American Pageant Chapter 2 Summary

American Pageant Chapter 2 Summary
On September 8, 2000, the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) made a formal apology for the their participation in 'Ethnic Cleansing' of the
Indigenous Nations of the Western Territories of the Unites States.2 From forced relocation to obscure lands and forced assimilation into the white
man's view of the world, the BIA previously set out to 'destroy all things Indian'.3 Through the colonization of Turtle Island (North America), the
American Federal policy set out to eliminate in part or as a whole, the Indigenous populations.4 The attitudes of the colonists were intentionally
detrimental and the process is naturally exterminatory.5 The process of colonization was often exemplified by violent confrontations, deliberate
massacres, and in some cases, total annihilations of a people.6 The culture of conquest was developed and practiced by Europeans well before they
landed on Turtle Island as the practice was developed, and perfected well before the fifteenth century.7 Taking land and imposing values and ways of
life on the social landscape created a conflictual relationship with the Indigenous peoples and forced a new way of life that ultimately destroyed those
that previously existed there.8 Modern Europe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colonies.12 The long standing approach to American History tends to provide a glorious triumph in a civilization conquering a 'wild' and 'savage'
world. This understanding of history allows America to ignore the oppression of their history, while the Native populations remain profoundly
impacted. According to Rebecca Tsosie, in her essay, The BIA Apology to Native Americans: An Essay of Collective Memory and Collective
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The Impact Of Globalization And Globalization
The expansion and globalization of modern, international corporations and the actions of some powerful individuals are affecting the indigenous
people of the lands they invade and deface for the "greater good" of mankind. Whole tribes and ways of life are being eradicated to make way for
hydroelectric dams, mines, million–acre mega farms, canals, and bridges. These people are left with two options: to fight for their sacred land, or to
leave and let these massive foreign projects destroy everything they once knew. The culture of these people is also being transformed in the process.
Natives of these lands are moved into small reservation–like areas and are left to adapt or perish by themselves. As modern society requires more and
more raw... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its dripping concrete was totally out of place, completely unnatural and incompatible with the landscape"(Perkins xxii). Canals are also built for
the growing of crops like rice, corn, and soybeans. Natives of these areas can do little but watch as their land is dug up and plowed over to make room
for thousands of miles of farmland, whose yield isn't even being grown for their benefit. The food grown in these occupied areas is shipped off to
Saudi Arabia, America, and Europe to feed an ever–growing population. The spokespeople for these mass farms claim that they are doing the human
race a favor, saying that this is for the "greater good;" saving the world from a potential food shortage. But at what cost does this "favor" come?
People are witnessing their entire livelihood, their land being torn apart before their eyes, and their government is doing nothing to help. These
indigenous people are swept to the side and left to fend for themselves without a clue how to move forward with their daily lives. Meanwhile, their
land is used to create huge farms for exporting food across the world: "[The Saudi's are] digging a 20 mile canal from the dam to irrigate rice
paddies. Once [the farm] is watered...[they] want to expand to at least 620,000 acres, to grow sunflowers and corn"(Pearce Introduction). As these
farms extend out and occupy more land, more people are

The Persecution of Indigenous People Essay
The Persecution of Indigenous People
On October 12, 1492, a European by the name of Christopher Columbus arrived on an island of the Americas. However, he and his shipmates were
not the first people to step foot on the land of the Americas. Long before Columbus, the Native Americans were the original populace of the land.
Despite their seniority over the land, the Native Americans were feared and persecuted by the white settlers because of their many unusual
appearances and atypical traditions and ways of life. Over the course of 500 years, there has been little progress in ending the inequity that the Native
Americans feel. In spite of decades' worth of supposed increases in tolerance, the Native
Americans, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are all very well made, with very handsome bodies, and very good countenances. Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a
horse?s tail. They wear hairs brought down to the eyebrows, except a few locks behind, which they wear long and never cut. (Faber 43)
Along with these physical differences, the Native Americans were also a people of an entirely different culture than what the Europeans were familiar
with. They were highly spiritual and respectful of the land upon which they lived. They were skilled in the ways of hunting and survival, having their
own hand–made weapons to prove so. The Native
Americans have always proved to be an exceptional and resilient group of people who deserve respect for their uniqueness rather than the tyranny they
have faced throughout history. Society and its inherent need to have all of its inhabitants fit together as one perfect cookie cutter community is the
primary culprit behind most of the bigotry that not only the Native Americans feel, but also anyone who looks or acts differently from those around
them tend to have to experience. These experiences are never positive and often include intense public discriminations that are enough to emotionally
scar a person for life. Society produces masses of stereotypes that are tailor–made, especially for

The Jesuit Missionaries and Disease in Native American...
There is data to suggest that around the beginning of the 16th Century, there were approximately 18 million Native Americans living in North
America. By 1900 the population of the Indigenous peoples had declined to about 250,000. The common belief has been that this rapid decrease in
population has been due to the disease that Europeans brought with them when they migrated to the "new world". Historian Alfred W. Crosby writes
that "it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin soil epidemics." Many reports and essays
focus on disease as the main killer of the Indigenous population, but few often look at how the European and Indigenous population responded to
disease. The questions... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main disease addressed within these documents is smallpox. Smallpox has been seen as the "most fatal of all the recurrent Indian killers." Alfred
W. Crosby claims that during the 1630s it was responsible for eliminating approximately half the people of the Huron and Iroquois populations within
the Great Lakes region. Like other European diseases, smallpox had a devastating effect on the Aboriginal population because it was the first time it
had been encountered. Thus, the Native American could not build up the immunities necessary to fend off the disease. The documents describe some
of the appalling conditions the Indigenous peoples faced "When they turn them, a whole side will flay off at once as it were, and they will be all of a
gore blood." These documents are records depicting what the Europeans had seen when dealing with the Aboriginal's sickness. In addition the
documents also show what steps the Europeans took in trying to help the Native Americans, while showing how the Catholic Church had played an
integral part in how the Europeans administered assistance to the Indigenous peoples. The people of the missionaries in New France believed that the
only "true" path for healing was through the conversion of the Aboriginals to Christianity.
Contrary to the popular belief of the Europeans using the disease

