Demand Response Analysis in Buildings and Energy Systems Integration, HVAC, Energy integration

1. Demand Response
Analysis in Buildings and Energy
Systems Integration
BY
SAIF YOSEIF SALIH
OAKLAND UNIVERSITY, MICHIGAN, USA
ENERGY INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
MAY, 2016

2. What is the Energy System?
A set of interacting or interdependent resources, infrastructures
dedicated specifically for the production, transmission, Delivery and
consumption of energy (End user).

3. Examples of Energy Systems
• Buildings
• Transportation
•Distribution feeders
• Fueling stations
• Communities
•T& D grids
• Pipeline networks
•

4. Energy System Integration (ESI)
The process of optimizing the energy systems across multiple pathways
and geographical scales.
The scale of ESI ranges from buildings (1 MW)
to regions (100 GW)
Advantages
Affordable and reliable cost effective energy
Meet increasing global energy demands
Minimal impacts on the environment

5. ESI Opportunity Areas
Streamline: Synergize:
Existing energy systems improvements Connecting energy system domains
Integrating renewable energy into the grid Hybrid energy systems
Empower:
Energy management (i.e., Demand Response DR)
Avoid peak load
Energy storage technique

6. Demand Response (DR)
Change in electric usage of the end user (Customers) from the normal use patterns in response
to specific changes such as in the peak load (Price perspective)
Or to coordinate electricity use with power system operation
Benefits of DR:
•Keep the load under fully control
•Electricity bill saving and incentive payments
•Increase efficiency and performance of energy systems
•System security that offers more means &resources to meet the demands

7. DR Mechanisms
1- Reducing the energy consumption through load curtailment strategies such as
•Dimming lighting levels
•Decreasing the temperature set points of air conditioners
2- Moving energy consumption to a different time period
•Power consumption shifting (Pre-cooling or pre-heating)
3-Using onsite standby generated energy to limit the dependence on the main grid
Use storage technologies and smart grids

8. DR Classification
1- Rate Based (Price DR program)
Customers would pay the highest prices during peak hours and the lowest prices during off-peak
hours. DR program is to adjust the consumption pattern during the peak load .
2- Incentive or event-based DR programs
The utility or the power company rewards the consumers for reducing their electric usage in a
specific time or upon the company request.
3- Demand reduction bids
customers initiate and send demand reduction bids to the utility to reduce the demand capacity

9. Smart Control Devices for DR
1- Load control switches
Connected from the end-use load to the utility by means of
communication systems
Examples: Load control switches of motors and compressors
2- Smart thermostats
Remotely controlled by the utility and/or the consumer to program the required load
Examples: Setting the temperature and time of operation of the HVAC devices
3- Smart Meters
Record energy usage to regulate the load (Connected to smart thermostat)
based or the rate changes and remote signals (Two-way communications)

10. DR in Buildings
1- Active DR systems in buildings can manage loads, HVAC devices, storage and local generations
units upon the user preferences
2- Building Automation System (BAS):Bidirectional connection between the supply and the
demand sides to develop a smart grid

11. Conclusion
1- Buildings are the major electricity end-users
2- DR will play a major role in the smart grid (SG) implementations
3- The integration of storage devices, distributed generation and on-site RES in automated DR
brings additional flexibility and complexity
4-Measurement and settlement processes, developments in integrated electronic circuits,
optimization and control systems, information and communications technologies are areas that
need further sophisticated research and investigation

12. Questions !
Demand Response Analysis in Buildings and