7-Eleven

7-Eleven
CENTER FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Sloan School of Management
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge Massachusetts
7–ELEVEN Japan Co., Ltd.: Reinventing the Retail Business Model Kei Nagayama and Peter Weill
January 2004 CISR WP No. 338 and MIT Sloan WP No. 4485–04  2004 Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. All rights reserved. Research Article: a completed research article drawing on one or
more CISR research projects that presents management frameworks, findings and recommendations.
Research Summary: a summary of a research project with preliminary findings. Research Briefings:
a collection of short executive summaries of key findings from research projects. Case Study: an in–
depth description of a firm's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The case describes the information–based strategies that have helped SEJ become a top performing
retailer in Japan, selling high quality products through an industry–wide supply chain network. With
its strong capability to analyze customer requirements, SEJ pursues an integrated strategy, supported
by innovative use of information and IT, to control the marketing, merchandising and manufacturing
of original products. The case also describes SEJ's development of an integrated retailing
information strategy and associated systems. The company's policy of outsourcing most IT
capabilities to partners and pursuing advanced IT initiatives has provided SEJ with substantial
advantages over competitors. Strategic IT, human and information assets such as store councilors,
item–by–item real–time control, industry–wide IT network, and a sophisticated analysis system have
contributed to SEJ's success. The case addresses the challenges of remaining innovative while
sustaining current core competencies. Key words: Retail, business model, IT and information
management, IT enabled strategy, outsourcing. 22 Pages
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management Center for Information
Systems Research
Reinventing the Retail Business Model
Toshifumi Suzuki, CEO of Seven–Eleven Japan (SEJ), the world's largest convenience store (CVS)
chain, describes Seven–Eleven stores as:1 "Stores where you can find a solution for any of your
daily
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Management and Teaching Note
ecch the case for learning
case collections update
2007 Quarter 4
Visit the case search section of the ecch website at www.ecch.com to identify relevant cases from
the ecch collection and view over 31,000 full text inspection copies. ecch provides a free monthly e–
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Economics, Politics and Business Environment
9–407–049 ALLIANZ AG: BECOMING A EUROPEAN COMPANY Lorsch, JW; Chernak, A
Harvard Business School Publishing 20pp 205–024–4 BRITISH CHOCOLATE MARKET: UP
FOR A FAIRTRADE ORGANIC MAKEOVER? Structured assignment Rathore, RS; Ragu, SP
IBSCDC 15pp; Teaching note 205–024–8 (12pp) 207–057–1 BURGEONING CHINESE
ECONOMY: SIGNS OF ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Membership will save you money and make case use more convenient. Contact Catherine Tobin:
c.tobin@ecch.com or visit www.ecch.com/membership
207–056–1 ISSUES FACING SMEs IN HONG KONG: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Farhoomand, A; Sethi, K; Ho, P Asia Case Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong 17pp
207–054–1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT TRUST – JNPT: A CASE STUDY ON JNPT PUBLIC
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP Phopale, AAegis School of Business 7pp 207–044–1 KENTUCKY
FRIED CHICKEN: TACKLING THE TRANS FAT PROBLEM Fernando, R; Sengupta, R ICMR
Center for Management Research 11pp; Teaching note 207–044–8 (4pp) 207–043–1 KEPPEL
OFFSHORE & MARINE: RIDING THE WAVES OF CHANGE Wee, BG; Buche, I Asian Business
Case Centre 8pp; Teaching note 207–043–8 (5pp) 207–045–1 MACAU: THE FUTURE
ENTERTAINMENT CAPITAL OF THE WORLD? Govind, S; Chakraborty, B ICMR Center for
Management Research 20pp; Teaching note 207–045–8 (3pp)
Visit the case search section at www.ecch.com for further details and on–line inspection copies
3
Economics, Politics and Business Environment

207–049–1 ONESTEEL–SMORGON STEEL MERGER: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD Sonpal,
A; Rai, VP IBS Research Center, Bangalore 23pp 205–070–4 OUTSOURCING INNOVATION:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Structured assignment

The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations
The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations
Table of Contents
"The Breakthrough".............................................................................................2
Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms.....................................................................3
Rules for Innovation..............................................................................................4
Building An Ambidextrous Organization....................................................................6
Conclusion and Recommendations............................................................................8
Reference............................................................................................................9
Appendix...........................................................................................................12
"The Breakthrough"
One dictionary definition of breakthrough is: "a significant and dramatic overcoming of a perceived
obstacle, allowing the completion of a process." But what really makes an innovation a
breakthrough (radical, disruptive) one, rather than incremental, from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the rules and requirements that support the breakthrough–generating environment will
be addressed. Subsequently this paper will try to answer the question how an ambidextrous
organization can be built. The final part of the paper is dedicated to recommendations and
conclusion.
Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms
The idea of implementing radical/ disruptive innovation in mature firms is discussed in the article of
Richard Leifer; Gina Colarelli O'Connor and Mark Rice, "Implementing radical innovation in
mature firms" revealing the fact that there is increasing evidence of breakthrough innovation in the
competitive marketplace today, but there is uncertainty on whether it is worth risk taking today?!
And especially large established firms face this dilemma; they have grown excellent at managing
operational efficiencies and building customer loyalty. But will they be able to take wise decision
when it comes to radical innovations and face the chaos associated with commercialization of
breakthroughs. Subsequently, some companies actually made it possible, for example IBM, with a

new generation of communication chips, describing an innovation aimed to increase switching
speeds and reduce

The Learning Organization Essay
Peter Michael Senge was born in 1947, he is an American scientist. Senge received a B.S. in
Aerospace engineering from Stanford University. While at Stanford, Senge also studied philosophy.
He later earned an M.S. in social systems modeling from MIT in 1972. He also earned a Ph.D. from
the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1978 (Wikipedia, 2011). He was the Director of the Center
for Organizational Learning at the MIT Sloan School of Management, and as of 2005 was on the
faculty at MIT. He is the founding chair of the Society for Organizational Learning (SoL). This
organization helps with the communication of ideas between large corporations. It replaced the
previous organization known as, The center for Organizational Learning at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
People are watching the same movies, reading the same magazines, and dancing to the same dances
from Boston to Bangkok, to Buenos Aires (Marquardt, 2002). The first component is Systems
Thinking. He uses a rainstorm as an example of how humans interrelated actions have a diverse
affect on each other, and how humans usually don't see those invisible links because it takes years to
take form. Because people don't usually see them for years and only focus on snapshots, it arises the
questions of why there problems never seem to get solved. According to the author Peter Senge,
"Systems thinking is a conceptual framework, a body of knowledge and tools that has been
developed over the past fifty years, to make the full patterns clearer, and to help us see how to
change them effectively" (1990, p.468). The second component is Personal Mastery; the special
level of proficiency. It is the discipline of continually clarifying and the deepening of personal
vision, focusing of energies, developing patience, and seeing reality objectively. Personal Mastery
has two components. First, one must define what goal one is trying to achieve. Second, one must
have a true measure of how close one is to the goal (Senge, 1990). Personnel mastery is an essential
cornerstone of the learning organization; an organization commitment to capacity for learning can
be greater than that of its members. The author

