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1. Purpose of Editing
By Ben Goldstone

2. The purpose of editing
Editing needs to be done because it needs to all be put in to place without editing it
would confuse the audience. Everything has to be edited a film ,music videos etc.
The main purpose is to make videos make sense and to make money and to put it
in order. Also for the film flows for the audience to be interested by what there
seeing on the screen. It also allows them to be narrative of time with the use of
camera angles place and a natural structure. Also you can edit because for example
if it’s a romance film then it would be slower and calmer but for an action or horror
its most likely going to be loud and quick scenes. When they edit music to put in
the background they put music that syncs well with the film or music video.

3. The purpose of Editing
• Editing is to make sure everything is in order and is raw material
and to make sure its not old footage. Editing is during post
production, editing is to make sure everything gets put in order
that the script was or the order that looks good. Editing adds
whatever colour it needs, the brightness it needs, if it needs a filter,
a transition, a sound adjustment and lastly if they need to add a
clip between two clips. Editing is also to remove unwanted clips its
an extremely hard job to produce usually editors have a certain
amount of time but they sign a contract before to make sure they
agree to the time that get. There are three principals of editing,
one which includes 180 degree rule, creating pace and
combinations of shots.

4. Editing
Editing techniques
• Continuity editing
It makes sure that if they have a beard and then they edit each bits they have
to make sure in the scene its either a beard though out it all or no beard at
all. If a character is wearing black and blue and make up and they do a scene
thought-out it all its got to be the same. Same makeup and same costume.
That’s what the continuity manager has to look out for.
The key thing for editing is storyline and narrative. The plot is the story line
and then narrative is the arrangement that reveals the storyline.

5. This is a very big error in the first batman there's
paint in the picture and then when the camera
angle changed the paint has disappeared. When
people watch they wouldn’t notice it. But its
something they need to watch out for.

6. Parallel editing
• Parallel editing is when you cut between two or more storylines that are
playing at the same time but not together they are in different places. The film
American sniper it cuts to somewhere else at the same time but in different
places. There is always action everywhere at the same time as they are out in
war which makes the audience always interact and are always keep
entertained. In EastEnders they go from one family to another which is
parallel editing. Parallel editing is the technique of alternating two or more
scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the
scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where
the relevant parties confront each other.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplay
er/episode/b07zcnxg/easte
nders-11102016

7. Match on action
• Match on action is action that begins in one shot with no cuts and
then its completed in the next shot but its in a different angle.
• Combination of shots is a mixture of different shots and angles. A
combination of a shot could be going from a long shot to a mid shot
and then straight to a close up. Shots that mix up very quickly can
help the audience feel who the character is and what they feel so
then it will change how the audience feels.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TqUlGyWSEk
• At the beginning it goes from a long shot then to a close to show his
expressions.

8. Match cut
It’s a part of action that that is shown in one scene but will be repeated in a similar
way in the next scene.
A graphic match cut is an object or a shape in one shot and then what ever it is its
involved in the next scene to show the object.
This is a match cut because straight away it turns dark and its in space and it’s a
different object. In film, a match cut is a cut from one shot to another where the two
shots are matched by the action or subject and subject matter. For example, in a fight
a shot can go from a long shot on both contestants via a cut to a medium close-up
shot of one of the fighters. A graphic match as opposed to a graphic contrast or
collision occurs when the shapes, colours and/or overall movement of two shots
match in composition, either within a scene or, especially across a transition between
two scenes.

9. Storyline and narrative
• Open ended storyline is a story line that isn’t finished yet and it can
get the audience to imagine what could happen next it gets them
thinking about it.
• Closed storyline is storyline that is completely finished with nothing
to say after.
• Linear narrative certain parts that unfold and turn in to chronological
order
• Non linear narrative certain parts that unfold and turn in to non
chronological order.

10. • Each character has there own part to kill and the storyline is based on
defeating the bad people and to save the world. The storyline is given
out to the audience clearly.
• A bad storyline is sausage party as it was very messy as there were
some parts that didn’t make sense and some parts just didn’t need to
be there. Some of the reviews said that there was a bad storyline.

11. Jump cut
• Jump cut is a way of reducing the amount of time for a long take
that’s not always needed by editing out one or more parts.
• A cut away is cutting from the main subject to something that is
based on what's going around the subject. This is a jump cut as it’s
the same thing happening but in different locations.

12. Combination of shots
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p045vhr7/cleverman-1-
first-contact
It goes from an extreme
long shot to a longshot
then too a close up.

13. Shot reverse shot
• For example if two characters look each other then both characters
will get a shot of just them and there facial expression of them
looking at each other. Then the original hot of them both will happen
after the camera on each of them for a couple of seconds. For
example in wold of wall street they use it by showing each character
for a couple seconds to show there facial
expression. The series called fall use shot reverse shot how they look
at each other then they show each character for a second each time
they talk.
http://www.bbc.co.
uk/iplayer/episode/
b07zfbvp/the-fall-
series-3-episode-3

14. Fade out/in
• It’s a shot that eventually happens after things happen
and it gets darker and then the next seen it brightness's
up.
• Dissolve means when one scene fades out and then the
other scene fades in to the scene that just faded out and
it builds on top of it. Then both scenes mix together and
they make it fit well and they make it make sense. For
example in this picture fades always to a lady on the
stairs and it seems like a sad scene by them showing
there sad facial expressions. Then they fade away in to
the girls scene.
Still standing is a series and this
is an example of dissolving
where it goes from one scene
and dissolves to the next one.

