European Union- socio-economic integration

1. European Union

2. • A peaceful Europe – the beginnings of cooperation
Introduction

3. • The ‘Swinging Sixties’ – a period of economic growth
Introduction

4. Introduction
Founding members of EU

5. • A growing Community – the first Enlargement
• Join the European Union on 1 January 1973, raising the
number of member states to nine.
Introduction

6. • The changing face of Europe - the fall of the Berlin Wall
SEA Signed in 1986.
The fall of the Berlin
Wall leads to free trade
between North and
South Germany.
Introduction

7. • A Europe without frontiers
With the collapse of communism across central and eastern Europe, Europeans
become closer neighbors. In 1993 the Single Market is completed with the 'four
freedoms' of: movement of goods, services, people and money.
• Further expansion
The euro is the new currency for many Europeans. 11 September 2001 becomes
synonymous with the 'War on Terror' after hijacked airliners are flown into
buildings in New York and Washington. EU countries begin to work much more
closely together to fight crime.
Introduction

8. • EU is organization made up of
28 countries
• The capital of European union
is Brussels , Belgium.
• The EU is run by five main
bodies: European Parliament,
Council of the Union, European
Commission, Court of Justice,
and the Court of Auditors.
• The united states is the main
trading partner of European
union
• The European flag symbolizes
both the European Union and,
more broadly, the identity and
unity of Europe.

9. EU Trade policy with the WTO
• Through the WTO, the EU also seeks to promote
sustainable development in trade, such as
• The Everything But Arms initiative – where all imports
from the world's poorest countries enter the EU free of
import duties or quotas, with the exception of armaments
• The special incentive arrangement for sustainable
development and good governance, known as GSP+
• Aid for Trade.
• The EU has also been an active player in the Doha
Development Agenda since its launch in November 2001.

10. History of the EU
• The historical roots of the
European Union lie in the
Second World War.
• Idea of European integration
conceived to prevent such killing and
destruction from ever happening
again
• First proposed by the French Foreign
Minister Robert Schuman in a speech
on May 9, 1950. This date, the
"birthday" of what is now the EU, is
celebrated annually as Europe Day
Phases Of Growth
• Initially, the European Economic Community
(EEC) consisted of just six countries: Belgium,
Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the
Netherlands (1958)
• European Communities (EC) (1967)
• Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom
joined in 1973
• Greece in 1981
• Spain and Portugal in 1986
• European Union (EU) (after 1992) (Maastricht
Treaty)
• Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995
• Largest enlargement took place with 10 new
countries joining May 9, 2004

11. The Euro
• The Treaty of Rome (1957)
• Declared a common market as a European objective
• Aim: increase economic prosperity and contribute to "an ever closer union
among the peoples of Europe"
• The Single European Act (1986) and the Treaty on European Union (1992) built
on this
• introduced Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
• laid the foundations for a single currency
• name “Euro” was selected in 1995
• in January 1999, the exchange rates of the participating currencies were
irrevocably set and Euro area Member States began implementing a common
monetary policy
• in January 2002, 12 States in the EU introduced the new euro banknotes and
coins

12. •Founded in 1951 (Treaty of Paris)
•Purpose was to reduce potential for conflict
between the member states by pooling vital
resources
•Fore-runner of the EEC, EC, and EU
European Coal and Steel
Community

13. Court of Auditors
• Manages the EU budget
5 EU Institutions - each play a specific role
European Parliament
• one of two legislative bodies
in the EU
• Elected by the peoples of the
Member States
Council of the European Union
• EU’s highest Legislative
Body
• Made up of representatives
appointed by member states
according to a population-
based allotment
European Commission
• EU’s executive body
• One commissioner per
country appointed by
each government
Court of Justice
• ensures compliance with
the EU laws
How European Union works?