The Realm Of Big Data
7001ENG– Research Methods for Engineers.
Literature review
Group No: 14
Akash Parekh
Harish Segal
INSIGHT INTO BIG DATA
THE REALM OF BIG DATA
Introduction
The variety, volume and velocity (Lohr, 2012) of data have evolved in the present contemporary
times with various companies and business embracing the benefits and advantages leveraged out of
Big Data and its plethora of real life applications. This concept have taken a huge leap ahead in time
and have find some innovative and creative ways to collect, store and analyze data which his
enormous these days. The realm of e business and its applications in this industry are conquered by
the means of big data.
Literature Review
Big Data is a useful tool that helps in collecting, analyzing and disseminating any form of
information that may start from simple phones and ranging up to enormous super computers to
analyze the movement of pattern, behavior of people towards data and patterns that are developed
out of data analysis (LaValle, 2013). Data mining techniques are also aided by the concepts of big
data to scoop out some of the useful information in various fields and researches of study. The
pattern analysis can be aided with the help of text messages via cell phones. It is almost next to
impossible to trap the data generated by millions of users but with the invention of this new
technique and plethora of tools aiding the process of data analysis, the cell phone data generated by
approximately six billion of

How Assumptions of Consensus Undermine Decision Making
Cover Letter People are always trying to come to a consensus that they know something or someone
before they get the true in–depth details. This more often than not leads them to making false
assumptions. False assumptions are a misuse of statistics and occurs when a statistical argument
asserts a falsehood. At the end of the day these false assumptions lead us to looking stopid in the end
as we were proven wrong. What I want to know is what always proppels us to want to jump to
conclusion before we get to know someone or something. In my essay I will explain why people
jump to conclusion and what ways we can help ourselves not make these false assumptions.
Jumping to conclusion We always think we know something or someone better than we actually do.
More times than not these assumptions or educated guesses what many people call them are more
often wrong the majority of the times. We always try to go with our gut feeling on something that
propels us to jump the gun and make a false assumption which makes us look like a fool at the end
of the day. In my last two essays I proved the point how we make false assumptions that propel us to
jump to conclusion and how more times than not our conclusion that we make is false. After doing
an extensive amount of research im writing to figure out why we make these false assumptions that
propel us to jump to conclusion. The personal assumptions that undermine people's decisions
making are unconscious. In "how assumptions of

Pursuing Doctoral Studies For Academic Excellence Essay
I am mostly interested in pursuing doctoral studies to achieve my ultimate goal to become a prolific
researcher as well as an inspiring, knowledgeable university–level teacher. Consequently, in the
short–term, my goal is to gain knowledge and skills related to research and teaching especially
during my PhD program. Additionally, in the long–run, I will spend most of my time practicing the
knowledge and skills that I will have already acquired by teaching classes and seminars, doing
research projects, as well as writing qualified academic articles and books. I will dedicate most of
the time that I have after gaining a Doctorate degree in Business to the advancement of the academic
excellence.
In the meantime, I realize that at the moment my business knowledge is predominantly empirical
gained mostly from my background experience both professional and academic (MBA). It is wide in
nature as it covers many aspects of business practices. Yet, I miss the depth of the business
knowledge. Therefore, my understanding on a more theoretical background of business and
economic phenomena is limited. Pursuing a doctoral study would undoubtedly be necessary for me
to enhance my understanding, particularly in terms of theory and concept. It is not only in terms of
my comprehension of the subjects per se but also in terms of skills necessary in theory building and
research capability. Those are, I deem, very critical elements in academic excellence. Moreover, I
believe, all of these are

It Doesn 't Matter By Nicholas Carr
Nicholas G. Carr initiated a discussion about the strategic importance of IT spending of companies
in his Article "IT Doesn 't Matter" published in Harward business review , 2003. He also advises to
reduce the spending on IT infrastructure by arguing the fact that IT become commodity rather than a
strategic advantage. Diminishing strategic advantage of the IT as explained by Nicholas Carr is not a
broad view of the topic and Author has limited the scope of IT with mostly hardware part and not
discussed the various advantages a firm can gain with use of information technology in a whole.
Author suggests that business corporations should spend less on the IT infrastructure by arguing that
IT is no more a strategic advantage and is similar to other commodity which is assessable to each
and every one at market place. Author advices organizations to spend less on the IT capital, to wait
and learn from the mistake of competitors and also evaluate the risks associated with the
implementation of IT infrastructure. Author has provided the details of it spending and financial
outcome of the industry. Here we need to understand that financial out come from an IT investment
cannot be expected immediately or in the same financial year. First of all capital goods are very
different from the information good. Business benefitted from the Information technology not only
based on the how much they spent on the IT rater than how their IT operations are aligned with their

Review Of Michael Hammer 's ' Reengineering At Net Speed '...
Introduction This paper is a summary of research on scholarly articles by Michael Hammer, Ph.D.
The three articles are "Reengineering at Net Speed", "The New Business Agenda" and "Putting Six
Sigma in Perspective". Dr. Hammer earned his bachelors, masters and Ph.D. in computer science
from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was professor in the computer science department
at MIT and a lecturer in the MIT Sloan School of Management. He is best known for his work in
business process engineering (https://en.wikipedia.org). Reengineering At Net Speed "Fasten your
seat belt; it'll be quite a ride", is how Dr. Michael Hammer ended his 1999 article in
InformationWeek titled, "Reengineering at Net Speed". The article focuses on the possibilities the
internet will have on business processes and how process reengineering is necessary in "net" age.
Dr. Hammer argues that reengineering is necessary with the internet because "automating a mess
yields an automated mess". He argues that a poorly designed process in a traditional business
environment will be a poor designed process on the internet as well. He further states that processes
will be need to implemented and designed to support the internet model of business. The internet
model of business has high customer value access. Customers are able to place orders and check on
shipments. Hammer also states the internet has no boundaries. Companies are able to business
anywhere in the world due to ubiquity of the

College Admissions Essay: A Career As A Math Class
When it comes to STEM, the things that STEMulate my mind are the things that have to do with
science and math. I really like the science part of STEM because it leaves me to explore, and I get to
work hands on pretty much all of the time. I like the math portion of STEM because there really isn't
a time in my math class where we stop learning, and the effect of that is that I never stop thinking
and I love it when I don't stop thinking. I honestly enjoy working with the people at my tables in
math and science class to build and solve everything, it gives me a chance to learn more about them
and myself. I love my team members and even though I am a little "harsh" when it comes to
working on and completing projects at times, I love how much I learn from and about them, when I
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But before I started watching that show I wanted to be what most other little girls wanted to be. For
example, royalty, a veterinarian, or a baker. When I found that in order to be a forensic
anthropologist that you had to be good in math and science, I sort of just gave up. For years, I just
shrugged at the "what do you want to be when you grow up?" question Business school rankings are
important to the various business schools because they are an important marketing tool used to
recruit top students, and lure recruiters from the top companies. Business schools attempt to achieve
higher rankings in order that they may obtain the top students who will over the course of their
careers most likely benefit the school by achieving high ranking positions, attaining great influence,
and accumulating great wealth. Such students often are able to help other students attain better
(higher paying, more respected and more influential) jobs. Students use the rankings to choose their
school, and creators of the rankings produce them to aid in this

