Dive into the intricate world of the Sulphur Cycle with our captivating presentation, where we unravel the complexities that govern this vital ecological process. From its origin in Earth's crust to its dynamic journey through air, water, and living organisms, join us on a visual exploration that sheds light on the crucial role sulphur plays in sustaining life on our planet. Discover how sulphur transitions seamlessly between various forms, impacting ecosystems, climate, and even human activities. Our presentation delves into the environmental significance of the Sulphur Cycle, emphasizing its influence on soil health, atmospheric composition, and the delicate balance of nature. Through engaging visuals and insightful narratives, gain a profound understanding of how human activities, such as industrial processes and agriculture, intersect with the Sulphur Cycle, shaping the world we inhabit. As we navigate the twists and turns of this elemental journey, you'll emerge with a newfound appreciation for the interconnected web of life and the indispensable role sulphur plays in maintaining Earth's ecological equilibrium. Join us on this educational journey through the Sulphur Cycle, and let's uncover the secrets of this fascinating natural process together.

2. The Sulfur Cycle
 Subtitle:
‘’Understanding the Movement of Sulfur in the Environment’’
 Presented By:
‘Muhammad Ramzan’’
Agronomy 5th
Roll No: AGLA21-08
 Presented To:
Mam. Kishwar Iram*

3. Introduction to the Sulfur Cycle
 Sulfur is a non-metal and belongs to the oxygen family (group 16) on the periodic
table.
 Sulfur is found in nature in various forms, including sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is
also a component of certain amino acids and vitamins.
 various scientists and philosophers throughout history contributed to the
understanding of sulfur, Antoine Lavoisier's work played a crucial role in
establishing it as a distinct chemical
 Antoine Lavoisier's work played a crucial role in establishing it.

4. Introduction to the Sulfur Cycle
 The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the geosphere
and biosphere.
 Sulfur is released from rocks through weathering, and then assimilated by
microbes and plants.
 It is then passed up the food chain and assimilated by plants and animals, and
released when they decompose.

5. Sulfur Cycle Processes
 It consist on followings;
1. Weathering and release of sulfur from rocks
2. Biological processes (microbial transformations)
3. Atmospheric processes (oxidation/reduction)
4. Sedimentation and burial

6. Weathering and release of sulfur from
rocks
 Sulfur is released from geologic sources through the weathering of rocks. Once
sulfur is exposed to the air, it combines with oxygen, and becomes sulfate
SO4. Plants and microbes assimilate sulfate and convert it into organic forms.

7. Biological processes (microbial
transformations)
 The sulfur of the amino acids is converted to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by another
series of soil microbes. In the presence of oxygen, H2S is converted to sulfur and
then to sulfate by sulfur bacteria. Eventually the sulfate becomes H2S.
 Two microbial processes are involved:
1. Phototrophic bacteria
2. Sulfate-reducing bacteria

8. Atmospheric processes
(oxidation/reduction)
 Dissimilative sulfur reduction in which elemental sulfur can be reduced to
hydrogen sulfide.
 The sulphur is released by the weathering of rocks. Sulphur comes in contact with
air and is converted into sulphates. Sulphates are taken up by plants and microbes
and are converted into organic forms.

9. Sedimentation and burial
 Sedimentary burial is the deposition of sediments on and area of interest such as a
sedimentary basin, oceans, or other locations typically leading to Diagenesis.
 Burial occurs when more sediments are piled onto existing sediments, and layers
formed earlier are covered and compacted.

10. Human Impact on the Sulfur Cycle
 The burning of large quantities of fossil fuels, especially from coal, releases larger
amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas into the atmosphere.
1. Burning of coals
2. Natural gas
3. Other fossil fuels
4. Acid Rain

11. Importance of sulfur in biological
processes and ecosystems
 Sulfur is an essential macronutrient required for the growth and development of all
living organisms.
 Some ecosystems rely on chemoautotrophs using sulfur as a biological energy
source. This sulfur then supports marine ecosystems in the form of sulfates.
 It helps the human body digest food and improves the condition of your skin,
tendons, and ligaments.

12. Natural sources of sulfur (volcanic activity,
weathering of rocks)
 There are several natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, evaporation of water,
and breakdown of organic matter in swamps, that release sulphur directly into the
atmosphere. This sulphur falls on earth with rainfall.
 Volcanic eruptions: when gas and/or lava are released from a volcano—sometimes
explosively. ( fertile soils, hydrothermal energy, and precious minerals)
 evaporation of water: changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor)
 organic matter in swamps: Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria under
anaerobic conditions in, for example, wetlands, flooded soils, sediments of lakes
and oceans, sewage, and digestive tracts of ruminant animals.

13. Anthropogenic sources (burning of fossil
fuels, industrial processes)

14. Anthropogenic sources (burning of fossil
fuels, industrial processes)
 ’’The emissions of various forms carbon - the most concerning being carbon
dioxide - associated with human activities. ’’
 activities include the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, land use changes,
livestock, fertilization, etc., that result in a net increase in emissions.

15. Conclusion…!
1. Balancing Act
2. Environmental Impact
3. Ecosystem Health
4. Global Perspective
5. Management and Conservation
6. Research and Innovation
7. Education and Awareness
8. Call to Action