14. European Investment Bank
• Helps achieve EU objectives by
financing investment projects
5 Other Important Bodies
European Economic and Social
Committee
• Expresses the opinions of organized
civil society on economic and social
issues
Committee of the Regions
• Expresses the opinions of regional
and local authorities
European Central Bank
• Responsible for monetary policy
and managing the euro
European Ombudsman
• Deals with citizens' complaints
about maladministration by any
EU institution or body

15. (Source: ec.europa.eu)
•Total US investment in the EU is three times
higher than in all of Asia.
•EU investment in the US is around eight times the
amount of EU investment in India and China
together.
•This transatlantic relationship also defines the
shape of the global economy as a whole. Either
the EU or the US is the largest trade and
investment partner for almost all other countries in
the global economy.
•The EU and the US economies account together
for about half the entire world GDP and for nearly
a third of world trade flows.
EU and USA

16. The Commission's main roles are to:
• propose legislation which is then adopted by the co-legislators, the European
Parliament and the Council of Ministers
• enforce European law (where necessary with the help of the Court of Justice
of the EU)
• set a objectives and priorities for action, outlined yearly in the Commission
Work Programme and work towards delivering them
• manage and implement EU policies and the budget
• represent the Union outside Europe (negotiating trade agreements between
the EU and other countries, for example.).
• The European Commission has its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and
some services also in Luxembourg. The Commission has Representations in all
EU Member States and 139 Delegations across the globe.
What we do ?

17. • A new team of 28 Commissioners (one from each EU Member State) is
appointed every five years.
• The candidate for President of the Commission is proposed to the European
Parliament by the European Council that decides by qualified majority and
taking into account the elections to the European Parliament.
• The Commission President is then elected by the European Parliament by a
majority of its component members (which corresponds to at least 376 out
of 751 votes).
• Following this election, the President-elect selects the 27 other members of
the Commission, on the basis of the suggestions made by Member States.
The final list of Commissioners-designate has then to be agreed between the
President-elect and the Council. The Commission as a whole needs the
Parliament's consent. Prior to this, Commissioners-designate are assessed by
the European Parliament committees.
1 President, 7 Vice-Presidents and 20 Commissioners

18. Ethics and transparency
Regular and emergency meetings
The Commissioners meet as a College once a week, usually on Wednesday, in Brussels. The
College agendas are determined by the President.
The agenda for each meeting is based on the Commission's work programme. The meetings and
debates are not open to the public, but the agendas and minutes are available.
The Commission also meets when emergencies need to be addressed and when major issues
are being discussed by the Council of Minister
Directorates-General and agencies
23 000 staff members working in the Commission in departments, known as(DGs) or services.
They draft laws, but their proposals become official only once College of Commissioners adopts
them during its weekly meeting.
They manage funding initiatives at EU level, carry out public consultations & communication
activities.
The Commission also administers a number of executive agencies, which help the European
Commission manage EU programmes.

19. Sources : http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=470
Non-EU Nationals
Iceland: EU has strict limitations on fishing industry , as
its their main economic activity .
Switzerland : one of the most highest living standards
and prefer its economy not to be regulated by EU
Turkey’s culture, stability, and location to the Middle
East causes some EU members to not want Turkey to
join
Russia : prefers an independency over its resources and
economy .

20. TRADE POLICY of EU
Sources : http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/
3 Dimensions in Trade and
Investments:
 Multilateral :Accord among three or
more Parties, Agencies, or
National Governments.
e.g.- EU- South Korea FTA
 Bilateral , e.g.-fisheries partnership
agreements – the EU gives financial and
technical support in exchange for fishing rights,
generally with southern partner countries.
 Unilateral e.g. unilateral GSP to third countries
like India
OBJECTIVES :
 Create a global system for fair and open trade
 Open up markets with key countries
 Make sure others play by the rules
 Ensure trade is a force for sustainable development
 shape a trade and investment environment that is
healthy and beneficial for people and for business
 Plays a key role in keeping markets open worldwide and
helping Europe to exit from the economic crisis.
 supporting the fight to protect our environment and
reverse global warming.
 striving to improve working conditions for workers in
developing countries.
 ensuring the highest standards of health and safety for
the products we buy and sell.

21. 14.8% of world trade (in goods) in 2014
EU-28 received €523 billion in FDI 2013
(ranking 1st before US € 141.2 billion)
Second-larger
exporter (after
China) €1.702,9
billion (2014)
Second-largest
importer (after
the US) €
1.680,5 billion
(2014)
Sources: Eurostat, UNCTAD

22. Rank Country Million Euro
1 USA 225.201
2 Brazil 37.829
3 Switzerland 28.472
4 Bermuda 22.082
5 Cayman Islands 20.846
6 Mexico 20.334
EU’s Investment in the world 2013
Sources:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/august/tradoc_148181.pdf