Environmental Sustainability At The World, Massachusetts...
Introduction
Environmental sustainability is a subject that has seen an exponential rise in its importance and
influence since the past few decades. Since 1970, when this topic started gaining wide attention,
several organizations and leaderships have been established that promote environmental
sustainability. These organizations and leaders have been set up on an international, national and
even at a local level. Today, businesses and institutions, whether global or local, have initiatives and
goals that they follow in order to make our environment sustainable. This paper will focus on the
efforts of one of the larger and more popular institutions in the world, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
What is Environmental Sustainability?
Environmental sustainability is ensuring that we maintain the quality of the world we inhabit. This
includes the air that we breathe which is constantly getting polluted by several chemicals discharged
into the environment. It also includes wildlife and vegetation which are at risk due to pollution as
well as the still present frontier attitude. Talking about the future, popular environmental activist
David Suzuki once said, "We're in a giant car heading towards a brick wall and everyone's arguing
over where they're going to sit." The world for our future generations does not seem very promising,
which is why environmental sustainability initiatives are all the more important.
Findings and Discussion
There are several unique

Case Study Summary of Zara and Oxford Industries
Summary of Zara
Zara specializes in inexpensive fashions for women and men between the ages of 16 and 35. In
keeping with the spirit of that demographic, Zara moves quickly. Like many apparel retailers, it has
two seasons–fall/winter and spring/summer–but selections change frequently within those periods.
Items spend no more than two weeks on the shelf before making way for new merchandise, and
stores are replenished twice a week.
With annual growth of around 20 percent in both sales and number of stores, Zara was finding that
strategy increasingly difficult to execute. Part of the Inditex group of fashion distributors, it
currently has more than 1,100 stores in 68 countries. With so much volume flowing through the
supply chain, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of this transformation, the Atlanta–based company embraced a brand–focused business
strategy. In 2003, Oxford acquired the island–inspired Tommy Bahama operations, followed by the
2004 acquisition of Ben Sherman–a well–known London–based brand made famous by the
popularity of its shirts among British rock stars.
Oxford's legacy business units, Lanier Clothes and Oxford Apparel, also evolved. As one of the
leading suppliers of men's tailored clothing to retailers, Lanier Clothes designs and markets suits,
sports coats, suit separates and dress slacks. While continuing to sell these under private labels, it
also has licensed a number of well–known brands, including Geoffrey Beene, Kenneth Cole and
Dockers. These products span a wide price range and are sold at national chains, department stores,
specialty stores and discount retailers throughout the United States. Oxford Apparel's products range
from dress shirts and western wear to suit separates and golf apparel, designed mostly for private–
label customers like Lands' End, Federated Department Stores and Men's Wearhouse.
Oxford Industries also sells through 55 of its own stores. In the late 1980s, early in its
transformation process and prior to the acquisition of Tommy Bahama and Ben Sherman, Oxford
realized that it needed to bring its business divisions up to speed with more robust information
technology. After completing the implementation of a company–wide

The Marketing Strategy Of Business Strategy
The research program started in 1984 by MIT Sloan School of Management studies the influence of
IT on organization (Morton, 1991). Results include IT application needs changes in organizational
and management structure as well as organizations are required to go through necessary
transformation to compete globally. That findings lead to the MIT90S framework. Another study
looked at the IT's responsiveness to business strategy creation (Tan, 1995). Here, the responsiveness
is defined as the degree to which information technology is exactly considered in the formulation of
business strategy. The key finding is that the prospector business strategy is more IT–strategy
responsiveness than analyser and defender. In other words, IT is more ... Show more content on
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Firstly, the company develop a business strategy. Secondly, the company choose an appropriate
structure. Thirdly, the firm design the management process. Finally, there is a need to align
Information Technology (IT) with the business strategy. IT here is treated as a 'back–office support'
(Allen & Morton, 1994). In addition, employees will be trained and their functions are designed
specifically. As a result, the most important issue in this model is to determine the strategic vision
and to handle the problems of implementation. According to figure2, in contrast, in the MIT
strategic model of change and fit, an "emergent perspective", the components are more interrelated.
The strategic fit attempts to align the organization with its external environment and to manage the
internal resources to meet that alignment (Miyamoto, Kudo and Iizuka, 2014). In terms of strategic
change, the business strategy is being shaped gradually and is an outcome instead of a driver. In
terms of IT, IT becomes an integrated part of a firm's key business process. To be more specific, the
story begins with the increasing and tactical adoption of technology in order to catch up with the
performance of the competitors. Then, it becomes the driver of changes in individual roles,
management process and corporate structure, which constituting

Summary OfThe Merger Of Two Competing Hospitals
Healthcare Management Final Paper
In the short story "The Merger of Two Competing Hospitals", we see both Porter Regional Medical
Center and Banner Regional Medical Center reach an agreement to form a merger. Both Hospitals
had at least one major current flaw and by teaming up they no longer had to worry about the aspect
of competing with each other. PRMC faced the problem of annually losing large sums of money.
While over at BRMC the problem laid within the infrastructure and not the problem of money.
After the completion of both hospitals coming together to form a newly named hospital, the question
of creating an executive team in charge of management comes about. In my opinion, before moving
forward in any way to create the executive team, candidates must be considered for their potential
leadership. Just imagine how hard it would be to fail if the newly created hospital looked for
leadership comparable to Arthur T. DeMoulas, when hiring for the executive team. While Market
Basket is not a hospital, the whole idea of the managers acting as leaders would be great for a new
hospital1. This could make all employees act loyal and show great customer service, and lastly
having all the customers (patients) come and leave happy.
According to MIT Sloan Management Review, there are six steps that should be taken to properly
rebuild a management team. The first includes Reducing Role Ambiguity. This is essentially
individuals who leave the new company because of the uncertainty the future holds for them. To
help this, the board should do its best to ensure the company will be fine to the new executive team,
as well as quickly remove any individuals who doubt the new company will be a success. Having
just a few individuals who doubt the potential of the merger could quickly ruin a whole team and
bring moral down. The second step states "Due Diligence Around Talent Is a Dangerous Corner to
Cut". To solve this, the board needs to get to know all the managers on both sides of the merger and
actually find out about their full talent potential. The third part states "Recognize Old Habits Die
Hard – But Not All Should". Each company before the merger had a certain way of doing things,
and while some of those methods