Negative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds
that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The
Americas, or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a
large toll on the Native populations. The Indies were also subject to these same factors. So, was the Columbian exchange an overall positive event for
the Americas? While not justifying the cruelty of the Portuguese and Spaniards towards the Native Americans and Indians, I do believe that the
Columbian Exchange was a positive event. The documents that I have read can be separated into three groups, including a group of people who
believed the exchange to be negative, those who believed the Columbian Exchange to be positive, and those who described the effects of the
Columbian Exchange on the New and Old worlds as neutral. An account of events that occurred during the Columbian Exchange that I would have
liked to read, would have been one coming from a Native American.
Although I believe that the Columbian Exchange was an overall positive event, many historians and witnesses believe that it also had many negative
effects on the Native populations. So while the Portuguese and Spanish did treat the Native populations with cruelty and force, the effects on the New
World were positive in the long run according to some sources. For example, Bartolome de las Casas writes that at the hands of the Spaniards "
The Indians suffered and died in the mines and other labors in desperate silence, knowing not a soul in the world whom they could turn to for
help." ( Doc 2). Bartolome de las Casas also writes about the Native American children, saying that " As for the newly born, they died early because
their mothers, overworked and famished, had no milk to nurse them, and for this reason, while I was in Cuba, 7000 children died in three months."(
Doc 4). Both of these accounts of the events happening in the New world came from the Priest Bartolome de las Casas, who reported back to the king
and queen of

Native American Anthropology Research Paper
Archaeologists destroy the sites they excavate. This has been one of the major criticisms that has been lobbed at archaeologists for years. When
archaeologists excavate a site, the common practice of digging and removing artifacts is sometimes frowned upon by the communities in the
surrounding area. In the 1800's people's views of indigenous communities where reprehensible to say the lest "American Indians were held to be
inferior to civilized men in order to rationalize the seizure of Indian lands, and that eventually, racial myths grew to supplant any other myths about
Indians as a justification for waging war on Indians and violating their treaties." (Watkins 2000: 6) This trend continued into the 1900's, but the
degradation that indigenous and to some extant non–indigenous communities have experienced is still present to this day, but it is not as prevalent as
it was in the past. The things that were decimated where Indigenous graves, sacred places, and cultural materials. The practice of looting grave goods
has been a problem since Europeans first came to the Americas "The looting of the Native American past began with the very earliest European
presence in North America, starting earlier than many would think."... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Randall H. McGuire asked the question in his paper Archaeology and the First Americas, "Why are scholars (archaeologists, historians, and
anthropologists) the stewards of Indian pasts." (McGuire 1992: 817) There is no good answer, to answer one would have to look at the relationships
between white and Indigenous communities, which in itself is a difficult. Indigenous communities have been given the short end of the stick in the
past, but that has begun to change in

Native People Oppression
The principal position of this paper will argue that oppression and discrimination were experienced by native people globally in the 20th century.
Nearly all native populations struggled with industrialization during this time, with unfamiliar people impeding on their lands and cultures. As
expansion continued into native territories, outsiders brought with them new ideals of religion, civilization, and advancement in their own
communities. As new civilizations and countries engulfed indigenous people, they became considered a threat by the new comers to the sanctity of
their gods and their societies. Governments often refused to recognize native populations, and instead tried to kill them off or assimilate them.
Conditions for American Indians at this time were harsh. Culturally, indigenous people were discouraged and barred from practicing their religions
and ceremonies, and risked persecution if they did so. Because of this, traditions were often practiced in small, secluded groups, and languages that
had once been widely spoken were known only by elders and the most devout natives.1 Sacred lands were stripped from the natives, and the
government forced multiple different tribes to share restricted amounts of land in reservations. 1 The interpersonal treatment of natives by the white
population was brutish and savage. Women would be raped by police officers, and young girls were sent off to boarding schools to be Christianized.
They were treated improperly by doctors,

The Dakota Access Pipeline Analysis
In the beginning, there was already a world, just like ours, but the people within it were filled with hate and violence. The Creating Power, displeased,
flooded their world till no one remained. When the time came to create another world, the Creating Power was careful, leaving us with a long–standing
message: not acting in peace with each other would result in our destruction. The Lakota, joined by many other Native American tribes and
indigenous tribes all over the world, share this common belief; that if peace is destroyed, so will be the world. Yet, for as long as can be remembered,
disputes over land have haunted us. The ideas of imperialism and manifest destiny have resulted in the death of many people and cultures, ancestry that
tied... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If anything, indigenous people need as much support as can be offered when it seems as though their entire nation is against them. Simple things, like
spreading knowledge of what's happening, without the sugar coated layer the media offers, is an immense help; or donating to their causes, whether
by joining protests or by simply funding protests with food and care can help. The world can't afford to lose the cultures that have built it up
throughout centuries to ignorant capitalistic ideals. We need peace throughout our people and our planet. Continuing the struggle of land disputes over
predestined land is a sure fire way to deplete the culture, ancestry, and peace that we have been built by. We can't let these disputes get the best of us
or, as the Lakota believe, we'll be on the path to

Native Americans As Unimportant
Society categorizes people in many different ways. The impression of a status often manifests itself in the way that one group regards and views
another one;Society categorizes people in many different ways. Beginning as a proud group of nations, the perception of Native Americans changed
when Christopher Columbus first arrived in the New World in 1492. After describing the people who inhabited the land as animals inferior to himself,
Columbus created a lasting image of Native Americans that would become adopted by other Europeans as they began to establish settlements in North
America. With theBecause of the belief that native Americans were simply inferior, Europeans began to take the land of the indigenous people land as
their own, simultaneously conducting a mass genocide so as to , nearly erase their Native culture. Native Americans became forgotten and had of little
value in society as their voice and place in America diminished. This perception of Nnative Americans as unimportant is still prevalent today. By
examining Layli Long Soldier's poem Whereas, the NPR interview U.S. Apology To Native Americans: Unnecessary Or Not Enough?, and the
Hyperallergic article Navajo Nation Responds to the Threat of Uranium Radiation, it is evident, based on their treatment, that Native Americans are
viewed as unimportant in the eyes of the American people America's eyes.
In the introduction to Layli Long Soldier's poem Whereas, a response to the 2009 Congressional Apology to