23. Sources: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ttip/about-ttip/
CONTENTS :
 opening up the US to
EU firms
 helping cut red
tape that firms face
when exporting
 setting new rules to
make
it easier and fairer to
export, import
and invest overseas.
IMPACT:
 kick-starting
the economy
 responding
to conflicts close the
borders
 adapting to
other, emerging
economies outside
Europe
 maintaining
the influence in the
wider world
 generating jobs and gro
wth across the EU
 cutting prices when
shopping and
offering more choice.
PROCESS:
 the
European Parliament
 business and
trade unions
 consumer, health and
other public interest
groups
 the public.
TTIP-Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

24. TISA- Trade in Service
Agreement
An agreement to liberalise
trade in services
involves 24 WTO members,
including the EU, who
together account for 70%
of world trade in services
Open to other WTO
members and compatible
with WTO/GATS
Could be made part of the
WTO members join
TISA aims at opening up
markets and improving rules
in areas such as licensing,
financial services, telecoms, e-
commerce,
Maritime transport, and
professionals moving abroad
temporarily to provide
services.
Sources : http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/tisa/

25. EU AND INDIA
• EU-India relations go back to the early 1960s: India was amongst the
first countries to set up diplomatic relations with EEC
• Bilateral agreements signed in 1973, 1981, The 1994 co-operation
agreement (signed 20 Dec 1993) is a wide-ranging 3rd generation
agreement, well beyond trade and economic co-operation.
• EU is India’s largest trading partner.
• The bilateral relationship is reviewed annually by India –EU Summit at
the level of our PM and the Presidency of the EU.
• Announcement of Strategic Partnership was made at 5th India-EU
Summit in November 2004.

26. EU AND INDIA
• India was EU’s 9th largest trading partner in fiscal year 2014 – 15.
• Trade in goods grew from €28.6 billion in 2003 to €72.7 billion in 2013.
• Trade in commercial services tripled from €5.2billion in 2002 to €17.9 billion in
2010.
• EU-India trade in goods as a percentage of India’s total trade has continuously
declined going from 26.5% in 1996-97 to 13.9% in 2011-12 and further to 13.2%
in 2013-14. In 2013-14, only about 16.4% of all Indian exports went into the EU
and about 11% of all Indian imports were from the EU.
• During the fiscal year 2014-2015, trade in goods dipped by about 4% to US$98
billion while trade in services pulled-back by 2.5% to US$26 billion in 2013.
• European FDI to India grew from €1.56 billion in 2004 to a peak of €13.83 billion
in 2011 before dropping sharply to €5.48 billion in 2012 and €4.3 billion in 2013.
(Source: Evaluation of the EU-India Strategic Partnership and the potential for its revitalisation.
European Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs. - 18 June 2015
“India-EU working to end trade huff over generic drugs” Economic Times – 17 August 2015)

27. EU – India Statistics
34
35
36
37
38
39
2012 2013 2014
Trade in Goods
EU Imports EU Exports
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
2012 2013 2014
Trade in Services
EU Imports EU Exports
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/

28. 1- On 7 January 2016, the Council appointed Mr Kęstutis
Lančinskas, a senior Lithuanian police official, as head of
the European Union Advisory Mission Ukraine. Mr
Lančinskas will replace Mr Kalman Mizsei and is expected
to take up his duties in Kyiv on 1 February 2016.
2- IMF urges European Union to open job markets quickly
to refugees
EU Highlights

29. 1-The economic part of the pact signed between Ukraine and the EU will slash 98
percent of trade duties on the EU’s 28 member’s goods and 99 percent on
Ukrainian products.
2-Ukraine will save up to $500 million on lifted tariff and duty fees when trading
with Europe, but it’s free trade access with Russia will be revoked.
3-The EU thinks in the long-run closer ties with Europe will bring Ukraine
economic prosperity. Moscow predicts a short-term windfall of $30-40 billion in
the next year. The EU says it will make up for any counter actions by Russia.
4-The costs of Ukraine's participation in the Eastern Partnership may turn out to
be too high not only for Ukraine but also for the EU. That’s because the budget of
the European Union has been calculated for 7 years ahead and does not envisage
any extra expenditures, while Ukraine’s economy needs billions to revive its
economy, as ITAR-TASS cites Sergei Kulik, Contemporary Development Institute
Director for International Research.

30. THANK YOU