects. The news being published lacks diversity and becomes increasingly uniform.
Absent funding causes barriers to be broken between business and news, creating an industry that is
profit driven. This desire for profit creates monopolies and furthers the issue of biased media. It also
heightens competition between journalists and causes downsizing of newsrooms. Absent alternative
funding for the Canadian newspaper industry leads to concentration of ownership and influences
news coverage to lack diversity. The lack of funding for newspaper companies causes concentrated
ownership and leads to biased news coverage. "Media markets are inherently concentrated, and to
the extent that market profitability cannot accommodate sufficiently competitive markets, absent
alternative funding, the ensuing concentration levels may unavoidably yield biased coverage."
(Germano & Meier 2012). When newspaper companies are lacking funding, they may get replaced
by bigger companies who have the money to stay in

The Decline of the Newspaper
In 1760, The Boston News–Letter was the first newspaper to be continuously published in the
United States. A 250–year legacy of printed news could not have lasted if it newspapers didn't not
have it uses. Aside from the entertainment value, newspapers exist for the main purpose of bringing
news of international, national, and local news to the doorsteps of the people. Without such frequent
and stable form of communication, it would be difficult for any nation to call itself a free
democracy. Today however, it cannot be expected that newsprint will last forever. Statistical data
firmly suggests newspapers around the world are falling both in number and circulation. The past
several years have been difficult for newspapers as other news ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There could be no national forum where issues are discussed because people would not know what
there is to discuss in the first place. As Arthur Miller ones said: "A good newspaper, I suppose, is a
nation talking to itself." Our United States would no longer be united but instead fragmented into
"nations" talking only as far as word of mouth could reach. Lack of a national medium of
information is an obvious problem in any democracy.
Today, Newspapers are at the lowest circulation in seven decades. Numbers do not lie, newspapers
are in decline. According to a The Washington Post article from October of 2009, "The Accelerating
Decline of Newspapers", only 13 percent of Americans today buy one of 1400 daily papers. In 1940
that number was 31 percent Newspapers' annual losses of paid daily subscriptions are at record lows
all across the board. From the same article of the Washington Post: New York Times reported seven
percent loss, Los Angeles Times reported 11 percent, Washington Post 6 percent, San Francisco
Chronicles 26 percent, Dallas Morning News and Newark Star Ledger both report 22 percent losses.
Of the 25 top newspapers in the United States, only the Wall Street Journal did not report a decline
in circulation. The Wall Street Journal only managed a 0.6 percent gain. Furthermore, the rate of
decline in print circulation at the nation's newspapers has accelerated. Between 2008 and 2009 there
was a seven percent drop. Rick Edmonds, a media business analyst at

Newspaper
The promising future of newspaper
In the wave of information explosion appeared in 90' last century, the channels to obtain information
among people have apparently been diversified due to the rise of new media outlets through the
medium of the Internet. Although some advantage of newspaper has been overshadowed by the
excellent performance of new media, newspaper is actively adapting to social and economic
transformation based on maintaining its existing advantages. For this reason, the essay will describe
newspapers' prospects and explore whether newspaper have been outdated in the globalised era.
The fact that people tend to choose new media to acquire useful and valuable information rather
than mere newspaper is largely due to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of mere boring character and simple page outline, modern newspaper pays more attention on
colorful pictures and illustrative graphics, based on modern typesetting techniques. (Bob Franklin,
2008, p.637) In addition, the appearance of tabloid formats and compact editions are increasingly
popular among young readers, women and commuters, because the most striking feature of these
types of newspaper is the increased use of telegraphy or a colorful graphic in order to attract their
readers. Therefore, for modern people, reading these types of newspaper is an effective and well–
understood way to obtain information and may be popular among them for a relatively long time.
In order to gain predominance in the fury market competition and win readers, traditional
newspapers have made great efforts to design its contents published and meet the demand of their
target audiences. For example, newspapers tend to focus on a specific theme, called "personalized
news" such as finance, entertainment, education as well as all fields readers are interested in.(
Martin Conboy & John Steel, 2008) In this way, the