The Greatest Danger Of American Freedom
"The greatest danger to American freedom is a government that ignores the Constitution." – Thomas Jefferson. Since the first contact with the
Europeans, native peoples in the U.S have been battling with powerful government bodies and have repeatedly lost. Looking back to even before the
founding of the Union, native populations have went to war against the progressive, overpowering and belittling nature of the government and have
walked away with disease, famine and useless treaties. It is these bitter roots that have affected the native nations in the U.S even today. Battle scars of
decades past can still be seen on reservations throughout the United States. This isn't a game of finders keepers, there needs to be a fair way to allocate
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once people are informed, they can decide to make a change. By exposing the treaty breaches, and understanding how things should be handled, only
then can we start to reverse and redact the wrongdoings done by the U.S government. Additionally, supporters like myself of the native nations agree
that these treaty breaches are a direct violation of the 1st amendment. The 1st amendment reads, "Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." (2). By neglecting to follow treaties set up to protect Indian land,
culture and well– being, the U.S Government is in direct violation of the very systems they fought to create. Yes, separating ourselves from the tyrant
of Great Britain is fine and all, but it means nothing if we act the same way as our former crown and oppress and annihilate our native populations.
We all know that as U.S citizens, we must abide and follow the laws written in the Constitution. That being said, when the treaties in the mid 1800's
were written and passed, they allowed certain unalienable rights to federally recognized indigenous nations. These federally recognized tribes were
placed on reservations and were allowed to have a separate law system than the state they reside in. However, these nations must still

Oppression Of Indigenous People
Indigenous people are the people who were on the land first, before settlers came and took it away. In this case, Americans are the settlers, and we
took the Indian's land away. We didn't gently take their land away, we pulled the rug out from under them and stole basically all of it. We took their
land by force so that we could use it for our own benefit. In result of their land being taken away, the Indians had to move. The indians had to move to
from the land that they called their own. They had to move to cramped, small, dirty, mold filled, unnourished lands called reservations. Including their
land we also took their culture, so to speak. We made it seem like they shouldn't embrace their culture, that doing that isn't 'normal'.
Throughout our class readings we have come across many themes. They include the oppression and disrespect of indigenous people. Americans have
severely oppressed Indians, mostly through the stealing of their land. Americans then force Indians to live in a place that few people would even dare
to go. Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent and The life expectancy for men is between 46
and 48 years old. (Huey 2) The land is in poverty, to be specific, more than 90 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty line. Indians do
not treat land like Americans do,"There was a time when our people covered the land as the waves of a wind–ruffled sea cover its shell–paved floor,
but that time

Columbian Exchange Dbq
Columbian Exchange BBQ
The Columbian Exchange was a major milestone in the diffusion of the New and Old World. In 1492, Columbus arrived in the Bahamas(2), where he
first came in contact with Native Americans. There, both exchanged their cultures such as crops, animals, metals, and germs, hence the name,
Colombian Exchange. This has brought about both positive and negative effects. While some negative impacts are exemplified by the near–genocide of
Amerindians, the demerits are outweighed by the benefits of this historical exchange, including the international diversity of ethnicity, and increased
global population.
As an outcome of the Columbian exchange, the Americas were enhanced with more diverse people. Prior to the exchange, ... Show more content on
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While Amerindians were immunologically defenseless, the Europeans developed resistance due to the difference in environments.
People of the Old World had domesticated pigs, horses, sheep, and cattle(1), which had acted as pathogens to infect the Europeans with diseases. In
addition, diseases were constantly circulated with centuries of war, exploration, and city building. During the process of natural selection,
disease–intolerant

A Short Summary : The Columbian Exchange In America
Redian Terpollari
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange is one of the greatest exchanges in foods, animals, plants and diseases between Europe and the Americas. In 1492
Christopher Columbus came to America. He saw things he had never seen before so then he decided to take some of them with him to Europe. He
started trading routes to initiated an interchange of plants between Eastern and Western, as a result it doubled the resources of the food crop on both
sides.
When the Europeans came to America, they were introduced to new foods such as corn, white and sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, cacao, fruits,
peppers, peanuts, sugar cane, and tobacco were many of the new foods enjoyed by Europeans. Also they were introduced with animals as well such as
wild turkeys, llamas, and alpacas, which were brought back to Europe. Native American Indians traded some luxury items for the Europeans such as
furs. The discovery of huge amount of gold, silver, and other treasures prompted the conquistadors to launch expeditions to the Americas, but also the
fertile soil, lured many Europeans and made them to leave Europe for America in the search of the opportunities for a better life. When they were
moving to America they brought with them horses, oxen, donkeys, and camels which was very valuable for that period of time because

Was Christopher Columbus A Villain
Christopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period between
the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries when explorers were sponsored by eastern countries to claim land. Columbus was an Italian explorer, on a
conquest for gold and riches, who was sponsored by the monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, to travel to Southern Asia.
Columbus proposed the idea of traveling from East to West, rather than traveling along the borders of countries and continents, such as Africa and
Asia, to eastern countries for gold, spices, and other riches for the monarchs. When Columbus succeeded in landing in the New World, he believed
he landed in Southern Asia, but rather he landed in Hispaniola, modern day Haiti and Dominican Republic. The "New World" was a term used for
the area Columbus landed in, on October 12, 1492. When Columbus landed in the New World, it was inhabited by native people, who were used by
the Spaniards to help navigate and understand the landscape of the islands and as workers to find gold. Columbus has a mixed legacy because he had
positive and negative attributes; he made the Columbian Exchange, which increased biodiversity in the New World, and is an important explorer in
American history, but also began the African slave trade and caused population devastation due to slavery and diseases in the native populations. The
legacy of Christopher Columbus should be remembered as a villain because he was greedy for wealth and power, he introduced diseases to the New
World, and enslaved and used violence against the natives. Greediness was the downfall of Columbus, making him a scoundrel. When the Spanish
monarchs agreed to sponsoring the voyage, they made a deal with Columbus, in which both parties would benefit. If Columbus obtained gold and
spices for the Spanish monarchs, he would obtain ten percent of the profits ("Columbus and the Indians" Zinn 2). In addition, he was egotistical and
selfish. These qualities were illuminated when he interacted with his crew, specifically at the end of the voyage to the New World. While on the
expedition, Rodrigo, a sailor, saw land and told the rest of the boat,