BADM 590 Spring 2015 Schedule
University of Illinois, College of Business Administration
BADM 590: Operations Strategy
Schedule of Classes and Assignments for Spring 2015
CLAS #1:
No assigned readings or case discussions. This class is reserved for introductions, familiarization
with the syllabus and course policies, and a review of concepts from the core strategy and process
management classes.
CLASS #2
Case Questions:
1. Which characteristics of McDonald's production system have been most important in building its
record of success and growth?
2. What are the primary new challenges McDonald's faces in the 1990s?
3. How would you adapt the system to accommodate these changes in the U.S.?
4. How can McDonalds lay the basis for future growth?
Readings:
1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How do these figures change if the time required to prepare a patient in the operating room increases
from 30 to 45 minutes?
For all calculations, assume that: (1) Booth only performs unilateral procedures, (2) the first patient
cannot enter the operating room until 7:00 AM, and (3) the entire procedure for the final patient
must be complete by 12:00 PM. Also, note that an operating room is considered non–idle when it is
either occupied by a patient or being cleaned between procedures.
Readings:
1. Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis, and Jose A.D. Machuca, "Rapid–Fire Rulfillment", Harvard
Business Review, Vol. 82, November 2004 (p. 104–110).
2. Charles Corbett and Luk Van Wassenhove, "Trade–Offs? What Trade–Offs? Competence and
Competitiveness in Manufacturing Strategy", California Management Review, Vol. 35(2), Summer
1993 (p. 107–122)).
CLASS #6:
No formal class or assigned cases. This day is reserved for team meetings and brainstorming about
the projects. Each team should pick a technology to look analyze terms of how it is likely to affect a
particular industry. Alternatively, the team might develop an entrepreneurial idea based on a new

technology.
The following reading provides a good background for thinking about how new technologies might
change organizations and ways in which things get done, so it is helpful to go over before the teams
meet:
CLASS #7:
Case Questions:
1. Compare the JetBlue's operations strategy

Essay about The Unfair Treatment of Women
The Unfair Treatment of Women
My mother has always promoted sisterhood and support for women. Growing up, I was taught that
women, although we can do anything we want to do, need a support system, because we are
traditionally the underdogs, and we should not accept being treated unfairly. My mother likes to tell
a story about how, when she was a girl, she told her dad that she had decided to become a lawyer
when she grew up. In response to her proclamation, my grandfather, an attorney himself, asked,
"Isn't that an awfully expensive education for a girl?"
My mother was involved in her education throughout high school. The number of opportunities
presented to her while growing up and in her education, however, did not even come ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In life outside the office, forced sex on a date was not called "date rape," but rather a bad night. Teen
mothers were solely responsible for the babies they had out of wedlock at that young age. If a
woman got married and changed her name, she would lose all her credit cards and have to reapply
for credit. Similarly, if she got divorced, all the money in the checking account she shared with her
husband would go to him, and she would once again lose credit. Domestic violence was not the
crime that it is today. In Texas, it was legal for a man to shoot his wife and her lover if he caught
them in bed together, but the reverse was not true.
Women everywhere in our culture were having similar experiences of unfair treatment because of
being female, so they banded together to improve their social and professional status. Women
created several support systems for each other, because they knew that the only way to bring about
change was in numbers. The League of Women Voters set a precedent over 50 years ago as a
successful organization made to ensure women the same voting rights as men. There are now such

Why dialogue is needed in organization
Introduction
Why dialogue is needed in organization?
Dialogue is different from any other tool of the techniques it is method for problem–formulation and
problem–solving technologies. Dialogue is essential for understanding culture and sub culture, for
that instance organizational learning will probably depend upon such cultural understanding.
Because of the high revolution seen in the technology and technological advancement its essential
for an organization to accept the path of dialogue. There are many subunits had been formed in
organization because of knowledge based information, geographies, market, product, and
technology. So this subunits transform their subcultures. So organization have to require some
mental models. And this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But decisive dialogues can not be duplicated. These factors constitute an organization's most
enduring competitive advantage, and they are heavily dependent on the character of dialogue that a
leader exhibits and thereby influences throughout the organization. (ram charan 2001).
Dialogue is not just a path of productive conversation but it also implies reflectiveness or positive
response. It is not just improving the effectiveness of business and proving objectives but its create
the relation between two parties eg. Stakeholder and owner, manager and worker, owner and
manager etc. in dialogue "each person is participating, is partaking the whole meaning of the group
and also taking part in it." ( david bohm– 1996,p. xiii)
When one time dialogue is in act than its possible to short the gap between two groups and cultures.
Groups are interested for making fairness results in their given task through good conversation and
by giving their different thoughts. 'Dialogue encourages their participants to cut their stereotypes'.
(daniel yankelovich 1999)
Dialogue explore the self organizing theory in which individual have to act in a team for accomplish
such objectives in way of culture. when individual being together they have specific ideas for
making such communication. Dialogue is a way to get us away

My Career Goals And Objectives Essay
Nine years ago when I first joined faculty of engineering at Alexandria University, I would have
never imagined that I would apply for a Management PhD program one day. My dream was to
become an electrical engineer but another thing was perfectly destined and planned for me. It has all
started during my last year in the college. I was majoring electrical engineering and I took a project
management course. This course has changed all my goals and objectives. I have become really
impressed by how it could be so important to simulate and optimize process, and how that can save
much money, time and resources. Unconsciously my career objectives have taken a twist during
studying that subject. Quantitative analysis, mathematical modelling and optimization of different
business processes have become my major interests.
In 2012, I completed the BSc degree in Electrical Engineering with an excellent cumulative grade
with degree of honor which is the highest possible grade in Egypt. My ranking was also the fourth
student among 196 students' class. After graduation, my vision was not so clear but I wanted to learn
more about business and its different areas. Therefore, I decided to enroll ina Master of Business
Administration program to pursue my goals. I applied to ESLSCA, a French business school which
has a campus in Alexandria, MBA program and fortunately I was accepted with a scholarship too. I
was a little bit afraid at the beginning of the program as I was the youngest and the

Impulse Buying
Running head: CAUSES OF IMPULSE BUYING Impulse Buying EN1320 ITT Technical Institute
Impulse Buying Everyone does it from time to time. I'm talking about acting upon impulse. In some
cases, impulsive actions can be harmless or even rewarding. This is usually not the case though
when it comes to making impulsive purchases. Studies have shown that on average, between 50 and
65 percent of items purchased while shopping we're not on their lists, and we're bought out of
impulse. The question at hand is why, and this is what I am going to try and answer. Impulse buying
begins a downward spiral that, if not corrected, ends with owning up to unexpected and undesired
consequences that can be very detrimental and life changing. As defined ... Show more content on
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In the study mentioned above by Spool (2011), a major driver of impulse purchases is the use of the
category links on the website. Certain designs led shoppers to find products through category links
rather than the sites search engines. When shoppers used these categories, they were far more likely
to make impulse purchases than when they used the search engines. In the study, 87% of the dollars
spent on impulse purchases resulted from users navigating the site by the category links. Users spent
the remaining 13% of the money after navigating via the sites search engines. If a visitor sees a
"popular products" section or a "clearance" banner on a site, those are the things they are most likely
going to click. Even if they went to the site looking for a particular product, this strategy is usually
taken advantage of. Many retailers put a "may we suggest" section on each and every product page
with items that are relevant to what the customer was looking for, and this is also very enticing.
Other ways online pages encourage impulsive purchases is with the use of things such as time
sensitive sales. This can be sales such as Memorial Day sales, deal of the day, or just random
clearance sales. It doesn't matter what the occasion is, making a banner that says something like
"Sale ends at Midnight!" will encourage people to click the link, venture further into the store, and