Newspaper Comparison
Newspaper Comparison
Today's society is in many respects dominated by the media. Newspapers, books, television, radio
and the Internet not only play significant role in an average person's life but are also multi–billion
pound industries that, through the public exposure they are subject to, carry great influence. One of
the oldest media formats still in use is the newspaper. This old printed format carries great political
power and boasts huge readerships, partly due to its cheap price, never exceeding a few pounds an
issue, and its portability.
Throughout the decades during which Newspapers have developed, two main styles of writing and
presentation in newspapers have emerged: Tabloid and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, tabloids are generally considered to be the more sensationalist, emotionally concerned
and subjective newspapers containing more pictures and easy to read text (such as the Sun and the
Mirror). Typically, Many Tabloid only require a reading age of 9, thus allowing them to be readily
understood by the less well–educated and intellectual members of the public. Clearly, the properties
of these formats can be seen as direct opposites. However they do share some similarities. An
obvious common property of all newspapers is that they are commercial, that is, that they will try to
appeal to a large a readership as possible, within their market niche readership and this is reflected
in their range of content and style. Some newspapers try to appeal to more people by mixing
elements of tabloids and broadsheets (such as the Daily Mail and the Daily Express), although the
large tabloid and broadsheet newspapers tend to follow the traditional stereotypical styles for their
type. The other key similarity between each type of newspaper is that they all exist to report the
news and current affairs, differing only in the way in which they present and portray news stories
which is also dependent on the preference of their readership. However, their priorities regarding
what stories are newsworthy differ

Television News vs. Newspaper
Television news vs. Newspaper When it comes to finding about the news of what's going on in our
world, we want details and facts. We want the juice of what's actually going on. The debate between
the efficiency of newspapers and TV news, TV news is a lot more effective.
Watching the news on TV is a lot easier for people to understand and is more convenient than
reading it on paper. For the people who are always in a rush in the morning, it's more convenient to
turn on the TV and listen to what's going on rather than trying to read a paper because it will only
slow your task down. Also, for the people who don't know how to read and for elders whose eyes
don't function properly, the TV is a better source of finding out the news. Not only ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The smallest story could be the most important; but if you have a newspaper, you won't be able to
find out what's going on, so you'll have to rely on the TV news to tell you what you want to know.
TV offers more options of news. People are mostly fond of making choices. Watching TV can
satisfy this requirement. Because there are many channels for options on news, for example, ABC7
channel news doesn't provide you the news you want to know about, then you can always change
the channel. But the newspaper is published by one publication. Whatever information is on there is
what you have to stick with. The point of view and the news are somehow limited and prejudice. So
in order to get a comprehensive view, people can try many different channels to get an
understanding.
Unlike the TV news, newspaper are portable and has no time limited, this has the advantages that
people can read them whenever they want. But I believe that getting news from TVs is due to its
efficiency, convenience and easy understanding is a lot better than just reading the

The First Real Newspaper, Relation, And Politics
The first real newspaper, Relation, was printed in 1605 in Strasbourg. The first French paper was
published in 1632. The first regularly published English newspaper appeared in London in 1622.
They were owner–operated, and were largely autonomous, although risky because talking about
royalty and politics was illegal.
Most early newspapers were short–lived. Printing and paper were expensive and relatively few
people could read. Journalism was also a risky business, as those in power did not welcome
criticism or scrutiny.
The late 18th century saw an important shift in European societies, namely the formation of a group
known as 'the public'. Urban life had to develop sufficiently for strangers to be regularly thrown into
contact with one another. Common interests began to be widely shared among people otherwise not
linked by family, religion, or other established categories of social life. A rising bourgeois class
came out from under exclusive royal control, bringing with them leisure time, education, and
financial means. It signalled a power shift, both financial and political.
In 1729 Benjamin Franklin, then owner–editor of the Pennsylvania Gazzette, pioneered the idea of
paid newspaper advertising. He also put in place a policy of editorial impartiality, clearly articulated
in an editorial column in the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1731, voicing sentiments familiar to
journalists of the digital area: "If all Printers were determin'd not to print any thing till they were