The Native Americans
Genocide, I never expected there to be so much debate regarding the definition for this word, much less for acts that seem to fit precisely within its
definition. In order to better understand if what happened to the Native Americans was genocide or not we need to get a clear definition of this word.
According to the United Nations, genocide is, "Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical,
racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting
on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births
within the group; forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." Upon looking at this definition, the parameters that it sets are quite
broad. I definitely agree with this definition, and there is no doubt in my mind that what happened to the Native Americans falls under this definition.
One of they key words within this definition that stands out to me is "intent". Doing something with intent is doing something on purpose, with a
clear vision in mind. When I look at the history of the Native Americans, I can see clear intent in the mass killings by the U.S. Before going further
into history, I think we have to take a look back at where it all started. It is interesting to see how David Stannard points out

European Conquistadors
In 1492, the Spanish landing on the New World or Americas was a monumental event that opened a new life for both parties involved, the Europeans
and Natives. Shifts in culture and peace were the aftereffect of such an event due to the increased contact that occurred in the following centuries. From
the Spaniards to the French and English, Europeans as a whole can be grouped as invaders to the indigenous people, as their tactics of handling the
Indians included violence and deceit. The Europeans that colonized the Americas had little respect for the native communities present, and when they
did, the respect soon dissolved into strife. Therefore, change was the overlying norm in native populations, from their first contact with the Europeans
until 1750, rather than continuity, due to the new culture and dangers brought to the natives' homeland. Change was notably caused by the Europeans
through purposeful actions that benefitted their goals. With their sights first being set on gold and land, this quickly included wiping out or using
indigenous communities that were in the way. Starting from the beginning of contact and officially in 1503, the Spanish Crown set up the encomienda
system. The system was supposed to grant conquistadors Indian labor and their land, and in return the men would protect and religiously convert the
villages. The original plan was already a shift in culture and identity, but what the encomienda system turned into was drastic. The conquistadors

Yellow Horse Historical Trauma Theory
Historical Trauma Yellow Horse Brave Heart, Chase, Elkins, and Altschul (2011) define historical trauma as "cumulative emotional and psychological
wounding across generations, including the lifespan, which emanates from massive group trauma" (p. 283). This theory stems from the field of social
work and psychiatry, as Yellow Horse Brave Heart is a mental health expert. She is also a Native American (Conversations About Historical Trauma,
Part One, 2013). The theory of historical trauma is central to thinking about the Native American experience, especially when considering "histories of
genocide, colonization, forced assimilation, and exclusion that undermine intergenerational health and well–being" (Yellow Horse Brave Heart et al., p.
283). This theory shows that interactions with systems, such as those posited by Bronfenbrenner, have ripple effects that can last for generations. It
also shows that the direct cause of a problem may not be immediately visible, and may not be an individual's fault. It may, in fact, be the cause of years
of exploitation, abuse, and disempowerment. This is particularly important for Native Americans because they continue to be disproportionately
affected by extreme poverty, substance abuse, depression, and other health issues. For human service professionals, it is important to remember that
clients may have an entire history of traumatic experiences that the professional may know nothing about. "We Indians are born, we live, and we die

How the Columbian Exchange Changed Our World Forever
Products like potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and tobacco have become part of our everyday life. However, only since the discovery of America by
Christopher Columbus these products had been brought to our regions. After this discovery, the Columbian exchange started: products were
transported from the New World to the Old World and vice versa. This exchange had an enormous influence on the world: without the Columbian
exchange, the world would not be the same as the one we know today. In his essay, Charles C. Mann (2007) called the exchange the most important
event after the death of the dinosaurs. Firstly, the Columbian exchange dramatically transformed the American ecological environment. Charles C. Man
(2007) explained that, due to the success of Rolfe's tobacco plantation in Jamestown, English earthworms had been transported from the Old World to
the New World. As the worms were extinct on the American mainland, these invertebrates caused a lot of damage to the ecosystem when they ate the
foliage beneath the trees. When it rained, all the nutrients, which had been stored in the litter, were leached away. As a consequence, many trees died
because they needed these nutrients. As a result, the landscape became more open than it had been before. However, the worms were not the only ones
responsible for the drastic change in the American landscape. Besides the worms, the colonists themselves transformed the original landscape by
shipping their domestic animals to the New

Research Paper On Pow Wows
CATEGORY I Pow Wows are Native American ceremonies that are all about community and celebration of heritage. At the Pow Wows people
gather together from different tribes to dance, pray, laugh, socialize, sing and see old faces once more and make new friends.Now Pow Wows have
evolved and have become more about social dances contests have been incorporated to see who has been the best outfit or the who can dance the
best. It usually starts with a Grand Entrance which tends to be very ceremonial with flags including various tribal flags, Pow Wow flag, the American
Flag. Veterans are usually the ones in charge of caring these flags which are very interesting to me. From what I was able to see many indigenous
people have placed aside some

The Age Of Conquest Summary
The Age of Conquest demonstrated a collision of diseases of two very different worlds. In her book, Foster demonstrates that the Aztecs were already
on the brink of collapsing when Spanish conquistadors captured their city through the transfer of smallpox. Her methods included the reference of
scholarly articles to support her main idea of Aztec collapse. The object of analysis focused on the success of the Spanish controlling civilizations in
Mexico primarily through disease. Foster argues that the Aztecs fell so easily because the natives lowered their guard thinking the conquistadors were
the god Quetzalcoatl but were not aware of smallpox being the deadliest weapon the Spanish were armed with. Also, "tens of thousands of Indians,
including Moctezuma's successor, Cuitlahuac, had died from it [smallpox]" (Foster, pg. 58). Her findings conclude that the Aztecs lack of a strong
army, continuous wars with neighboring civilizations and the abundance of enemies all contributed to the start of their collapse and only intensified
when Cortes and his men came to conquer their lands.
Noble David Cook's book "Born to Die" presented a connection between diseases and New World conquests. His arguments followed the origins of
various diseases that killed off native populations and the chronological order of events leading up to the conquest of Mexico were the primary
focuses of Cook's novel. The methods Cook used included citing various scholarly articles to create a connection of