The Fifth Discipline: The Art And Practice Of The Learning...
Peter Michael Senge is the founding chairman of the Society for Organizational Learning (SoL).
This organization delivers the services of advises about the communication of ideas between large
organizations (as cited in Vliet, V.V., 2013, p.4). He is the author of the bestselling book The Fifth
Discipline: 'The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization'. (1990). Peter Senge theory of
learning organizations promote an environment where people are engaged in their work and
committed to the vision of the organization. In addition, at the MIT Sloan School of Management,
he is a scientist and director in Center for Organizational Learning. Besides, he served as senior
lecturer at the System Dynamics Group at MIT Sloan School of Management and co–faculty at the
New England Complex Systems Institute. (http://howold.co/peter–senge)
Peter Senge was born in 1947. He graduated as a Bachelor's Degree ... Show more content on
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Then, he acquired his Master's Degree in Social Systems Modelling from Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) Sloan School of Management in year 1973. After that, in year 1978, he obtained
Doctorate in Management. Peter Senge started working as an engineer in training for John H.
Hopkins after he had acquired his doctorate. In year 1970s and 1980s, Peter Senge gained practical
experience in organizations like Ford, Chrysler, Shell, AT&T, Hanover Insurance and Harley–
Davidson. (as cited in Vliet, V.V., 2013).
In year 1990, he published the book "The Fifth Discipline". His status from an engineer had changed
leading figure in the field of organizational development. He laid out his thoughts about
organizational learning in his book. His theories mainly seeing organizations as learning instruments

A New Future For Business
A New Future for Business?
Rethinking Management Theory and Business Strategy
Introduction
In their 2010 article in Business & Society, "A new Future for Business? Rethinking management
Theory and Business Strategy", authors Han, Kolk and Winn report the need for a fundamental re–
think of the approach of academics toward business theory and strategies, with a focus on
sustainable practices, and the ecological and societal consequences of business.
This paper will explore the need to re–think the fundamental role of the businesses in opozarja, da
morajo biznisi posvetiti vso pozornost na sustainable development in da making money ne sme biti
primarni cilj. This paper will explore what has been done in last 25 years since the sustainable ...
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4. The conventional approaches of value creation and growth focused business, are often blind to
new approaches that bring substantial benefits by adopting greener and more socially responsible
ways. Authors question whether public policy needs to be called upon, to better regulate business
conduct with societal needs. Six academic articles:
1. In the article 'Why making money is not enough', Tata et al (2013) argue that maximizing the
profit should not be the primary purpose of the businesses. Businesses need to understand
sustainable development is more important and should be the primary driver. Authors highlight Tata
Group as a good example as Tata primary purpose was to help people and not make money. Authors
highlight what has changed in 20 years – after people realized fundamental changes will need to be
made for a sustainable development. Today, some companies are investing into clean technology but
we still haven't done enough to reduce world population. Authors argue a critical need for economic,
social and environmental issues to be considered with new business strategies and future
technologies.
2. Andreas, Cooperman, Gifford & Russell (eds), 2011 in the

J. C. Penny Organizational Culture
The culture at J. C. Penny before Johnson can be described as inclusive and employee centered. The
organizational culture can perhaps be described as a hierarch culture. A hierarchy culture has an
internal focus and produces more formalized and structured work environment (Kreitner, p. 70). The
founder, James Cash Penny, managed his stores under the philosophy of providing the best customer
service at the best price. He truly believed in giving his customers the best deal possible. The
company continued to thrive under this basic tenant, but started to lose its market share and overall
appeal in the early 2000s as the internet and small specialty stores like H&M and the GAP started to
attract more of their customers.
Ron Johnson was brought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
C. Penny's over 100–year presence in the retail industry, any organizational change would require
careful and thoughtful planning. Edgar Schein, former professor at MIT Sloan School of
Management and Organizational Behavior scholar notes that changing organizational culture
involves a teaching process (Kreitner, p. 74). This process is beneficial for both the existing
employees and new leadership. One of the processes that I would have recommended to Johnson at
the beginning of his term with J.C. Penny would be the organizational activities, processes or
outcomes that leaders pay attention to, measure, and control. The behavior of Johnson and his new
management team suggested that they rejected learning about the existing culture at J.C. Penny and
how and why things are done the way they were. To meet the objectives of the board of directors,
the immediate focus was to focus on what he thought the customer wanted...a method that was
proven to be successful at Apple, but failed at J.C. Penny. Had he spent time getting to know his
employees and explained his vision for J.C. Penny, he would have received valuable information on
not just the how, but what why things are done in the manner they are done. Why it was important to
keep the coupons that customers loved to use. Johnson knew the history of James Cash Penny and
thought that his "Fair and Square" pricing strategy was all that was needed to transform the
company. But he failed to truly understand Mr. Penny's philosophy the Golden Rule where you find
good employees, train them well, as well as sell quality goods at a fair price (J.C. Penney Company,
Inc. History,

Research Paper On MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), is one of the most renowned university in the world.
MIT is the first ranking university in USA. There are many highly qualified and well educated
universities in the world, MIT is one of them. The top rated universities list in the world, the
position of this university is also first.
MIT, is basically a private research university which situated in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is
founded in the year of 1861.The mission of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is to advance
data and educate students in science, technology, and different areas of scholarship that may best
serve the state and also the world within the 21stcentury. The motto of the university is "Mind and
Hand". The University Chancellor Name is Cynthia Barnhart, President Name is L. Rafael Reef, and
Provost Name is Martin A. Schmidt. In this university, there are 5 categories schools. They are
schools of architecture and planning, schools of engineering, schools of humanities, arts, and social
sciences, schools of management and schools of science. The area of the university is 168 acres. The
number of academic staffs are 1021. 11,319 students are studied in this university on different
subjects. Total undergraduates students are 4512 and postgraduate's students are 6807. The campus
building, academic building and others bundling color is cardinal red and silver gray.
There are two semesters system in this university. One is fall which start in August and end in
December. Other is spring which start in January and end in May. There are undergraduates,
graduates, Ph.D., research programs in the university. The undergraduate's program time is four
years. Every year many students get admission in this university. It is also a credit system university.
Graduates program time is 2 years. Ph.D. and research program time is 3 years. Since it is a research
type university so that most of the students come here to complete their graduate's degree and Ph.D.
degree.The teachers are well educated and highly qualified and most of the teachers are professor
and Ph.D. holder. They are also friendly and well mannered.
There is also a big library in the university. The library section is divided into 5 parts.

