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Immunological defense systems
1. Presented by: Miss Sefakor Agbenyegah
MPhil Biochemistry
(4575215)http://www.was-ist-antiaging.de
2. Study of biological mechanisms used by larger
organisms to protect themselves against invasion by
other organisms
Immune – having a high degree of resistance to a
particular disease or infection
Immune system – biological mechanism for
identification and elimination of pathogens in a
larger organism
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Sefakor Agbenyegah 2
3. Physical, chemical and biological properties of an
organism which reduce its susceptibility to foreign
organisms/ materials
Three lines of defense – First, second and third lines
Generally classified under specific or non-specific
Non-specific mechanisms repel all microbes equally
Specific mechanisms are tailored for particular microbes
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Sefakor Agbenyegah 3
10. Lymphocyte-like cells with granular cytoplasm
Attack and phagocytize
Already invaded cells
Cancer cells
FEVER: May be triggered in a large-scale infection
Role of fever:
inhibits microbial multiplication by reducing blood
levels of iron
speeds up body repair processes
High fevers may however be dangerous
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11. Cytokines
Block viral replication using interferons
trigger the inflammatory response
elevation on the body temperature
activate NK cells and macrophages
Complement proteins
About 30 different inactive proteins that circulate in the
blood
produced by the liver
Involved in opsonization
Attract phagocytes by chemotaxis
Promote inflammation
Punch holes in membrane of bacteria
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12. Made up of cells and chemicals which attack specific
antigens
An antigen is a protein molecule that provokes specific
immune response in the body
May be antibody-mediated (humoral immunity) or
cell-mediated
Involves lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic
cells
Slow response; Exposure results in immunologic
memory by T and B lymphocytes
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Sefakor Agbenyegah 12