10-2 Economics PPTs in Punjabi Medium

1. aupBogqw sMquln
(CONSUMER’s EQUILIBRIUM)
pySkrqw;
bldyv isMG
lYkcrwr ieknwimks
s.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur
swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[
1

2. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw ArQ
sImq Awmdn, v`D qoN v`D sMquStI,
siQqI nMU nw bdlxw[
pirBwSw;
“ie`k aupBogqw aus smyN sMquln iv`c huMdw hY jdoN
auh AwpxI Awmdn Aqy bwzwr kImqW qo pRwpq
sMquStI nMU AiDkqm kr lYNdw hY”[
sYimaUlsn(Samuleson)
do mu`K ivcwrDwrwvW ;
(A)quStIgux ivSlySx (Utility Analysis)
(B) audwsIn vkr ivSlySx (Indifference Curve Analysis)
2

3. (A)aupBogI dy sMquln dw quStIgux
ivSlySx
(Utility Analysis of Consumer’s Equilibrium)
quStIgux /aupXoigqw dw ArQ;
vsqU jW syvw dw auh gux, ijhVw aupBogI dI
loV nMU sMquSt krn dI SkqI r`Kdw [
“quStIgux iksy vsqU dI auh SkqI hY jo loVW dI
sMquStI krdI hY”[ ihbfn
“quStIgux auh sMquStI hY ijs nMU koeI
ivAkqI aupBog dy PlsrUp pRwpq krdw hY”[
ilpsI
3

4. iPSr ny quStIgux dy mwp dI iekweI vjoN
Xuitl (Util) Sbd dw pRXog kIqw[
4
quStIgux dIAW
iksmW
sImWq
quStIgux
ku`l
quStIgux

5. sImWq quStIgux (Marginal Utility)
iksy vsqU dI ie`k hor iekweI dy aupBog
nwl ku`l quStIgux iv`c jo pirvrqn AwauNdw
hY [
∆TU
sImWq quStIgux = -----
∆Q
sImWq quStIgux= TUn - TUn-1
(i)Dnwqmk (ii) isPr(iii) irxwqmk
5

6. ku`l quStIgux (Total Utility)
iksy vsqU dIAW swrIAW iekweIAW qoN imlx
vwly quStIgux dw joV [
ku`l quStIgux= TU =
MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th
6

7. mwnqwvW (Asumptions)
1. ivcwrSIl aupBogqw (Rational consumer)
2.igxqIvwck aupXoigqw (Cardinal Utility)
3.suqMqr aupXoigqw (Independent Utility)
4.mudrw dI sImWq aupXoigqw siQr hY[
5.rucIAW siQr[
6.kImq Aqy Awmdn siQr[
7.pUrn igAwn[
8.vsqUAW vMfxSIl [
7

8. 8
ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIgux
iv`c sbMD
nvpRMprwvwdI ArQSwsqrI jYvns(Jevnos)ny
ivAwiKAw kIqI[
ku`l quStIgux iksy vsqU dIAW iviBMn iekweIAW
qoN pRwpq sImWq quStIgux dw joV ;
TU= ∑MU
ku`l quStIgux= TU5th =
MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th

9. 9
mwqrw ku`l
quStIgux
sImWq
quuStIguxW
vrxn
0 0 0
Dnwqmk
1 8 8-0 = 8
2 14 14-8 = 6
3 18 18-14 = 4
4 20 20-18 = 2
5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr
6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqmk
ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIgux iv`c sbMD

10. 10
8
14
18
20
Utility
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
F G
TU
Y
XO
6
TOTAL UTILITY

11. 11
2
4
6
8
Utility
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
M
Y
XO
-2
6
U
Marginal Utility
Zero
+ve
- ve

12. 12
8
14
18
20
Utility
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity
G
TU
Y
A
O
6
F
Quantity
Utility
MU
2
4
6
8
O
1 2 3 4 5 6
-2
X
X
B
mwqrw ku`l
quStI
gux
sImWq
quuStIguxW
vrxn
0 0 0
Dnwqm
k
1 8 8-0 = 8
2 14 14-8 = 6
3 18 18-14 = 4
4 20 20-18 = 2
5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr
6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqm
k

13. ku`l quStIgux (TU) Aqy sImWq quStIgux
(MU) iv`c sbMD
(i)jdoN MU G`tdI hY qW TU G`tdI dr qy v`DdI hY[
(ii)jdoN MU isPr huMdI hY qW TU AiDkqm huMdI hY[
(iii)jdoN MU irxwqmk huMdI hY qW TU G`txw SurU
krdI hY[
do inXm;
(i) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm
(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(ii) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm
(Law of Equi-Marginal Utility)
13

14. 14
(A) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm
(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
gosn dw pihlw inXm
lgwqwr iekweIAW dw aupBog krn nwl
hryk vwDU iekweI qoN pRwpq quStIgux G`tdw
jWdw hY[
aupBogI aunIAW iekweIAW KrIddw jdoN
vsqU dI sImWq iekweI dw quStIgux, kImq
dy brwbr huMdw hY[
MU= Price
ieQy sMquln iv`c Aqy sMqStI AiDkqm huMdI

15. 15
(B) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm
(Law of Equi- Marginal Utility)
jy aupBogI v`D qoN v`D sMquStI pRwpq krnw
cwhuMdw hY ,auh AwpxI mudrw nMU v`KrIAW
vsqW qy ies qrHW Krc krnw cwhIdw hY ik
hr vsqu qy mudrw-Krc dw sImWq quStIgux
brwbr hovy[
 v`D qoN v`D sMquStI dw inXm[
 pRqIsQwpn dw inXm[
( Law of Substitution)