The Argumentative Essay: The Legacy Of Christopher Columbus
In 1942, explorers led by Christopher Columbus created contact between Europe and the Americas. According to historian Alfred Crosby, the exchange
of plants, animals and pathogens between the two hemispheres was biologically "the most spectacular thing that has ever happened to humans," and he
coined the phenomenon the Columbian Exchange (Crosby, 2003).
Christopher Columbus has made such an enormous impact on our history, that he is held in the same high esteem as Christ himself. After all,
Columbus has his own national holiday. "Columbus is one of only two people the United States honors by name in a national holiday (Loewen, 34)." In
schools, teachers focus too much on Columbus himself, and not nearly as much on the factual occurrences which ... Show more content on
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We live in America, so it is incredibly important for an American to know the full backstory, and the full history of their country. As an educator, we
have the responsibly to teach our students the truth, and the facts behind the history. The fact that students generally don't know much more than the
names of Columbus's three ships, shows that they are not getting the proper education and knowledge that they deserve and have the right to know. It
is very important that the students know that they are getting full disclosure from their educators. By not being given the full details, history, and truth
educators are doing an incredibly grave injustice and disservice to our students. Our students and youth are our future. If we, as educators do not
provide them with the proper history, they will never know the truth nor will they be able to provide their next generation with the proper facts and
history. I think that educators are choosing to make teaching Columbus more "fun." However, the facts are more important than the fun. Choosing to
not disclose the negatives about Columbus may make the lesson sound more fun and easy going, however that was not how the voyages went and is
therefore historically inaccurate. As an educator, you should never pick and choose what information to disclose or withdraw from your students for
the sake of making

Prosperity for the Spaniards in the New Wold was the...
It is hard to believe that even the Spaniards imagined that one journey in 1492 will change theirs and world's history so dramatically. The moment that
Spanish foot stepped on American soil started years of prosperity and glory for the Spanish empire but at the cost of the destruction of American
societies. The encounter with the new world was controversial historical moment that created one united history instead of two world histories. The
discovery led many Spaniards to the new world with the intention of settling the lands but eventually this was the start of devastating of cultures, human
populations and traditions. Using power and coercion they spread fear and destruction in the aim of gaining wealth, social precedence and Christian...
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He tells about "the most humble, patient, and peaceable" people he saw in his life. People that are so eager to know the more that if they will
brought to know the one true god they would be the most fortune people in the world. His Descriptions of the indigenous was the absolute contrary to
the "Barbarous, uncultivated and inhumane" descriptions of the indigenous by previous Spaniards. He also describes the horrors the Spaniards did in
the new world. His main example is the island Hispaniola. He observes how the Spaniards started their first ravages and oppressions in the island. The
Spaniards killed, tortured, and destroyed the native people with the most varied methods of cruelty. He tells how they dealt with the chieftains that
rebelled – they hanged them when their feet almost touched the ground in groups of thirteen (as Jesus and his apostles) and set burning wood
underneath them burning them alive. To date, these shocking acts reverberate around the world as example of the Spaniards. But obviously Casas's
stance was opposite to the Spaniards. The Spaniards saw themselves as rescuers of those "barbarian natives". They saw themselves as the greatest
nation that came to the new world to save those indigenous from their kings and devilish beliefs ant that their only goal was to spread the Catholic
faith through the indigenous people. So why the spreading of the Pure Christianity included Massacres of man, woman and child? Why they replaced

Native American Colonization
Prior to the arrival of the Europeans through their westward expansion, the first people to discover America came the ancestors of present day Native
Americans. These first immigrants consisted of many different groups and tribes that occupied different areas of North America. Moreover, they
created societies, built monuments and traded with each other, Ultimately, the European colonization and conquest of theAmericas was a tragedy that
resulted in the devastation of the indigenous communities through displacements, disease and forced conversion.
In the late 1600s, European encroachment led to increased colonial settlements and violent confrontations, with North America's indigenous inhabitants.
Requerimiento of 1513 expressed Spanish perspective of the indigenous (Requerimiento). The Spanish believed that St. Peter was the ruler of the
world, and that the newly discovered American lands were given to Spain by the pope at the time. Therefore, upon crossing paths with the natives, the
Spanish offered them a choice between submitting to Spanish rule and living peacefully or resisting and risk being killed or enslaved. Moreover, the
war between British colonists and King Philip, for instance, showcases the processes in which the native people were pushed off their ancestral
homelands due to violence. The majority of English people declared that since the natives had not established English–like settlements, they had no
right to the land. The perspectives of the colonizers

Native Americans In Marco Polo : The Story Of Marco Polo
The introduction of the spanish discoverers revealed how the native americans' lives would be changed due to enslavement, forced religion, and
the destruction of their homes. If it wasn't for the story of Marco Polo "visiting" the Indies describing the place as a heaven on earth, the place
were incredible riches are stored, where there are villages of gold, then there would never have been an interest in finding a new trade route.
Which never would have brought about the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, it also would have never brought the hardships,
tragedy, and utter genocide of the native americans. It is no secret that the Native Americans were treated unfairly. They were enslaved and forced
to do horrid, dangerous tasks. Casas states how harshly the Indians were treated. One example being the dangers act of pearl diving. This was such
a brutal task that Indians were forced to perform by the Spaniards. Pearl diving was known for its danger and severity. When fishing for pearls, the
Indians were forced to stay underwater for extended amounts of time. Sometimes they were underwater for as long as hours at a time. Pearl divers
typically did not survive long do you to the waters being so cold. They would go into hypothermia which made their lungs tighten. This caused them to
cough up blood or cause them to have severe diarrhea which made them dehydrated and leading to death. The Spaniards basically murder the Indians in
order to acquire these precious

