1. Physical Development
Ages 1-3

2.  Learning
Objective: Students will identify
how growth is changing, compared to the
first year, what physical developmental
milestones occur from the age of 1-3, and
what care skills are important for the 1-3
year old (sleeping, nutrition, self care, and
health and safety).
 FCS
Standards: 06-12.5.1, 5.A, 5.B, 5.C

3.  1-3
year olds
 Why
do we call them “toddlers”?

4.  Between
the ages of one and three, children
take short, tottering steps, called toddling,
when they are learning to walk

6.  3-5
year olds
 Why
do we call them “preschoolers”?

7.  Growth
slows down.
 Children
begin to show greater variation in
size.
 The
size different continues through life. A
tall 2 year old often grows to be a tall adult.

8.  Posture

By the ages of 3, a child stands straighter
 Arms

improves
legs and torso lengthen.
Improves balance and coordination

9. 1 year old – 8 teeth
 2 year old – 16 teeth
 3 year old – 20 teeth


To prevent tooth decay a child should:




Have a diet high in Calcium and Vitamin D
Drink tap water with floride
Limit sweets and sugary drinks
Don’t send a bottle to bed with a child
Brush teeth daily. Teach and monitor teeth
brushing.
 See a dentist about 18 months old


10.  Both
gross and fine motor skills improve
dramatically.
 Gross

Climb  walk  run  jump
 Fine



Motor Skills
Motor Skills
Stack blocks
Turn knobs
Eat with spoon

11.  1-year-olds


sleep about 6 or more hours a night
nap for several hours a day
 2-3
year-olds
need 10-14 hours of sleep a day
 Usually have an afternoon nap

Having a bedtime routine is important!

12.  Fear
of the dark
 Nightmares
 Night terrors: a type of sleep disturbance
that occurs during the first few hours of
sleep, when children are sleeping deeply.
 What
to do:
be reassuring
 turn off disturbing TV
 reduce the stress in their life


13.  The
eating habits formed at this age will
influence eating for the rest of a child’s
life.
 It’s
important to offer a variety of healthy
foods and allow the child to pick.
 Continue
exposing them to foods that
they don’t eat, as their tastes and habits
may change.

14.  Children
1-2 years old don’t need to eat as
often as compared to the 1st year, but their
stomachs are still small. Still need to eat
every 3-4 hours.
 The
amount they eat day to day can vary
greatly. Why is this??

15.  Be
a good role model.
 Let
them help in the kitchen.
 Don’t
use food as a reward or withhold food
as a punishment.
 Encourage
water vs. sugary drinks.

16. 
One-year-olds:




Two-year-olds:


Finger foods
Should avoid hard foods-carrots
Can use a spoon
Can use utensils, but it may take a while to eat.
Three-year-olds:



Usually have all of their primary teeth, so chewing is no
problem.
Are skillful with utensils.
Meats still need to be cut into small pieces.

17.  Color:
Provide a variety of color.
 Texture:
Provide a variety of textures.
 Shape:
Be creative. (cut foods using a cookie
cutter, cut foods into shapes)
 Temperature:
meal.
 Ease
Serve both hot and cold in a
of eating: They are more likely to eat
what is easy to eat-cut up spaghetti, use
ground beef instead of steak.

18.  Complete
Planning Meals for Young Children

19.  Bath
more often as they get older. WHY?
 Slowly
transfer the responsibility of bathing
and washing to the child. By the age of
3, they would be able to do it all by
themselves.
 Safety



in the tub is very important.
A child can drown in 1 in. of water.
Never leave a child alone in the tub.
Be careful of falls.

20. 
Most are ready about 2-3 years old

How to know if they are ready:

Physically a child must be able to control their bladder and
bowel function.



Sphincter muscles: muscles that help regulate elimination.
This level of maturity is typically reached at 18 months.
Emotionally a child needs to show an interest and want to
use the toilet.

Children have to be able to dress and undress
themselves.

It’s best to start during calm period in a child’s life.

Expect accidents and never scold a child for an
accident!

21. 
Checkups occur at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months and
then usually yearly.

Illnesses are common and usually minor.
Children’s immune systems are not as strong as
adults.
 Illnesses like the flu can be life threatening.


See a doctor if you are concerned!

22.  Make
a list of things a caregiver should do to
provide a safe environment for a child.

23. 
Be aware of choking hazards-children should stay
seated when eating and be monitored by an
adult.

Toys should be safe and not include small parts that can
break off or be removed.

Keep all poisons locked up.

Keep children away from
candles, matches, fireplaces, etc. They should
know some basic fire safety at this age.

Car seats-They should ALWAYS be a in a car
seat, and be placed in the back seat.

Watch kids around pets.

Keep them protected from the sun.