15. Slow motion/fast motion
• Slow motion is when the scene slows down and everyone moves in
slow motion and fast motion is the opposite it goes fast and the
action is speeding up. It usually happens in action films then any
other genres. The pace has to stay in tune of what's going on if its
romantic its usually background slow music and the scene is slow but
if its action then its usually fast because it syncs in well with it.
• Ellipsis means the editing out of a period of time to let the audience
imagine the gap.
• Superimposition means when one image is placed on top of another.

16. The Matrix has a slow motion
scene when he's getting shot he
bends and misses the shot.

17. Creating pace
• Creating pace means when the music and the sound in a video sync in
with what's happening in each shot the words represent what's
happening and it makes the audience. The pace of each cut is how long
the scene is for. If the pace changes then the audience will think that its
changing to a different part and it will change the way they feel and
experience the video. If its slow throughout the whole video and the song
is slow then it turns fast you would expect either a different singer or a
rapper singing. Central intelligence is an example of creating pace
because the music starts when the action starts. The background music
stops when the scene ends.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGlvxggpx74

18. Software/hardware
• Digital video started in 1999 it was the first digital real movie was star
wars episode one which is a long film and seems like a hard film to
make.
Software is virtual which means its not physical and you cant touch it.
For example a computer programme.
Hardware is physical and you can touch it for example a computer and
a mouse.
There was no editing back before they brought editing in the world it
was all done in one shot until they got bored. Over 200 hours can be
edited and they can cut it and edit it in to a story like all the way down
to 2 hours.

19. Development
• The earliest films were in the 1900’s it was all done in camera,
meaning there was no editing involved and the entire film was filmed
in the order it would be shown in the theatre but only one reel of the
film was played at once. The great train robbery is a 1903 western
film written, produced and directed by Edwin S. porter it was 12
minutes long. The film used many techniques including cross cuts,
double exposure composite editing, camera movement and location
shooting. Cross cuts were a new editing technique. Some of the
footage was coloured but none of the techniques were original to the
Great man train robbery and its now considered that it was
influenced by Frank Mottershaw’s when he made a British film called
A daring Daylight burglary.

20. Development
• The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras
were invented and film production companies started to be
established. Because of the limits of technology, films of the 1890s
were under a minute long and until 1927 motion pictures were
produced without sound. New film techniques were introduced in
this period including the use of artificial lighting, fire effects and low-
key lighting, lighting in which most of the frame is dark for enhanced
atmosphere during sinister scenes

21. Analogue editing
• Analogue editing was used before they invented how to edit on a
computer which meant There wasn’t a software that they used it was
just done by hand the whole thing. There was usually a copy of the
footage they then would take the film and then cut different parts
then paste it on to a splicer which would then fix it self and create
different cuts. Editing had to add Special effects, colour and
brightness but to make this happen they had to go through each shot
to make the colour differently. Analogue Editing is a much harder and
longer way to do as there's no software or computer.

22. Smartphone software
• Smartphones are called smartphones for a reason, some smartphones
have such good resources and can do things so easily. The smartphones can
edit footage and even film footage its such a clever way of doing it. The
quality wont be the same as it’s a smaller device also it probably wont be
as loud as you would hear it on a camera. The mic might not work as well
on the phone but once it downloads it would work better. Smartphones
have a certain amount of storage it can hold and to edit something it can
take up a lot of storage so its not the best device to edit on. Depending on
the phone you have some phones will have really good quality and the
footage will be clear but only the big phones such as the apple phone or
Samsung will be able to process this. Some apps can download footage
which is a good ability to change footage the way it should be.

23. Digital editing
• Digital Video Editing software is software that allows you to use your
computer to edit video and audio, usually via a standard or modified
computer keyboard and mouse. Digital Editing was so you can edit on
a computer it allowed you to access any frame in a video clip. Digital
editing has been around in the film industry and it’s a massive
responsibility to do. This made editors become faster at doing their
job as it was an easier way to handle. Editing is now a computer
programme as people have invented a faster way to edit. Final cut pro
is a really popular software that people use today.

24. 180 degrees rule
• Once a character is put somewhere they have to stay on the angle
and not change somewhere straight away, most films watch out for
the problems but there are some films that don’t but no one really
notice. It can sometimes make the audience confused and the
storyline can break. If there are two or more people having a
conversation then the 180 degree rule is applied.
Mr deeds pizza scene
this is a good example
of the 180 degree rule.

25. This is a bad example of 180 degree rule because
the butler isn’t real its all in his mind and the
director changes the angle of the shot to make
there look like there in different places but that
confuses the audience but because the guy in the
red jacket is having a breakdown it fits in with the
audience as its all in his imagination.
They keep the right side
each time they don’t
change to the other side
though out the whole
part. Which doesn’t
confuses the audience.