The Cultural And Racial Unity Of All Indigenous People
Since 1492, the year in which Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, the "Native Americans", or "American Indians", the original
inhabitants of these newfound lands, became a source of dispute and conflict. The terminology of the word 'Indian' suggests the cultural and racial
unity of all indigenous people, but it was not an idea shared by them. On the contrary, a huge variety of languages, traditions, cultures, lifestyles,
existed among the indigenous populations, and had done so for thousands of years. The unifying notion of 'Indian' gave a label to all natives, failed to
recognise their differences, and became a tool of legitimisation of the Spanish colonisation of these people . After making a claim of these lands, the
Spanish... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following these philosophical and political ideas gave legitimacy to the categorization of people as inferior and superior races, and therefore the
marginalisation of the indigenous people at the expense of the domination of the 'white' nation . The Mexican state used this European philosophy to
reinforce their claims that the indigenous race was incapable of understanding civilised culture. David Brading describes the indigenous peasant's
lifestyle in the eye of the Mexican 'white' or mestizo as that of "industrious ants", not that of a "free citizens of a liberal republic" , thus reinforcing
their primitiveness and backwardness. Due to their closeness to nature, the indigenous people were considered an obstacle to the country's
modernisation .
Indeed, progress and modernity were the goals set in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution. After most of a decade of armed conflict, national unrest
and divisions was born a desire to rebuild the nation based on new ideals in the 1920's. While previously the country had been divided due to a lack of
common history, character, race, and language, where indigenous communities resembled separate countries in which inhabitants did not participate in
national life, the Mexican state thought that unity and cooperation among all races would forge a new and stronger nation. As the

Christopher Columbus Contributions
There are countless influential figures in the history of our world, even in just one country there are so many to consider. From politicians to military
leaders, from artists to scientists, and from explorers to revolutionaries, our world has evolved in the way it is lead, lived in, and organized as well as
how we think and the endless possibilities that go along with that. With this being said I believe that Christopher Columbus was the most influential
figure in world history (or at least in the time which we studied) due to effects on culture, geography, and world view.
Christopher Columbus is perhaps the most well known explorer of all time, for his discovery of The Americas, which he referred to as "the Indies."
This discovery was not deliberate, however, as his intention was to find a more efficient way of travelling to Asia, to obtain spices, by sailing west.
This goal was obstructed however, due to the entire continent of what is now known as North America being in the way. Columbus was not aware of
this mistake though, and believed that he was, in fact, in the continent of Asia. This place was not the Indies, and the people who were there were not
Indians, the world later discovered, however this did not correct the false idea put in place. Despite these people being Native Americans who were
living in their homeland, for hundreds succeeding this discovery, even to this day, people had and are incorrectly claiming that they are "Indians, which
is false, ignorant,

Impact Of The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange, negatively altering the social and cultural makeup of both the Europeans and Native Americans, transpired during the
duration of the years of expansion and commenced subsequently to Christopher Columbus' discovery of 1492. This was the predominant reason
why the Columbian Exchange relates to European colonization/trade. In essence, the Columbian Exchange was the exchange of detrimental
diseases that depopulated societies, exchange of animals, and the exchange of technology. Furthermore, ideas were freely interchanged that were in
the benefit of both Old and New World (i.e) advancements in agricultural production, superior warfare, and education. Henceforth, this
significantly transformed European and Native American ways of life. The most significant impact the Columbian Exchange had was the transfer
of Old and New World diseases, adversely affecting the population for both the Native Americans and Europeans. Native Americans suffered
immensely from European disease as these were foreign to them, thus they had not developed immunities to these diseases as a result from of
isolation from the Old World. The diseases were also escalated and easily spread, for they were infectious through air. Diseases that exceedingly
devastated the Indian population consist of the following: smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, influenza, and chickenpox. John Winthrop,
governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, states that the Native Americans were dying at alarming rates as a result of these diseases when he claims
that"the natives, [they] are neere all dead of Smallpox, so as the Lord hathe cleared our title to what we possess." In total, these diseases killed
million of Natives'. Although the Native Americans were infected and ultimately killed by these diseases, they were not the only ones going through
this predicament as the European population shrunk from 150 million to a mere 25 million. The disease that, for the most part, killed many of the
European sailors was syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. This disease was considered as "the pox" and according to Alfred W. Cosby "...they
had never seen the pox before." This mean that the disease was not indigenous to Europe and was a new disease.

The Columbian Exchange : A World Drift That Carried The...
Many years ago, there was a world drift that carried the Old and New Worlds apart, which made a split between the North and South. The separation
lasted so long it caused the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers had their
artificial establishment of connections through the Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria, which was known as the Columbian Exchange.
The exchange is the ecological events of the past millennium.The Columbian Exchange had a widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture including
slaves, diseases, and ideas between the eastern and western hemispheres. The exchange was the most significant event concerning ecology, agriculture,
and culture in history. The Europeans were the first who touched the shores of theAmericas. Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and turnips
had not traveled west across the Atlantic. The New World crops such as maize, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, and manioc had not traveled east to
Europe. Americas did not have horses, cattle, sheep, or goats, or animals of the Old World. The New World had no relations with the animals that were
part of the Old World. The New World did not have the pathogens associated with the Old World's populations of humans and creatures like chickens,
cattle and mosquitoes. There were the germs that carried smallpox, measles, chickenpox, influenza and malaria.
The Columbian Exchange of crops affected both the Old and

Positive And Negative Impacts Of The Columbian Exchange
When you are sitting in a fancy restaurant in Texas, tasting a delicious steak with a nice cup of coffee, do you know that before 1492, American
people don't even know what is beef and coffee. Nowadays, people's diet is abundant. People in every part of the world can taste the food
originated in other side of the world. This is due to one of the most significant ecological events in human history called the Columbian Exchange.
According to Nunn Nathan and Qian Nancy, "the Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, and populations
between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492" (Nathan and Nancy, 2010). It
was so spectacular that has left both positive and negative impacts in each side of the world. Between 280 million and 225 million years ago, the
earth's previously separated land areas became welded into a landmass called Pangaea. About 120 million years ago, due to the continental drift, this
landmass began to separate. It split the old world and the new world apart, which dividing North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. The
separation lasted for million years that it fostered divergent evolution. The new world and the old world's biological evolution followed individual
paths, becoming two separate biological worlds. However, after 1492, human voyagers reversed this tendency. In October 1492, Christopher Columbus
and his crew landed in Bahamas. After Columbus arrived in