Computer Industry And The World Of Mobile Phones
BY:DONTE. NETHERLANDS TECH .VS. USA TECH period3 Think different. It was more than
an advertising slogan. It was a manifesto, and with it, former Apple CEO Steve Jobs upended the
computer industry, the music industry and the world of mobile phones. The digital visionary 's next
plan was to bring radical change to schools and textbook publishers, but he died of cancer before he
could do it
Some of the ideas that may have occurred to Jobs are now on display in the Netherlands. Eleven
"Steve Jobs schools" will open in August, with Amsterdam among the cities that will be hosting
such a facility. Some 1,000 children aged four to 12 will attend the schools, without notebooks,
books or backpacks. Each of them, however, will have his or her own iPad.
There will be no blackboards, chalk or classrooms, homeroom teachers, formal classes, lesson plans,
seating charts, pens, teachers teaching from the front of the room, schedules, parent–teacher
meetings, grades, recess bells, fixed school days and school vacations. If a child would rather play
on his or her iPad instead of learning, it 'll be okay. And the children will choose what they wish to
learn based on what they happen to be curious about.
Preparations are already underway in Breda, a town near Rotterdam where one of the schools is to
be located. Gertjan Kleinpaste, the 53–year–old principal of the facility, is aware that his iPad school
on Schorsmolenstraat could soon become a destination for envious –– but

Emergence Of Information Economy Essay
Essay Title 3: The emergence of information economy has far–reaching strategic implications for
managers in many organizations. Select and discuss some of these implications by reflecting on
three aspects, namely (1) the rationale behind your selection, (2) the changing requirements imposed
by the new economy and (3) the disconnections between an organization's IT capability and the
external requirements. It is vital to address the increasing commoditization of IT and/or IT––‐based
solutions when illustrating their strategic potentials. The changes businesses have had to
accommodate to because of the emergence of information economy, have been immeasurable.
Moving from vertical integration to outsourcing in an increasingly virtual ... Show more content on
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However, proponents argue that "the new telecommunication technologies are the electronic
highways of the informational age, equivalent to the role played by railway systems in the process
of industrialization" (Henderson and Castells 1987:6 as cited by Dicken 2007:83) implying that IT
indeed is in the process of reaching maturity but that there are still gaps where the advances in IT
have not been exploited fully. "The time–space convergence process is geographically uneven"
(Dicken, 2007:83) since two thirds of all registered domain names are in just three countries (US,
Germany, UK). Therefore IT services are far from being globally available which implies that even
if IT–based solutions are reaching homogeneity in developed parts of the world, for underdeveloped
ones IT can still be looked upon as a source of competitive advantage if implemented adequately.
Economic benefits The emergence of the information age has greatly impacted the concept of
economies of scale, since its "goal is to provide ease of change at the business–component and
interface levels and deliver 'economies of

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Costco
Costco CEO shows authentic leadership as he is a people person. He a lot of his chooses is made
with his employees and customer in mind. It is more of a Theory Y leadership where trust,
democracy, and competence ensure high productive employees, creativity, and high job satisfaction.
Craig Jelinek has a huge effect on Costco as he sets the tone for all of his employees. He makes sure
that his employees are happy He also ensures that members of the club get the best prices and
quality products. Craig Jelinek shows charismatic Leadership. These leaders easily appeal to people
and use their strengths to forge lasting business relationships.
The biggest strength for Craig Jelinek is that he knows a lot about the company as he been a Costco
employee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kevin Shorts also talked about how the CEO makes 650,000, which is a big deal because that is a
lot less than most executives. These wages have to make Costco employees proud to be an employee
to know that the CEO cares about his employees. He also made sure that Costco is closed on
thanksgiving so that employees can spend time with their families. The company also works from
inside most of their higher end employees started as a cashier. "Zeynep Ton, an adjunct associate
professor at MIT's Sloan School of Management, says Costco employees are given greater
responsibilities too, which makes them a happy and highly motivated workforce" (Gabler,2016). As
a result of Costco having a great compensation plan even for they're part–time, it is a good look for
the company. The company has been praised for their compensation plan and their employees are
happy. Jelinek believes pricing the goods higher might lead to customers losing the trust on Costco.
Hence he never allows the items in the warehouse to be sold more than 14–15% from the cost. He
could have increased the price a little higher to improve profits. Costco should develop an improved
advertisement strategy so that people would know about the discounts and other advantages given to
customers. Nowadays people are not interested to go

Whole Foods Value Chain
Contents Page
1. Introduction.................................................................................Page 1
2. Environmental Factors.....................................................................Page 1
3. Value Chain.................................................................................Page 2
4. Conclusion...................................................................................Page 4
5. References...................................................................................Page 5
Introduction
Whole Foods started in 1980 when it's CEO, John Mackey merged his store, SaferWay, with a
competitor, Clarksville Natural Grocery. Since then, Whole Foods has expanded to 275 locations in
North America and United Kingdom with 47,000 employees, making it the world's leading
supermarket retailer of natural and organic products (Harbin and Humphrey, 2013). With a mission
to promote the vitality and well– being of individuals, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company which sells only pure and unaltered products achieves this by promoting its own
house brand such as Whole Catch, Whole Creamery and 365 Everyday Value label as a substitute
for processed food (Conway, 2007). For example, Oreos is replaced by 365 Everyday Value label's
organic cookies and cream sandwich. In addition, Whole Foods purchases its salmons from an on–
site salmon buyer in Alaska who has long–standing relationships with non–commercial fishermen.
This supply line ensures that the wild–caught salmon is available for sale within 48 hours,
guaranteeing its freshness and quality (MIT Sloan Management, 2010).
Whole Foods's next primary activity will be its operations which is all activities including facility
operations associated with transforming inputs into final outputs. (Dess et al, 2012). This can be
seen from the empowerment of store managers who are allowed to stock up 10% of the store with
products they feel is suitable for the local community. Through this, Whole Foods is able to cater to
the unique taste of the community they are based in as well as decentralizing the company as a
whole. The passionate and knowledgeable employees of Whole Foods contribute by affecting the
customers with enthusiasm, making their shopping experience fun and exciting, increasing the
chance of repeat customers, generating more revenue (MIT Sloan Management, 2010). In addition,
Whole Foods has gained competitive advantage by being the first

Organisational Change: Can an Organisational Culture Be...
Organisational change: can an organisational culture be changed?
Despite its ordered and steady foundation, organisational culture can be changed if it is guided by a
comprehensive strategy. An organisations culture is founded by relatively stable characteristics,
based deeply on values that are enforced by organisational practices. However, an organisational
culture can be changed. This essay will aim to establish this and explain the measures which are
involved in changing an organisational culture. In order to explore this, the notion of organisation
culture will be defined. In addition, the reasons and situational factors that bring about the need for
cultural change will be explored, in line with the effectiveness of strategies for ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two theorists whose ideologies can be applied to change an organisational culture include Frederick
W. Taylor and Edgar Schein. Firstly, Frederick W. Taylor, a management theorist, significantly
contributed to establishing a scientific management approach to the workplace in the late 19th
century. "Taylor's most important contribution entails his principles of scientific management in
which his theory aims to create efficiency in the workplace by scientifically testing different
combinations of procedures, techniques and tools" (Mills, Helms – Mills, Bratton, & Forshaw, 2007
p. 25). Taylor felt that inefficiency in the workplace was due to three main factors which included
attitudes of the workers, methods of work and the system of management control. Taylor concluded
that these inefficiencies would be improved by a scientific approach to management. A summary of
the issues that came from Taylor's study of organisational behaviour includes issues of work
attitudes, job design, structuring of organisations, recruitment and selection, motivation, reward
systems and management control (Mills et al., 2007 p. 25). These issues are synonymous with key
components