Essay On Online Newspaper
The fully customized online newspaper allows the reader to have access to audio/video content
automatically on their mobile device (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). The reader would have audio/video
access to content such as Health and Wellness, Foods, Travel, Brands, Organizations to name a few
(Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). As well as live local and national news, sports, and weather (Ferrell &
Hartline, 2014). Imagine clicking on one link and being able to search for travel destination spot for
a winter getaway (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). Another option may be to click on a story about the
Superbowl that takes the reader directly to their favorite NFL team's website (Ferrell & Hartline,
2014). The ideas or content marketing provides much value ... Show more content on
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There are two possible ways for the online newspaper to make money (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014).
The first being USA Today can charge a fee for their App (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). Second,
advertising, like USA Today did in the past by offering six months of free advertising with a paid six
months of advertising (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). USA Today could offer content topic providers
front page one inch blocks for one day a week advertising (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). Distribution
and promotion are the third and fourth steps, how to market the online newspaper to readers of all
ethnicities, and genders (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). What better way to promote an online newspaper
to varies readers than to use social media as an outlet (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). The website
HootSuite can help USA Today manage their social media accounts like Facebook, LinkedIn, and
Twitter (Hendrick, 2016). HootSuite can provide insight into which post resonate with target
populations (Hendrick, 2016).
Branding is very important, USA Today online newspaper logo needs to stay the same all their
printed newspaper logo (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). A blue filled in circle with the same font USA
TODAY printed in caps to the right of the blue circle (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). The online
newspaper is USA Today's social and ethical responsibility to build long–term relationships with
readers and advertisers (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014).

The Controversy Over The Decline Of Newspapers
There have been some controversies among the citizens of the United States as we enter the
technological age and throw away some of our old stuff. One of these old things are newspapers. In
today's age, someone's stance on newspapers may be completely different than someone else's.
Someone who grew up around newspapers may say they are completely relevant and need to be
protected. Rather than, someone who grew up around the decline of newspapers may say that they
are only killing the trees and mean nothing anymore; they are useless. In my opinion, in indifferent
on the decline of newspapers. I think they preserve history and are very interesting to look back
upon and see what life was like before my time. However, I also think that with the internet era
going on, they are kind of useless in today's society. Everything nowadays is online; newspapers,
articles, books, magazines, etc. If we live in a world where nearly everything is online, it would
seem kind of out of place to have something that was not. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I think they are too old to have in today's society. Not many people buy them anymore nor do many
people read them. If they do not cancel the distribution of newspapers now, they will in around
twenty years, when all of the technological era people have grown up. I think that it is very unusual
development in the digital era (Yu; line 11–14). I simply think that they waste paper and are a waste
of time. Other people who may have grown around newspapers their whole life may say otherwise,

In the following essays The Decline of Newspapers Is Bad for the US by Laura Finley and A Battle
of the Brands: A Newspaper War in New Orleans by Roger Yu, you will learn why newspapers are
imortant to the community. They mean more to people than what you might think, espically the
elderly. The article by Laura Finley explains what she thinks the reasons newspaper sales are
decling. In a way, she makes a point. Technology is a big factor in everything we do. When people
are on their phones they are not aware of what is going on in the world around them. If they had a
newspaper instead, maybe they would be able to pay more attention to their surroundings. In the
article written by Roger Yu, he explains what happened to New Orleans when Advocate

What Is The Decline Of Newspaper In The 1930's
The early 1900's could be called the consolidation era as technological changes and competition for
advertising dollars increased the competitive drive for circulation numbers. In response to these
changes, many newspaper chains grew as smaller newspapers were gobbled up and absorbed into
the chains or became obsolete. Complementing the glitz of the roaring twenties, a new form of
journalism emerged that appealed to a different type of reader with its illustrious smaller size. But,
as economic conditions worsened into the 1930's, circulation increased while revenues did not. This
is mostly due to advertising dollars being split between radio and television as both gained in
popularity. By 1945, newspapers had declined to their lowest and continued to drop further
alongside continued consolidation efforts into the 1970's. While daily circulation declined, chains
and printing expenses grew. The closer we got to the turn of the century and the digital age,
readership dropped significantly as young readers pursued other options for news (Dominick, 2013).
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Major publications have been purchased by single owners, such as, the Washington Post by
Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos (McCombs, 2016). Many are skeptical about whether the
independent owners will interfere with the independent voice of the papers and the future is still
uncertain for the industry. But, the industry struggles to grasp the interest of more readers with
failed attempts to charge for online viewing which only demonstrates their misunderstanding of the
internet. Dominick declares that the reason readers today rebuked the idea of paying for a
subscription is because newspapers gave it for free at first but in reality internet users tend to rebuke
the idea of paying for almost