The Impact Of The Spanish Conquest Of Mexico
The Spanish Conquest of Mexico and the Aztec people started when HernГЎn CortГ©s led the Spanish conquistadors to TenochtitlГЎn and conquered
the Aztec Empire in 1519. The Spaniards had gunpowder, dogs, horses, and armor that would help fight against the Azteca. The Native Americans
wanted to only wound their enemies with their woodened clubs tipped and sharp obsidian that was powerful enough to smash the Spaniard's helmets.
The use of the double–bladed swords helped the Spaniards fight close combat with the Indians. As soon as their chief died the Azteca would back
down. Not only did the weapons cause a huge impact on the Aztec but also the spread of diseases such as smallpox that were carried by the Europeans
affected the population. After conquering the Indians, the intensions of the Spanish in Mexico was to spread their beliefs about Christianity, find gold
and use them as slaves. In drastic ways the Spaniards changed the native communities, for instance plagues spread throughout the whole country side
after the defeat of TenochtitlГЎn. Smallpox, measles, and influenza were the outbreaks that hit urban cities the hardest. In 1520–1521 an outbreak of
smallpox caused thousands to die because Azteca medicine was not affective against these diseases. The second outbreak occurred in 1531 and it was
smallpox again but combined with measles and the third wave of the disease lasted from 1576 to 1581 killing 300,000 to 400,000 of the Aztec
population. The Native Americans did not

Christopher Columbus Hero Or Villain
Christopher Columbus is an internationally celebrated explorer, due to his voyages to Central America during the Age of Discovery, a period
between 15th and 16th centuries where explorers would be supported by countries to claim land. Columbus was an Italian explorer, on a conquest for
gold and riches, who was sponsored by the monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, to travel to Southern Asia. Columbus
proposed the idea of traveling from East to West, rather than traveling along the borders of countries and continents, such as Africa and Asia, to Eastern
countries for gold, spices, and other riches. When Columbus succeeded in making land fall, he thought he landed in Southern Asia, but rather he landed
in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the voyage began, he promised his sailors a large reward for the man who saw land first. While on the expedition, Rodrigo, a sailor, saw
land and told the rest of the boat, on the morning of October 12, 1492. As Rodrigo anticipated his reward, Columbus said he saw a light the evening
before and retrieved the reward for himself (Zim 3). On the whole, Columbus did not take care of his crew, but rather only cared for himself. On the
exterior, Columbus seemed to be a generous and gracious man, by offering a reward for a completed job, but on the interior, Columbus was greedy
and self–serving, by taking the reward from a well deserved sailor. He considered himself superior to his crew and denied a promise to them. He
continued to fend only for himself and became excessively arrogant throughout the conquest. Columbus should be remembered as a greedy and
self–serving explorer. In addition to being greedy towards his crew, Columbus was greedy towards to the natives. When Columbus arrived in the New
World, the natives believed he came from the heavens, due to advanced technology, the reputation of curing diseases, and the Spaniards appeared
foreign to the natives, implying they must be from the heavens. Overall, the natives were curious and interested in Europeans and tried to please them.
The natives brought them food and clothes, bathed them, allowed them to sit in a chair similar to a throne, and gave them valuable information
regarding the

Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That
separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the
other.
After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re–establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New
World plants, animals, and bacteria, commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of
the past millennium.
When Europeans first touched the shores of the Americas, Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and turnips had not traveled west across the
Atlantic, and New World crops such as maize, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, and manioc had not traveled east to Europe.
In the Americas, there were no horses, cattle, sheep, or goats, all animals of Old World origin. Except for the llama, alpaca, dog, a few fowl, and
guinea pig, the New World had no equivalents to the domesticated animals associated with the Old World, nor did it have the pathogens associated with
the Old World's dense populations of humans and such associated creatures as chickens, cattle and black rats. Among these germs were those that
carried smallpox, measles, chickenpox, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever.
The Columbian exchange of crops affected both the Old World and the New.

The Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds
that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The Americas,
or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a large toll on
the Native populations. The Indies were also subject to these same factors. So, was the Columbian exchange an overall positive event for the Americas?
While not justifying the cruelty of the Portuguese and Spaniards towards the Native Americans and Indians, the belief that the Columbian ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these accounts of the events happening in the New world came from the Priest Bartolome de las Casas, who reported back to the king and
queen of Spain. One more document that describes the extent of Columbus' wrongdoings is that of Dinesh D'Souza in "The Crimes of Christopher
Columbus" . D'Souza writes that " Undoubtedly the Indians perished in great numbers." (Doc 6). These sources could have possible biases in the fact
that some of these sources were not actually present at these historical events, and some were figures who may exaggerate to put an end to anything
they saw unjust.
A second group that the documents can be divided into is of those which revealed the effects of the Columbian Exchange to be negative. Since
Columbus did discover new land, he should be considered a hero, yet he should not be for his crimes committed upon the Natives, and neither should
the Spaniards. Christopher Columbus describes his first encounter with the Native Americans and writes that " They would make fine servants... With
fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want." ( Doc 1). Columbus believed himself to be superior to the Native
Americans and the he could to with them what he pleased. Howard Zinn in A People's History of theUnited States writes that " When we read the
history books given to children in the United States, it all starts with heroic adventure–

The Death Of The Native American Population
Suicide in the Native American Population of the Northeastern United States While the Native American population encounters many health
disparities; of growing concern, is the rates of suicide among these communities. The U.S. National Library of Medicine defines health disparities as
"the variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between socioeconomic and /or geographically defined population groups". When looking
at the Native American population of the northeastern United States, there are many factors that contribute to these alarming numbers. These include
gun availability, rural locations of communities and reservations, privacy of Native people, distrust of outside help, alcoholism, depression, lack of
resources, and acculturation stress. Many of these factors are a way of life for the Native American population. Guns are in most homes and used for
hunting and sport. The rural locations are a way of being surrounded by all that is living and therefore, well–being of the people. Alcohol abuse is a
learned and shared behavior among many families and throughout the generations. The high rates of depression are often self– medicated and
contribute to the substance abuse issues already abundant within the community. It is a difficult situation to realize the very culture of a people may be
the conduit to the problems they encounter. This can make the health care provider's jobs even more difficult. As Paquin (2011) explained, "When
nurses focus