Research Paper On Carly Fiorina
CARLY FIORINA Carly Fiorina was a bright child when she was younger and has a wonderful
family. On September 6, 1954 in Austin Texas, Carly was born. Her parents named her Cara
Carleton Sneed, but she goes by Carly Fiorina. She lived a wonderful life with her family when she
was younger and enjoyed to be outside. But in 2009, Carly was diagnosed with breast cancer. Carly
struggled with her jobs and education for a while, but managed to break through it. In 1980 when
Carly was 25, she went to join AT&T as a management trainee in Virginia. In 1999, Hewlett took
note in Fiorina's abilities to manage growth in technology and replaced Lewis Platt, a retiring
president and CEO, to make space for Carly, then switched from Lucent to HP. Then

Human Motivation and Mangement Skills
Many people get satisfaction from their work and take pride in what they do, while others may view
it as only as a mere way of survival. In an attempt to identify successful approaches to management,
theorists and social psychologists have expounded theories on human motivation and skills. Social
psychologist Douglas McGregor set forth two contrasting theories on human motivation and
management in the 1960's: Theory X and the Theory Y. McGregor promoted Theory Y as the basis
of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely pawns in the
company, as his Theory X type organizations seemed to believe (Cronkhite,2007). Both theories
look at how a manager's perceptions of what motivates his or her team members affect the way he or
she behaves allowing one to adapt their approach. McGregor's Theories X and Y Many people get
the satisfaction from their work and take great pride in it; while others may view it as a burden or
simply a means to survive. In attempts to identify successful approaches to management, social
psychologist Douglas McGregor expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and
management know as Theory X and Theory Y. Promoting Theory Y as the basis of good
management practice, and with personal views that workers are not mere pawns within the
companies' hierarchy structure as Theory X suggested. The theories look at how a manager's
perceptions of what motivates his or her team members also affect the way he or she

Software Tools Used By The Knowledge Areas Of Project...
4. Software tools used in the knowledge areas of Project Management
PM Knowledge Areas Software Tools Used Discussion
Scope Management Wrike, Base Camp, Huddle, Microsoft Word, MS Project and PowerPoint &
etc. Visual tools and involving stakeholders in the software helps in gathering requirements, verbal
communication, WBS and resource allocation can be managed by the software.
Time Management Basecamp, Dovico, Toggl, Ace project, Wrike, MS Outlook, Google Calendar &
etc. Traditional software like outlook are also used, many software are available in the market and
for business, and minimum price is less than $50.
Cost Management aPriori, True Planning, MS Project, Cleopatra and etc. The price of cost
management is very high as it is mostly used by middle and high level organizations. MS project is
the cheaper one nut it is not fully automated.
Quality Management Minitab, TrackVia, IQS, QMS, GageTrack & etc. For charts and statistical
analysis Minitab is used, it is used as a tool for Six Sigma process and many other software Tools
are available in the market.
HR Management JobDiva, icims, greenhouse, bamboo HR, Ultipro & etc. HR management software
is the most used software in the industry. Pricing depends on the client needs.
Communication Management Basecamp, Citrix, E–mail, Skype, Team viewer, join me, Google
Hangouts, & etc. Most of the integrated software provide scope for verbal communication, e–mail is
conventional method. Google Hangouts and Oovoo are free

Yield Management Reading Packet
The Basics of
Yield Management
Weld–management systems have boosted revenue at many properties, but these electronic tools are
not always compatible with the operating atmosphere of a hotel. If you want to introduce yield
management at your property, you may need to make some changes first
by Sheryl E. Kimes
YIELD MANAGEMENT is becoming part of the standard operating procedure for many hotels
with sophisticated electronic property–management systems. Appropriately tailored to the hotels
they serve, yield–management systems generally increase revenue and take much of the guesswork
out of rooms–management decisions. However, installing a yield–management system can create
problems if management does not lay the proper groundwork. ... Show more content on
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business and pleasure travelers can be split easily into separate groups. The basic idea is that hotel
managers will have different marketing plans for the different types of customers. Hoteliers would
like to be able to sell these segments rooms tlmt best fit tbeir needs. In tbe case of pleasure travelers,
lower–priced rooms that must be booked a certain length of time ahead may be most appropriate.
With business travelers, higfier–priced rooms that have no time penalty may work best. Perishable
inventory. Clearly, hotel rooms are a perishable inventory item. If the room is not sold one night,
that room–night is lost
forever, anti the hotel manager cannot put it into inventory for use at some otber time. Airlines and
rental–car firms face similar problems. P r o d u c t sold in advance. Some transient hotels sell most
of their rooms a few days in advance, but in some situations, reservations are made well in advance
of the day desired. In the case of group sales, reservations may be made several years in advance.
When the product is sold in advance, the manager is faced with uncertainty. Should a group that
wants to pay a low rate be accepted, or should the manager wait to see if higher–paying cus–
tomers will appear? How many super–saver rooms should be sold? Might someone who would pay
a higher rate want to

MBA6022 Unit 2, Assessment 2
Problem Statement:
Toyota grew at a record speed and could not keep up with the speed in which it was growing. They
are a centralized company and Japan only made the decisions. This prevented the company to keep
up with the safety problems. The process that Toyota external suppliers follow when improving
product and making sure the product is functioning properly before shipping to Toyota needs to be
improved before they release the product from their warehouse to be sent to Toyota. This problem
began when the company started to rapidly grow. Toyota's lack of communication led to the faulty
gas pedal recall.
According to Deming (1987), "Performance of management should be measured by potential to stay
in business, to protect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important that Toyota improve their communication and process of evaluating their parts
because if they don't they risk losing customers and market shares. An improved process would also
give them reassures that this issue does not arise again. According to Porter (1996) "Delivering
greater value allows a company to charge a higher average unit price; greater efficiency result in
lower average unit cost" (p.62). Toyota needs to focus more on quality than quantity. After quality is
critiqued then they can continue to grow at a lower rate. If Toyota gives their North American
companies power to make decisions than it would be a huge improvement to the companies and less
risk of safety issues.
Toyota showing their customers, potential customers and shareholders that they have improved the
way they communicate their process and procedures will lead to gaining their confidence back in the
way Toyota does business. This will also allow Toyota to gain their good reputation back and lead to
gaining profits. Communication is the most important asset in how a company does business and is
the strength of a company. Toyota closing gaps and strengthening the way they communicate will
lead to a stronger Toyota.
Desired outcome
Toyota going from centralized to decentralize will give them more opportunity to quickly respond to
issues. Incorporating external information will give Toyota a more competitive