Print Newspapers Are Becoming A Thing Of The Past
INTRODUCTION In today's world, technology is present in every facet of our lives. The media is
no exception. Print newspapers are becoming a thing of the past, with new digital, online news
taking its place. This change in how we get our news comes with both advantages and drawbacks.
While some may prefer printed news, there's no denying the news is slower and has less ability to
change. And while digital articles are quicker to publish and allow for user comments they can
sometimes be less accurate when initially printed. However, as society adapts to this new
technology, it's clear that print newspapers are becoming less and less popular and are being
replaced (Grabowicz,). ANALYSIS Speed One of the most significant changes is how quickly
people are able to access new information. With the internet, people can view new articles as soon
as they are written and posted. This can put some added pressure on journalists to print articles as
quickly as possible, lest their story become 'old news'. It's also making people expect to see the
absolute newest news in their print based news. This is evident in Chris Elliot's article where he says
people expected to see news of the Paris attacks in their newspapers the next day, even though those
papers had already been printed (Elliot, ). The ability to quickly bring people information is also a
huge benefit. With the internet ever present in our lives, people can access the information they need
in seconds. With twitter now a common

History of Newspapers
The History of Newspapers Today, people can use newspapers to find out many things. One can use
the newspaper to check sports scores, get the day's news, read "feel good" stories, or even find out
their horoscope. It was not always that way. From the "Acta Diurna," reported in the ancient Roman
empire, to the New York
Times, newspapers have come a long way. In this report, the distance that newspapers have traveled
since their inception is going to be outlined. Before literacy was commonplace in societies, town
criers would announce the news of the land to the land's people. These criers used oratory skills to
spread the news on crossroads and the marketplace. Messengers would be commissioned to report
to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1704, John Campbell started the "Boston Newsletter." This became
America's first regularly printed newspaper. This paper paved the way for newspapers to develop all
throughout the colonies. As the colonies attempted to steer away from England, newspapers became
an outlet for anti–England propaganda. Along with these papers came articles that was critical of the
government and subsequently cases of libel were developed. One very important case was the
Zenger trial. John Peter Zenger began the "New York Weekly Journal" in 1733 and his newspaper
printed some articles against the colony and its Governor, William
Cosby. After a speech by Alexander Hamilton, Zenger was found not guilty by the jury and this was
a crucial step toward freedom of the press. After the revolution, newspapers needed something else
to criticize, so journalists criticized people affiliated with the "wrong" political party. Freedom of the
press was guaranteed in 1787 in the Bill of Rights but there was a threat of war with France.
Federalists needed to squelch the
Republican writings done in newspapers, so they passed the Sedition Act in
1798.
The Sedition Act was the most significant threat to freedom of the press. It stated that "any false,
scandalous and malicious writing against the
United States, with intent to...bring them...into contempt or disrepute."
There were at least fifteen convictions.

Australian Financial Review And Australian Newspapers
Country Analysis
CMST 102
Jiasui Huang
6/9/15
Australia's newspaper In Australia, there are two national and ten state or territory daily newspapers,
35 regional dailies and 470 other regional newspapers. Most of the newspapers are owned by News
Limited, a subsidiary of News Corporation, or Fairfax Media. The two national daily newspapers
are The Australian Financial Review and The Australian. Other famous newspapers are The Sydney
Morning Herald, The Daily Telegraph, The Age, and etc. The first newspaper in Australia was
Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser and it was printed by George Howe from a
humble cover located at the rear of Government House (The Australian' Trove). George Howe had
printing experience from the West Indies and London so he had good value skills to work at the
government press. The colony's first locally published book was produced in 1802 (The Australian'
Trove). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser was printed with four portfolio pages
of official material and a limited number of private notices ('The birth of the newspaper in Australia,
2007). The Sydney Gazette was the only newspaper circulated in the colony until the publishing of
William Charles Wentworth 's paper and The Australian in 1824 ('The birth of the newspaper in
Australia, 2007). New South Wales, Australia, which recognized as part of the Australian
Newspapers service, allowed access to historic Australian newspaper ('The Australian', N/A). By the
mid–thirties,

Personal Reflections on 14 Years Working in Community Newspapers

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