4. Chromatic Aberration
īŦ A lens will not focus
different colors in exactly
the same place.
īŦ the focal length depends
on refraction and the
index of refraction
īŦ Short wavelength has
higher n and is refracted
more than long
wavelength
īŦ The amount of chromatic
aberration depends on
the dispersion of the
glass.
Lens
Eye
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/aberrations/spherical/index.html
5. Chromatic Aberration
īŦ Dispersive power (abbe
value) is based on
change in index for
different wavelengths
īŦ If the index is the same
for all wavelengths, there
is NO DISPERSION
īŦ The n increases as
wavelength decreases
6. Chromatic Aberration
īĄ Some patients can detect this
īĄ Dispersion usually increases in high index
īĄ May be noticeable with IOLâs
7. Chromatic Aberration
Duochrome Test
īŦ Duochrome test helps
you determine
position of focal point
with respect to the
fovea
īŦ Useful to avoid
overminusing pt.
10. Correction of Chromatic Aberration
īŦ An achromat doublet does not
completely eliminate chromatic
aberration, but can eliminate it
for two colors, say red and
blue.
īŦ The idea is to use a lens pair â
a strong lens of low dispersion
coupled with a weaker one of
high dispersion calculated to
match the focal lengths for two
chosen wavelengths.
īŦ Cemented doublets of this type
are a mainstay of lens design.
īŦAchromatic Doublets
11. Correction of Chromatic Aberration
APOCHROMATIC LENS
The addition of a third lens corrects for three colors
(red, blue and green), greatly reducing the fuzziness
caused by the colors uncorrected in the achromatic
doublet.
12. Correction of Chromatic Aberration
īŦIn the human eye, chromatic aberration is
reduced by the lens, which changes index
from the nucleus outward.
13. Spherical Aberration
For lenses made with spherical surfaces, rays which are parallel to
the optic axis but at different distances from the optic axis fail to
converge to the same point.
http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/java/aberrations/spherical
15. Spherical Aberration- Correction
Meniscus Lenses
The amount of spherical aberration in a
lens made from spherical surfaces
depends upon its shape. Best form,
depends on base curve
16. Oblique Astigmatism
This aberration primarily influences the image quality of
spherical lenses. When the wearer looks at an angle through
the lens, there is a deviation which he perceives as blur. The
higher the dioptric power of the lens, the more pronounced this
error becomes.
19. Coma
. Coma is an aberration which causes rays from
an off-axis point of light in the object plane to
create a trailing "comet-like" blur directed away
from the optic axis.
20. Coma
īŦ A lens with
considerable coma
may produce a sharp
image in the center of
the field, but become
increasingly blurred
toward the edges.
21. Coma
The resulting image is called a comatic circle.
The coma flare, which owes its name to its cometlike tail, is
often considered the worst of all aberrations, primarily
because of its asymmetric configuration.
22. Coma- correction
īŦFor a single lens, coma can be partially
corrected by bending the lens. More
complete correction can be achieved by
using a combination of lenses symmetric
about a central stop.
īŦComa is not well compensated for in the
human eye.
23. Curvature of Field
Causes an planar object to
project a curved
(nonplanar) image. It can
be thought of as arising
from a "power error" for
rays at a large angle.
Those rays treat the lens
as having an effectively
smaller diameter and an
effectively higher power,
forming the image of the
off axis points closer to the
lens.
24. Curvature of Field
A lens aberration that causes a flat object
surface to be imaged onto a curved
surface rather than a plane.
http://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/java/aberrations/curvatureoffield/
=n*f2
25. Curvature of Field- Correction
īŦThe surface of the image formed by the
eye is also curved, fortunately, the retina is
also curved!
īŦFor lens systems, using best form lenses
with non-spherical shapes can help.
26. Image Distortion
īŦ Not about sharpness, but faithful reproduction of
the shape of the object.
īŦ It occurs when magnification varies with the
distance of the object from the optic axis.
īŦ Problem only for high powers
īŦ Tends to falsify the positions of objects and
cause vertical lines to wave
īŦ Aphakes!
īŦ Minimized by very steep back base curves
28. Outline
īŦ Chromatic Aberration
īŦ Spherical Aberration
īŦ Oblique Astigmatism
īŦ Coma
īŦ Curvature of Field
īŦ Distortion
īŦ Point Spread
Function
īŦ Modulation Transfer
īŦ Wavefront Analysis
īŦ Custom Lasik and
Zernicke Polynomials
29. Beyond sphere and cylinderâĻ
īŦHigher order aberrations have been
traditionally ignored clinically
īŦNow are routinely considered
īĄPost lasik increase in higher order aberrations
īĄCan be easily measured
īĄWavefront guided correction available
īĄPatient expectations