Aligning IT with Business Strategy Essay
Is it smart for companies to invest heavily in information technology (IT)? Numerous studies
indicate that excessive IT spending will usually reduce company profits and slow productivity.
According to an article in the MIT Sloan Management Review, "Avoiding the Alignment Trap in
Information Technology," IT can become a huge bottleneck to growth in companies if they focus on
the wrong remedies for their IT problems (Shpilberg, Berez, Puryear, & Shah, 2007). The article
first focuses on Charles Schwab and its IT struggles during the early 2000's. Then, it presents a
study on 504 companies, and IT's effect on their revenue growth. Lastly, it covers the steps to ensure
success in IT's effectiveness. Charles Schwab is a Fortune 500 Company ... Show more content on
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In addition, aligning each department to a different system or standard doesn't work because a
company needs all departments functioning at the same pace and every department must rely on
each other. The largest group (about 75% of surveyed companies) spent the average amount on IT,
but growth was slightly below average (Shpilberg et al., 2007). Companies in the "The Maintenance
Zone" have IT systems that are less aligned to business objectives and are, as a result, less effective
as a whole. The authors state that the group treats IT more like plumbing, "bumping along" until
something bad happens. However, since the group's deviation of IT spending and revenue growth
from the average is minimal, the article doesn't put much focus on the "The Maintenance Zone." The
next group, experiencing "Well–Oiled IT," were more focused on execution and effectiveness at
getting IT projects up and running (on a budget). They spent 15% below average on IT, yet revenue
growth was 11% above average (Shpilberg et al., 2007). Although the group's revenue growth was
above average, the companies just didn't spend enough on IT to maximize their potential. More
specifically, they didn't spend enough to align the effective IT systems to their business objectives.
The final group of companies, in the "IT–Enabled Growth" zone, experienced the upside of keeping
IT highly aligned

Performance Monitoring Will Be Used For Ensure Capital...
Implementing EMS Recommendations
Jaemoon Lee, Jacqueline Gibson, Jillian Sandbothe, Lance Wilson, Shawn Banks
MGT/360
Anthony Tumolo
Introduction
At a corporate level, Riordan Manufacturing is staged with senior staff support, employee
engagement and a financial budget to embrace an enterprise of sustainability changes. For
adherence, Riordan will ensure "corporate governance of polices and processes are enhanced for
distribution of rights and responsibilities" (Carpenter, Sanders. 2009). Performance monitoring will
be used to ensure capital changes are effective in reducing ink fumes, decreasing solid waste and
minimizing water use. Socially, our leaders will implement employee green training with progress
reporting for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to the financial barriers that will need to be overcame, there are a number of ways to
help gather enough revenue to undertake such a green work project. Let 's face it, there is going to a
massive amount of capital that will need to be raised, in some form or fashion, to ensure that the
completion of the entire project will occur. First of all, there will need to be major cutbacks in each
department in many different ways. This will help to raise some of the capital. One of the ways that
this can be achieved is be the hiring of new employees through temp services instead of hiring new
employees themselves. By doing this, the cost of hourly wages and salaries of management can be
controlled and at a minimum. Another step that will need to be taken is the instillation of green
teams within each department of the entire plant. Each department will need to come up with ways
to move their own department towards being more sustainable and focus on this in a major way. By
doing this, Riordan will be able to cut cost down quite a bit and free up some capital to have for the
installation of the new sustainable business practices that it is about to do. Lastly, it might be in their
best

Proposal to Stanford University: Integrating Social Media...
Proposal to Stanford UniversityIntegrating Social Media Into Graduate Programs Social Media: The
New learning Platform of Choice for Students The Conversation Prism shows the proliferation of
social networking platforms Proposed Social Network Technologies Salesforce.com Chatter
Combines conversation aspects of Twitter and personalization of Facebook Enables more interaction
than Twitter or Facebook alone (Bernoff, Li, 2008) Can be customized to each student's learning
needs Scaffolding or individual learning programs possible (Najjar, 2008) Available on tablets,
mobile devices, and PCs Free for universities through special programs with Salesforce.com
Proposed Social Network Technologies Expand blogging into the Graduate School of Business
Stanford is a major supported of Edublogs in undergraduate courses Needs to bring Edublogs to the
graduate level for greater use in individualized learning programs and scaffolding (Najjar, 2008)
Enables greater interaction and discussion between students Creates a greater sense of autonomy,
mastery and purpose (all key factors in long–term learning) Enables a platform for video production
on the part of students' projects (Bernoff, Li, 2008) Proposed Social Network Technologies
Characteristic Salesforce.com Chatter Edublogs Ability to interact in real–time across a variety of
devices Very high supported across a number of mobile platforms Limited meant more as a
publishing platform Security

Sports Analytic Models
Winning is the main objective in team sports at any level. Most decisions that were made by coaches
and team executives were made from their own brain and gut. They made key decisions like what
system best fits the team, what players fit the system, and who to develop. Now, of course most, if
not all teams used basic stats like touchdowns, rebounds, assists, etc, but that is as far as they went
to use statistics to their advantage. This all changed when Billy Beane, one of the few to use sports
analytics on a professional level, appeared on the scene.
See, Sports Analytics is more than just numbers on a page. These complex numbers are digestible
enough for coaches, managers, and team scouts to earn a competitive advantage. Sports Analytics
starts with gathering basic stats like goals, steals, blocks, or etc and putting ... Show more content on
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This data management then feeds into information systems, which I will get into later, and more
importantly analytic models. These analytic models are used to gain a sense of what is going to
happen in the future. For example, if you gather how many points, rebounds, assists a basketball
player is averaging in the fourth quarter per year, you can see if he is a growing into a natural clutch
player ( signs of a franchise player) or is stagnant in the closing minutes of the last quarter (signs of
a role player or bench player). The more numbers you have the more these predictive models are
accurate. Billy Beane used very in depth numbers to propel the Athletics to the playoffs with one of
the lowest payrolls in 2002. The 2002 season was what we played you chronicled in the book,
Moneyball:The Art of Winning an Unfair Game by Michael Lewis. That same book was then turned
into a 2011 film starring Brad Pitt as Billy Beane.The film reveals the use of sports analytics to find
productive players who the Athletics could pick up for excellent value. Since the Athletics did not
have the money to land exceptional franchise players,

Innovation Location Matters Summary
The article Innovation: Location Matters discusses how the challenges for competiveness in
advanced nations and regions has changed. It elaborates on how organizations must create and
commercialize a stream of new products and processes that shift the technology frontier. Companies
must be able to innovate to sustain competitive advantage by acquiring and deploying the best
current technology. Location matters for innovation, and companies must broaden their approaches
to the management of innovation accordingly: by developing and commercializing innovation in the
most attractive location, taking active steps to access locational strengths, and proactively enhancing
the environment for innovation and commercialization in locations where they operate (Porter &
Stern, 2001).
Analysis
The authors of the article, "Innovation: Location Matters" are Michael Porter and Scott Stern.
Michael Porter is an economist, researcher, author, advisor, speaker and teacher. Throughout his
career at Harvard Business School, he has brought economic theory and strategy concepts to bear on
many of the most challenging problems facing corporations, economies and societies, including
market competition and company strategy, economic development, the environment, and health
care. His extensive research is widely recognized in governments, corporations, NGOs, and
academic circles around the globe. His research has received numerous awards, and he is the most
cited scholar today in economics and

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