Slides

1. PO 202
Spring 2017

11.  Hierarchy
 Chain of command
 Specialization or
Division of Labor
 Tasks are divided and broken down
 Explicit Rules
 Personal discretion limit
 Standardization, Predictability
 Professionalization or Merit
 Objective criteria for hiring, etc.
Max Weber

14.  Administrator
 Implements and administers laws
 Professional and non-partisan
 Examples: Park Rangers and Police Officers
 Rule Maker
 Writes details of legislation
 Bureaucratic discretion
 Importance of judgment
 Judge
 Interpreting the laws
 Rules of the game”: Responsible for ensuring compliance

16.  Cabinet Departments
 Secretaries appointed by Governor
 Issues: Environment, Education, Labor,Tourism
 Independent Agencies
 Enforce regulations and create policy
 Single head appointed by executive
 Narrow areas of jurisdiction

17.  Regulatory Boards and Commissions
 Agency run by a small number of officials
 Sector of economy or political arena
 Federal Examples: SEC, FCC, FDA
 Government Corporations
 Service NOT provided by private business
 Example: USPS, FDIC

19.  Implementation
 Procedures to carry out policies
 Creation of new agencies or bureaus
 Regulation
 Development of formal rules for implementation
 Developed by state agencies
 Adjudication
 Decision-making on individual compliance or violation of laws
 Discretion
 Bureaucratic Goals

21.  Influenced by congressional preferences,
political loyalty, and electoral support
 “To the victor go the spoils”
 Example: Jackson and Bank Funds
 FiredTreasury secretaries who would
not remove National Bank funding

22. GARFIELD ASSASSINATION PENDLETON ACT (1883)
 Signed into law by. Arthur
 Civil Service Commission
 Established beginning of merit
system for hiring in federal
bureaucracy

24.  Provided means for basic needs
 Intermediary between immigrants and State
 Integrated immigrants into society

26.  Hatch Act (1939)
 FDR and the New Deal
 Civil service employees cannot take an active part in the
political management of campaigns
 Civil Service Reform Act (1978)
 Response to Watergate Scandal
 Created OPM: Recruit, interview, and test potential
government workers and determine who should be hired
 Gave protections for whistleblowers
 Sunshine and Sunset Laws
 Sunshine: Meetings open to public
 Sunset: Specific timetable to act on legislation