Comparative perspective of Education

1. Higher education in European
countries
Muhammad Ayoob Babar
Reg. No. 140-FSS/PHDEDU/F17
Department Of Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Higher Education In Europe
• Structure of Higher Education In Europe
• Quality Assurance in Higher Education In Europe
• Higher education institutions
• Expenditure on Higher Education
• International Mobility
• Effective Outcomes And Employability
• References

3. Introduction
• Higher education comprises
• All post-secondary education
• Training and research guidance at education
institutions such as universities that are
authorized as institutions of higher education by
state authorities.

4. Higher Education In Europe
• The University Rankings 2016, 1,000 universities
around the world and, Just over 400 of them are
universities in Europe.
• The top 10 European universities include UK,
Swiss, German and Swedish institutions, but UK
universities take most of the top spots.

5. Structure of Higher Education in Europe
• Each country has its own individual higher
education system, but all are part of the
European Higher Education Area (EHEA).
• The EHEA system helps ensure that
1. higher education systems across Europe are
well-matched

6. Cont..
2. Students, and researchers in Europe can
collaborate and study or work abroad more
easily.

7. Quality assurance in Higher Education in
Europe
• All European countries have introduced measures
to assure the quality of the education
• They have elaborated and agreed upon following
Standards and Guidelines for Quality
Assurance in the European Higher Education
Area.

8. Cont..
• Internal quality assurance within higher
education institutions
• External quality assurance of higher
education
• External quality assurance agencies
• A peer review system for quality assurance
agencies

9. Higher education institutions
• The type and number of higher education institutions
also vary among EHEA countries.
• Higher education institutions can be
• academically or professionally oriented
• publicly or privately founded and funded; or there
might be other distinctions applied in a given country
context.

10. Expenditure on higher education
• European higher education institutions are funded
mainly from public sources.
• EHEA countries such as:
• Sweden (7.3 % of GDP)
• Finland (6.5 % of GDP)
• Estonia (5.4 % of GDP)
• Netherlands (5.5 % of GDP)

11. International Mobility
• International mobility of students and staff has been a
priority of the European higher education
agenda.
• European countries ministerial conference 2015,
focused on mobility and
• Stress on the need of policy agenda for European
higher education by introducing the term
‘Internationalization’

12. Effective Outcomes and Employability
• The effective outcomes of higher education, that is,
• Higher education attainment and completion on
the one hand, and
• the Employability of graduates on the other have
been an important focus of the EHEA from the
very beginning.

13. References
• European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education (EQAR), 2014,
Recognising International Quality Assurance Activity in the European
Higher Education Area (RIQAA) (Brussels, EQAR).
https://www.eqar.eu/fileadmin/documents/eqar/riqaa/WP5_RIQAA_Report_f
inal.pdf
• European University Association (EUA), Trends Studies (Brussels, EUA).
http://www.eua.be/publications/
• European Student Union (ESU), 2012, Bologna with Student Eyes 2012
(Brussels, ESU). http://www.esu-online.org/asset/News/6068/BWSE2012-
online1.pdf

14. Cont..
• European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education (EQAR),
2014, Recognising International Quality Assurance Activity in the
European Higher Education Area (RIQAA) (Brussels, EQAR).
https://www.eqar.eu/fileadmin/documents/eqar/riqaa/WP5_RIQAA_Rep
ort_final.pdf

15. Thanks