Causes And Effects Of Historical Trauma In Native American...
Understanding the causes and effects of historical trauma is imperative to truly comprehend the current state of afflicted communities today. As
historical trauma influences multiple generations, the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the health of Native American populations
is an important issue to consider and can possibly be viewed as an indication of historical trauma. ACEs are traumatic events that occur during
childhood, such as abuse and neglect, and are known to have severe implications throughout an individual's lifetime. The following review of literature
explores impacts of historical trauma, the prevalence of ACEs in indigenous communities, interventions for healing, and future improvements in the
field. Historical trauma is a concept that refers to the wounding of generations due to traumatic experiences such as boarding schools, forced
displacement, and genocide. Responses to this distress manifest in a number of social issues. For example, alcoholism and substance abuse could be
recognized as attempts to numb unresolved grief. Other manifestations of emotional responses to this trauma include abuse, depression, domestic
violence, and suicide. A framework for understanding the effects of historical trauma on communities is provided by Evans–Campbell (2008) in her
article, "Historical Trauma in American Indian and Native American Communities". These three levels include individual–level impacts, family–level
impacts, and community–level impacts.

European Accomplishments In The New World Dbq Essay
Glorifying European accomplishments in the New World is wrong because the benefits of exploration came at a heavy cost. The conquerors were
greedy and treated the native people cruelly. Also due to European settlements a majority of native culture was destroyed and the population was
depleted. If European explorers weren't killing the native people in battle they were unknowingly killing them with diseases that their immune systems
had not been exposed to. Overall the European conquerors paid no mind to the thousands of "indians" they were killing, they solely had wealth on their
mind. In the article The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest by Miguel Leon–Portilla, he stated "A great many died from this plague
and many others died of hunger. They could not get to search for food and everyone else was too sick to care for them, so they starved to death in
their own beds." The European explorers brought many diseases such as... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They saw themselves as acting in the best interests of these people, bringing them Christianity and civilization. This attitude destroyed traditional
beliefs and social values, however, and had a negative effect on colonized populations." European explorers such as the Conquistadors wanted to
convert the indigenous people to Christianity and by doing this they destroyed the culture of the native americans. If you did not convert you were
killed and if you chose to convert then you lost touch with your original religion and traditions. Due to the uncompromising behavior of the conquerors
religions, traditions and social values of the indians have been lost. European explorers viewed themselves as superior to the indigenous people and by
thinking this way they ended up eradicating the diversity of

Native American Children And The Educational Assault On...
Any people fighting for rights encounter similar threats, but indigenous peoples face many threats that are unique to them. Struggling with
governments is, of course, common across many forms of protest, but indigenous populations have sui generis interactions with governments, ones that
are often more complicated by differences of culture. Many threats that indigenous people in particular encounter fall under the header of ethnocidal
interactions with foreign parties in which missionaries, governments, and corporations come into indigenous–held areas and destroy their cultures,
often deliberately. These "outsiders" will often believe that they are helping "savage" indigenous people by "civilizing them." Common ethnocidal
practices include education, land taking, and religious control.
Colin G. Calloway called the enforced European–style education of Native American children "the educational assault on Indian children" (383).
Native American children were taken from their homes to be raised and educated in boarding schools in an effort to make them better members of
European–American society. In 1880, the Board of Indian Commissioners wrote that "as a savage we cannot tolerate him [Native Americans] any more
than as a half–civilized parasite, wanderer, or vagabond. The only alternative is to fit him by education for civilized life" (as cited in Calloway 383).
The board did not hide their use of education as a way of destroying Native American culture and/or making it into

Racism, Hate And Greed Essay
In the past centuries men has done amazing things that have been beneficiary to all society. Among these successes comes its different inventions,
such as the automobile, boat, airplane, space ship, cellular phone and of course the personal computer that runs people's whole life on a daily basis.
Some people use these inventions for pleasure or as in the workforce to help them do a better job in whatever they might be doing in life. All of these
wonderful things men has created for its own benefit without any barriers, thus, coming together in a united effort without any race, color or culture
differences, this has not been an easy task to carry on. On the other hand, men have fallen short when it comes to treating other as equal cohabits on
the same planet that people call home. There are some strange forces that surface in men's hearts that people define as racism, hate and greed.
Racism, hate and greed is pretty much what men have experienced all through its history. All these negative feelings towards others has brought men
to develop a plan of eradication to some of these existence race of people. Subsequently, this action has inherited its name, and now everyone knows
this by the word "genocide" a systematical extermination of others. The United Nations has also given a legal definition to these actions on their
resolution dated on December 9, 1948, Article 2 in which it has proclaimed as a crime to humanity when it says, "as "any of the following acts
committed with

The Consequences Of The European Colonization Of Native...
European Colonization was rapidly expanded after Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer arrived in the Americas. The start of the
Colonization is dated to 1492. The European Colonization of the Americas was a tragedy because, the Native Americans were living a peaceful life
and the arrival of Europeans has led to the devastation of indigenous communities through diseases, violence and dispossession. The most harmful
consequences of the European Settlement to the Native Americans was the transfer of diseases. Europeans brought diseases such as small pox,
measles and influenza. This had destructive consequences for native Americans who could not fight these diseases as they did not possess
immunity. They had no time to recover from these epidemic diseases and started dying quickly. Small pox spread from tribe to tribe along the trade
routes. Thus, within a century, diseases have reduced indigenous populations by as much as 95% making matters worse. "The Epidemic took years
to exhaust itself and may have killed 90% of the people in coastal New England. This made a huge difference to American History." (Mann, 1491)
The drastic death of so many Native Americans decimated the supply of labors who were working under the Europeans in the Americas. One of the
reasons for death was that most Native Americans were not experienced for many bacterial diseases so, they had little or no knowledge on how to
combat them. The practice where family and friends gathered with the shaman at

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