16. 16
G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw
(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(i) aupBog dy inXmW dw AwDwr; mMg dw inXm,
sm-sImWq aupXoigqw Aqy aupBogqw vwDw
(Consumer surplus)[
(ii) aupBog Aqy auqpwdn iv`c iviBMnqw;
auqpwdk vsqUAW dy ifzweIn, gux pYikMg iv`c
pirvrqn leI mzbUr huMdy[
(iii) kr dw AwDwr; Awmdn vwDy nwl AmIrW
iv`c Dn dI sImWq aupXoigqw Gtx lgdI [

17. 17
G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw
(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
(iv)smwjvwd dw AwDwr; AmIr lokW pwsoN Dn
grIb lokW pws pirvrqn krn dw suJwA[
(v)mu`l inrDwrx; jy auqpwdk AiDk vsqUAW
vycxw cwhuMdw qW kImq G`t krnI pvygI[
(vi)aupBogqw leI mh`qv: auh ie`k hI vsqU qy
AiDk Krc nhIN krdw[
(vii)aupXoigqw mu`l Aqy vtWdrw mu`l iv`c
AMqr; pwxI qy hIry dw AMqr[

18. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
(i)ie`k vsqU nwl (Single Commodity Case)
(ii) do vsqUAW nwl (Two Commodity Case)
(i)ie`k vsqU nwl ;
KrIdx leI kImq Adw krnI ,
iqAwg bdly kuJ aupXoigqw pRwpq
G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw inXm Anuswr hryk
vwDU iekweI dy aupBog qoN pRwpq hox vwlI sMquStI
G`tdI jWdI hY[
pr mudrw dI aupXoigqw siQr rihMdI hY[
18

19. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
isAwxw aupBogI vsqU dw aupBog aus sImw
q`k vDweygw, ijQy
AwKrI iekweI qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw,
mudrw(kImq) dI sImWq aupXoigqw dy brwbr hovy[
ieh sMquln dI AvsQw hovygI[
MU= Price
19

20. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
20
vsqU A
dIAW
iekweIAW
vsqU A
qoN pRwpq
quStIgux
Adw kIqI
kImq vjoN
iqAwgI
aupXoigqw
quStIgux pRwpqI -
iqAwgI aupXoigqw
iv`c AMqr
1 50 20 +30
2 40 20 +20
3 30 20 +10
4 20
(MUA)
20
=(PA)
0
5 10 20 -10

21. 21
10
20
30
50Utility
1 2 3 4 5
Quantity A
Y
XO 6
40
U
P
MU=Price
E
M

22. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case)
 sImq Awmdn nMU ie`k qoN v`D vsqW qy Krc
krdw hY[
do vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw dI qulnw
krdw hY[
aus qy Krc krdw jo v`D aupXoigqw idMdI hY[
sm-sImWq quStIgux dy inXm Anuswr sMquln
iv`c hovygw jdoN dohW vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWq
quStIgux brwbr hovygw[ 22

23. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case)
G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm Anuswr AiDk
mwqrw iv`c vsqU dw aupBog krn nwl sImWq
aupXoigqw G`tdI jWdI hyY [
aupBogqw vsqU dI KrId bMd kr idMdw hyY jdoN
dUjI vsqU qoN sImWq aupXogqw G`t ho jWdI hY[
 G`t sImWq aupXoigqw vwlI dI QW v`D sImWq
aupXoigqw vwlI vsqU dw pRqIsQwpn krdw hY[
23

24. aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx
24
Krc kIqy
rupey
vsqU A qoN
pRwpq sImWq
quStIgux
MUA
vsqU B
qoN pRwpq sImWq
quStIgux
MUB
1 14 12
2 12 10
3 10 8
4 8 6
5 6 4

25. 25
1 2 4 5
Commodity
A
UtilityMU
2
4
6
8
O12345 X
Commodity
B
14
10
12
3
M U of
A M U of
B
K
J ME H
F
G
L
X1

26. vsqU A dI sImWq aupXoigqw= vsqU B dI
sImWq aupXoigqw =10 iekweI
MUA = MUB = 10 Units
MUA = MUB = MU of Money
MUA MUB
---- = ----- = MU of Money
PA PB
26

27. pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSn
Q 1.ku`l aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?
Q 2.sImWq aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?
Q 3.ku`l aupXoigqw Aqy sImWq aupXoigqw iv`c
sbMD dw vrnx kro[
Q4.aupBogqw dy sMquln qoN kI Bwv hY?
Q5.ie`k vsqU dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI
ivAwiKAw kro[
Q6.do vsqW dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI
ivAwiKAw kro[
Q7.G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm dI
ivAwiKAw kro[
27

28. pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSn
28
vrqIAW
iekweIAW
ku`l
aupXoigqw
sImWq
aupXoigqw
0 0
1 10
2 25
3 38
4 48
5 55
Q8.rwkyS dI
ku`l aupXoigqw
sUcI hyTW id`qI
geI hY[aus dI
sImWq aupBogqw
pqw kro[

29. pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSn
au`qr;
29
vrqIAW
iekweIAW
ku`l aupXogqw sImWq aupXogqw
0 0 0
1 10 10-0= 10
2 25 25-10= 15
3 38 38-25= 13
4 48 48-38= 10
5 55 55-48= 7

30. DMnvwd
pySkS ; bldyv isMG
lYkcrwr ieknwimks
s.s.s.s. huiSAwrpur
swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[
84270-04513
30