This document presents a case study on a 10-year-old boy named Jamilur Rahman Adi who is overweight. Adi enjoys eating fast food and spends much of his time watching TV and playing games on his phone. He has been experiencing sleep problems like snoring, restlessness and morning headaches. His BMI is 21.3 which puts him in the 93rd percentile, meaning he is overweight. The document discusses factors that can cause childhood obesity like fast food consumption, sugary drinks, lack of physical activity due to TV watching and sedentary lifestyle. It outlines consequences of obesity like sleep apnea, socio-emotional issues and poor academic performance. The document concludes with recommendations for preventing obesity through healthy eating,

1. A CASE STUDY ON CHILDHOODOBESITY ANDTHE
ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SCHOOL GOING
CHILDREN.
Presented by,
Asma Akter
Food safety & public health
Noakhali Science & Technology University

2. Case overview
 Name: Jamilur Rahman Adi
 Age: 10
 Class four student
 Lives in a city with his
parents
 likes to eat fast food and a
little bit fruits and
vegetables are present in
his menu
 Spend time by watching TV
and playing games in the
mobile

3. Case overview
 Reported problem: sleep apnea
 Sleep disturbance for few months
 Sleeping with mouth open
 Snoring
 Restlessness during sleep
 Morning headaches
 Decrease in grades and overall success at school
 Deficits in attention span at school
 Cranky before school
 Onset: About a year ago.

5. Childhood obesity
 a condition where excess body fat negatively
affects a child's health or wellbeing.
 As methods to determine body fat directly are
difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based
on BMI.
 A study in Bangladesh revealed that among 6
to 15 year olds from both the rural and urban
areas 3.5% were obese, 9.5% were
overweight [Bulbul et al, 2014]

6. What is BMI?
 BMI is acceptable for determining obesity for
children two years of age and older.
 The Center for Disease Control and
Prevention defined overweight as at or
above the 95th
percentile of (BMI) for age and
“at risk for overweight” as between 85th
to
95th
percentile of BMI for age.[Flegal KM et. Al,
2002]
 An Indian research study has defined
overweight (between ≥85th
and
<95th
percentile) and obesity (≥95th
percentile).
[ Nawab et al.,2014]

7. Adi’s Health Status
 Weight: 42 kg
 Height: 4’6”
 BMI: 21.3(93
percentile)
 Status:
overweight

9. Causes

10. Causes of Childhood Obesity
 Fast food
Consumption:
 Sugary beverages
 Snack foods
 Portion size

11. Activity level
 Each additional hour of
television per day
increased the prevalence
of obesity by 2%.
 children spend watching
TV correlates with their
consumption of the most
advertised goods,
including sweetened
cereals, sweets,
sweetened beverages,

12. Environmental factors
 Life style discourages physical activity &
encourage automobile use.
 Tall buildings discourage stair case &
encourage elevator and escalator use
 Low cost junk food available everywhere
 Heavy promotion of activities and products
that discourage physical activity.
 Sedentary forms of entertainment e.g. Home
entertainment system

13. Adi’s overweight factor
 Likes to have fast
food
 Likes to watch TV
and playing video
games
 Moves by elevator
and go to school by
rickshaw

14. Common consequences of
obesity
 Growth: Overweight children tend to be taller,
have advanced bone ages, and mature earlier
than non overweight children
 Early maturation, determined by bone age,
peak height velocity, and age of menarche, is
associated with increased fatness in adulthood
 Hyperlipidemia
 Glucose Intolerance

15. Less common consequences of
obesity
 Hypertension
 Sleep Apnea
 Orthopedic Complications

16. Socio-emotional consequences
 Overweight and obese children are often
teased and/or bullied for their weight.
 Obese children are often excluded from
activities, particularly competitive activities that
require physical activity as they tend to be
slower
 Overweight children tend to protect
themselves from negative comments and
attitudes by retreating to safe places, such as
their homes, where they may seek food as a
comfort

17. Academic consequences
 overweight and obese children were four times
more likely to report having problems at school
than their normal weight peers
 likely to miss school more frequently,
especially those with chronic health conditions
such as diabetes and asthma, which can also
affect academic performance.

18. Adi’s overweight consequences
 Suffers from Sleep apnea: Sleeping with
mouth open, Snoring, Restlessness
during sleep, Morning headaches
 Doesn’t like to go school or play ground as he
is teased by others
 Academic performances fall
 Improper sleeping make him irritated

19. Prevention
 Primordial prevention:
deals with keeping a
healthy weight and a
normal BMI
 Primary prevention: aims
to prevent overweight
children from becoming
obese
 Secondary prevention:
directed toward the
treatment of obesity

20. Physical Activity and Exercise
Physical
Activity
ExerciseHousehold Chores
Occupational Activity
Gardening/
Yardwork

21. Preventing and Treating Adi’s overweight
 Burns calories and keeps metabolism
geared towards using food forenergy
instead of storing it forfat.
 Increase house & daily activities
 Sports & structured exercise
 Begin slow and gradually increase exercise
time to 30-60 minutes perday
Home Healthy meals
Physical activity—limit TV
School Mandatory physical education
Healthy lunches and snacks
Urban design Protect open spaces
Build pedestrian zones, bike paths, parks
Marketing and
media
Subsidize healthy foods
Require nutrition labels on fast food
Health care Improve insurance coverage for effective
obesity treatment

22. Oct 28, 2018©M.Miqdady, M.D.22

23. Conclusions
 Obesity is not a disease, it is a public health
problem and it is a risk factor for several
chronic diseases.
 Understanding the role of environmental
factors on development of obesity help in
control & prevention.
 Healthy eating combined with increased
physical activity is the answer

24. Reference
 Bulbul, Tania &Hoque, Mozammel. (2014). Prevalence of childhood obesity
and overweight in Bangladesh: Findings from a countrywide
epidemiological study. BMC pediatrics.14. 86.10.1186/1471-2431-14-86.
 Nawab T, Khan Z, Khan IM, Ansari MA. Influence of behavioral
determinants on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school
going adolescents of Aligarh. Indian J Public Health. 2014;58:121–4.
 Flegal KM, Wei R, Ogden C. Weight-for-stature compared with body mass
index-for-age growth charts for the United States from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. Am J ClinNutr. 2002;75:761–6.
 Flodmark CE, Lissau I, Moreno LA, Pietrobelli A, Widhalm K. New insights
into the field of children and adolescents’ obesity: The European
perspective. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 2004;28:1189–96.[PubMed]

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Notes
Thanks foryour
attention