child and nutrition lesson

1. Childhood and Nutrition
By: TINA C. STA.MARIA

2. - A child (plural children) is a human
being between the stages of birth
and puberty or between the
developmental period of infancy
and puberty.
Who is a child?

3. What are the stages of child development?
Early childhood birth to age 5
Middle childhood 6 to 12
Adolescence 13 to 18

4. What is nutrition and why it is important?
Nutrition means getting the food and nourishment that we
need for health and growth. Without nutrition, we grow
weak, sick and at the very worst can even die. We miss
developmental milestones and can't put our bodies through
the daily mental and physical tasks that we need them to.

5. Childhood Nutrition
Childhood nutrition involves
making sure that children eat
healthy foods to help them grow
and develop normally, as well as to
prevent obesity and future
disease.

6. Children are constantly growing, and they need the right nutrients
to help them maintain a healthy weight, recover quickly from
illness, build up strong bones and muscles, and keep up their energy
levels. Poor nutrition can cause a range of health problems such as
obesity, asthma, high cholesterol and heart disease, as well as
learning difficulties and low self-esteem.
Why is child nutrition important?

7. What food should be eaten by children?
Children need to eat a variety of foods from all the food groups every day. This
means:
• plenty of vegetables, legumes and fruits

8. • wholegrain breads, cereals, rice and pasta

9. • healthy sources of protein such as lean fish,
eggs, nuts and poultry

10. • milk, yoghurt and cheese

11. • well hydrated
• takeaway junk food

12. Nutrition for kids is based on the same principles as
nutrition for adults. Everyone needs the same types of
nutrients — such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates,
protein and fat. Children, however, need different amounts
of specific nutrients at different ages.
Nutrition for Kids

17. The Benefits of Healthy Eating
As children grow and develop, they need important nutrients to
be strong and healthy. Some of the benefits of healthy eating
include:
• Stable energy
• Strong bones and teeth
• Improved mental health: Makes us think clearly and be more
alert
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Preventing chronic diseases

18. • Stable energy

19. • Strong bones and teeth

20. • Improved mental health: Makes us think clearly and be more alert

21. • Maintaining a healthy weight

22. • Preventing chronic diseases
Common chronic diseases of children include:
• Asthma - a disease that affects your lungs. Asthma causes
wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing at
night or early in the morning.
• Cystic fibrosis - a disorder that damages your lungs, digestive
tract and other organs. It's an inherited disease caused by a
defective gene that can be passed from generation to
generation. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus,
sweat and digestive juices.

23. • Diabetes - Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either
when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when
the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is
a hormone that regulates blood sugar.
• Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High
blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't
use insulin properly.
• Hypoglycemia is a low blood sugar level, or a "hypo", is where the level of sugar
(glucose) in your blood drops too low. It mainly affects people with diabetes,
especially if they take insulin. A low blood sugar level can be dangerous if it's not
treated quickly, but you can usually treat it easily yourself.

24. • Epilepsy - a disorder of the brain characterized by repeated
seizures. A seizure is usually defined as a sudden alteration of
behavior due to a temporary change in the electrical
functioning of the brain.
• ADHD - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children.
Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (not being able to keep
focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting to the
setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment
without thought).

25. • cerebral palsy - Cerebral palsy
(CP) is a group of disorders that
affect a person's ability to move and
maintain balance and posture. CP is
the most common motor disability in
childhood. Cerebral means having to
do with the brain. Palsy means
weakness or problems with using the
muscles.

26. • Autism spectrum disorders
- Autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) is a developmental
disability caused by differences in the
brain. People with ASD often have
problems with social communication
and interaction, and restricted or
repetitive behaviors or interests.
People with ASD may also have
different ways of learning, moving, or
paying attention.

27. What happens if a child doesn't get
proper nutrition?
Children who eat poorly are more likely to
develop certain long-term health problems and
complications, including:
• Osteoporosis in later life.
• Cardiovascular diseases.
• Growing up eating foods high in fat, sugar,
and salt can increase the risk for high
cholesterol, high blood pressure, and
atherosclerosis as an adult.

28. Ways to make the kids encourage to eat fruits and vegetable

29. Ways to make the kids encourage to eat fruits and vegetable

30. VIDEO OF HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY CHILD

31. Nutritional Status of Filipino Children

32. Every day, 95 children in the
Philippines die from malnutrition.
Twenty-seven out of 1,000 Filipino
children do not get past their fifth
birthday. A third of Filipino children
are stunted, or short for their age.
Stunting after 2 years of age can be
permanent, irreversible and even
fatal.
What is the nutritional status of Filipino Children?

33. Malnutrition in the Philippines
Undernutrition is one of the main problems in the
Philippines where stunted growth is quite
common in children, specifically for those who
are experiencing poor living conditions.
According to UNICEF, 3.6 million Filipino children
aged five and below are underweight while about
4 million suffer from stunted growth. Another
health concern for most of the Filipino
population iodine deficiency which has a huge
impact on the learning abilities and intelligence
quotient (IQ) of children.

34. What are the programs implemented by the Philippines
government to curb malnutrition?
The program revolves around 5 intervention schemes:
• health protection
• identifying children and families in need of immediate assistance
• food assistance
• food production
• nutrition education
• family planning.

35. Common Nutrition Problems in Children
1. Failure toThrive
Failure to thrive is a term that refers to a child whose weight or weight
gain is not in line with children of the same age. Children may appear
much shorter or smaller than others, and normal development, such as
puberty, may be delayed. While failure to thrive can be a symptom of
medical conditions such as chromosome abnormalities, chronic
infections and low birth weight, poor nutrition can also play a role. To
treat failure to thrive that is due to a poor diet, it is essential to
encourage a balanced diet including fruits, vegetables and proteins.

36. 2. Food Refusal
Food refusal is a big contributor to poor nutrition in children.
Whether it is a dislike of certain colors or textures, some children are
just picky. When a child refuses to eat a variety of foods and limits
herself to only one food or food group, the National Institutes of
Health refers to this as a food jag. Making a rule that the child must
at least taste each food on her plate is a good way to work around
this. Food habits will change with time and, eventually, your child
will begin to try other foods.

37. 3. Allergy and Intolerance
Food allergies can be common in children, with the most typical
allergies being eggs, milk and peanuts. Gluten and lactose
intolerances can also be a factor. If your child has an allergy, this can
affect his ability to get certain nutrients. For example, a milk allergy
or lactose intolerance can affect the calcium intake of your child. If
he has an allergy, talk to your physician about possible nutrient
supplements that may be necessary.

38. 4. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood
cells. A diet lacking in iron is the most common cause of anemia, and it often occurs
in young children, usually between the ages of 9 and 24 months, whose diet consists
of a lot of milk and not a lot of iron-rich foods. Cow’s milk reduces the body’s ability
to absorb iron and can cause the intestines to lose a small amount of blood, which
further reduces the red blood cells. Foods rich in iron include:
meats
fish
poultry
egg yolks
legumes
whole grain breads
raisins
but many pediatricians will prescribe an iron supplement

40. Thank you!